初中英语句型转换技巧ppt课件

1,句型转换与翻译技巧,2015年3月,宁城县第三中学薛岩,l,句型转换,基本句式转换,同义句转换,1.肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的转换（1）含有be动词（am,is,are,was,were)、行为动词(do,does,did)和情态动词(can,could,should,will,would,may,might)及含有have/has+p.p的句子；肯定句改为否定句：直接在be动词、助动词、情态动词后面加not肯定句改为一般疑问句时，一律将be动词、助动词和情态动前移到句首（首字母大写）肯定回答用“Yes”；否定回答用“No”。“Yes”或“No”后面的主语必须用代词，“No”后面必须用否定缩略式。,牛刀小试,改为否定句,Therearesomepayphonesonthatstreet,Therearentanypayphonesonthatstreet.,Tonywilltravelaroundtheworld.,Tonywonttravelaroundtheworld.,HecancookChinesefood.,HecantcookChinesefood.,Theyhavelearnedallthesubjects.,Theyhaventlearnedallthesubjects.,改为一般疑问句，并作肯定、否定回答,1.Thereisahotelnexttomyschool.,Isthereahotelnexttoyourschool?,Yes,thereis.No,thereisnt.,2.BridgeStreetisagoodplacetohavefun.,IsBridgeStreetagoodplacetohavefun?,Yes,itis.No,itisnt.,3.Wearecleaningtheroomnow.,Areyoucleaningtheroomnow?,Yes,weare.No,wearent.,6,句型转换,（2）只含有行为动词的句子必须借助助动词do；does；did;改为否定句时，直接在行为动词后面加dont（一般现在时态，主语是除第三人称单数之外的人称和数时），doesnt(一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数时），didnt（一般过去时态）改为一般疑问句时，在句首加Do,Does或Did。肯定回答用“Yes”，后面动词用do；does或did”；否定回答用“No”，后面动词用dont；doesnt；didnt。,改为否定句,1.Maryoftenplayssportsafterdinner,Marydoesntplaysportsafterdinner,2.Aliceattendsthelectureonceaweek.,Alicedoesntattendlectureonceaweek,3.Mikedrewapictureontheblackboard,Mikedidntdrawapictureontheblackboard.,改为一般疑问句,1.Thechildrenlikeplayinggames.,Dothechildrenlikeplayinggames?,2.Maryusuallygoestoschoolonfoot.,DoesMaryusuallygotoschoolonfoot?,3.TomwenttoLondonyesterday.,DidTomgotoLondonyesterday?,9,2.特殊疑问句的转换把句子转换为特殊疑问句，首先要确定划线部分的“疑问词”，人、物、时间、地点、原因、数量等分别用：who；whom；whose；what；when；where；why；how；howmany；howmuch；howoften；howold；howlong等。将相对应的疑问词放在句首，其余部分改为一般疑问句的形式，就是特殊疑问句。改完后要注意检查句首的首字母大写和句尾的标点符号。,练习,对划线部分提问,1.Theteachershadameetingyesterday.,Whendidtheteachershaveameeting?,2.ThepostageisthreeYuanandsixJiao,Howmuchisthepostage?,3.Theyhelpedtheoldladycleanherhouseonceaweek.,Howoftendidtheyhelptheoldladycleanherhouse?,4.Itsgoingtobecloudytomorrow,Howisitgoingtobetomorrow?,Whatisitgoingtobeliketomorrow?,5.Thestudentsareplantingtreesonthehills.,Wherearethestudentsplantingtrees?,6.Theywillmeetat11:00.,Whattimewilltheymeet?,12,肯定句中：前句动作适合后句的人句式：so+be/助/情+主如Shelikesdrawing.他们也是Sodothey.Hewrotealetteryesterday.我也写了.SodidI.Hecanhelpme.Socanwe.Heisastudent.Soarewe.,13,HewrotealetteryesterdaySohedid.,肯定句中:对前句动作的肯定句式：so+主+be/助/情,否定句中：前句的动作适合后句的人句式：Neither/Nor+be/助/情+主Heisntastudent.Neither/Norisshe.Theyhaventwrittenityet.Neither/Norhashe.,14,句型转换,3.选择疑问句的转换改为选择疑问句时，只需注意根据句子的内容用“or”连接两个并列的成分就可以了。结构：一般疑问句+or+简短的问句答语：不用yes或no.两者之间选其一或者Neither/Both.如：SheisLucy.（Lily）IssheLucyorLily?Theycometoschoolbybike.(onfoot)Dotheycometoschoolbybikeoronfoot?Onfoot.,反意疑问句的转换,反意疑问句结构：“陈述句简短问句”，规律：“前面肯定；后面否定”和“前面否定；后面肯定”的规律和简短问句的主语必须用代词的要求。Tomlikesplayingfootball，doesnthe？XiaoHongdidntlikesinging，didshe？注意：祈使句的反意疑问句，除Lets开头的一般用shallwe？其余无论肯否，一般都用willyou？,16,练习,完成下列反意疑问句Theressomethingwrong,_?Thereisnothingwrong,_?Someonewentthere,_?Youwillhaveaninterestinglife.(用adulllife改为选择疑问句)_youaninterestinglife_adulllife?LucyisastudentLilyisadoctor（改为选择疑问句）Lucyastudentadoctor?,17,4.祈使句的转换祈使句，肯定的祈使句，是原形动词开头否定的祈使句是“Dont”开头，后跟原形动词。（主语是I或we时，句子开头用letme或lets）YoushouldrememberhistelephonenumberRememberhistelephonenumber，pleaseYoucantgohome.Dontgohome.Icandoitalone.Letmedoitalone.Wecanwritethem.Letswritethem,改为感叹句，必须记住，强调的是名词，句首用What，What后的名词前可以有形容词。句式：Whataadj+n（单）Whatadj+n+主+谓!Whatadj+n(不可数)强调的是形容词或副词，句首用How，后面必须紧跟形容词或副词，如Theparkisbeautiful改为：Whatabeautifulpark！或：Howbeautifultheparkis！,感叹句的转换,19,练习,改为祈使句Youshoulddohomework.Youcanclosethewindow.Youcouldntusemydictionary.改为感叹句(分别用what和how)Theweatherisfine！Theflowerissosweet！Thestudentisveryhard-working.！,20,句型转换,同义句转换1.简单句之间的转换技巧：逐个翻译后，与原句进行对照，看缺少了哪个词或哪部分意思，然后再用与其意思相近的词、词组或句型去替换。（因此，在学习中要掌握尽可能多的同义词，平时多注意）例如：TheywillgettoLondoninfourdays.TheywillreachLondoninfourdays.Therunnercouldntcatchupwiththeothersintherace.Therunnerfellbehindtheothersintherace.ThesnowwasheavylastnightItsnowedheavilylastnight.,21,句型转换,2.二合一并成简单句就是把两个并列句中成份相同的部分用连词合并起来.常见的连词有neithernor,eitheror,bothand,notonlybutalso,enoughto,tooto，so.that,assoonas其中红色字体的部分通常遵循就近原则，即谓语需根据后面的那个主语保持一致。如：HehasntbeentoFrance.ShehasntbeentoFrance,either.NeitherhenorshehasbeentoFrance.MrsSmithismyteacher.Sheisalsomygoodfriend.MrsSmithisnotonlymyteacherbutalsomygoodfriend,22,句型转换,3.简单句与复合句的互换(1)用不定式、介词短语、名词短语、分词性短语替换；（2）将宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”；（3）将sothat(suchthat)引导的状语从句简化为含有tooto(或enoughto)的简单句；（4）if引导的状语从句简化为“祈使句，and(or)+句子”。例如：.,1.IhopethatIcanseeyousoon.Iyouagain2.Pleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets.Pleasetellmeourtickets.3.Ifyoudonthurryup,youllmisstheearlybus,youwonttheearlybus.Youllmisstheearlybusyouhurryup.,句型转换,24,句型转换,4.语态之间的转换主要指主动语态和被动语态之间的变化。例如：Yourclassroommustbecleanedeveryday.Youyourclassroomeveryday.2Wecanstorealotofinformationinthecomputer.(改为被动语态)Alotofinformation_storedinthecomputer,25,阶段练习,1ThisisthemostboringjourneythatIhaveeverheardof.Ihave_heardof_aboringjourneybefore.2Myfatherseemstobeveryangry._seemsthatmyfather_veryangry.3Themanmadehisbabylaugh.Thebabywas_laugh.4Thecaptainisthehappiestofalltheplayers.Thecaptainis_anyotherplayer.,26,阶段练习,5Takingexerciseoftencanmakeyouhealthy.Itsgood_your_totakeexerciseoften.6Hurryup,andyoullbeontimefortheparty._you_hurry,youllbelatefortheparty.7Itisfiveyearssincehelefthishometown.Hehas_fromhishometownforfiveyears.8ThatladyismynewEnglishteacher.Sheiswearingredclothes.Thelady_ismynewEnglishteacher.,27,阶段练习,9Ispentfourhundredyuaninbuyingthatrecorder.Thatrecorder_fourhundredyuan.10TherearemorepeopleinAmericathaninEngland.The_inAmericais_than_inEngland.11.Hecantdecidewhereheshouldstayforthenight.Hecantdecide_forthenight.12Thefilmbeganat2:00p.m.andendedat4:30p.m.Thefilm_twoandahalf_.,28,翻译解题技巧,29,技巧篇,第一步，先读一下汉语句子，了解这个句子所要表达的意思。并找出句子的主语和谓语。第二步，跳过空格读一下已给出的那一部分内容，然后再仔细分析一下要求翻译的英语。第三步，观察一下要求翻译的汉语，然后联想一下相关词汇和句型，再考虑语态、时态、词形变化、主语与谓语数的一致性等问题。第四步，根据空格数填词。第五步，将已填好的句子再读一遍，从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下。,30,技巧篇,翻译题，重在平时的积累。那么，平时应该怎么做呢？1熟练掌握常用词和词组的用法。2熟练掌握各种句型结构。3掌握语法知识。4熟读课文，因为有些题可能会出自课文原文。5平时要加强这类题的训练。总之，平时还是要多读多背,31,练习篇,1.从现在开始，我们应该更加努力学习。Weshouldstudyharder_（3个空）2一百年以后，中国将发生什么样的巨大变化？（四个空）WhatgreatchangeswilltakeplaceinChina_？3.你能把你的自行车借给我吗？（五个空）Canyou_？4.他正在花园里浇花。（四个空）He_inthegarden.5.我们应该尽最大努力尽快赶上发达国家。(3个空）Weshould_tocatchupwiththedevelopedcountriesassoonaspossible6.珍爱自己，远离不健康的书。Takegoodcareofyourselfand_badbooks,32,练习篇,虽然很累了，工人们继续努力工作着。Thoughtheyweretired,theworkers_hard.下个星期将有一场足球比赛。There_afootballmatchnextweek.我的自行车出了毛病。Somethingis_mybike.Mr.Brown是如此的激动，以至于说不出话来。Mr.Brownis_excited_s