高级英语第三版第五课课后参考答案

LESSION5,.Paraphrase,1.Theslightestmentionofthedecadebringsnostalgicrecollectionstothemiddle-aged(para1)Attheverymentionofthispost-warperiod,middle-agedpeoplebegintothinkaboutitlonginglyandstartaskingallkindsofquestions.,2.TherejectionofVictoriangentilitywas,inanycase,inevitable.(para3)Inanycase,anAmericancouldnotavoidcastingasideitsmiddle-classrespectabilityandaffectedrefinement.,3.ThewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure(para3)ThewaronlyhelpedtospeedupthebreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure.,4.itwastempted,inAmericaatleast,toescapeitsresponsibilitiesandretreatbehindanairofnaughtyalcoholicsophistication(para4)InAmericatheyoungpeopledidnotseriouslytakeuptheresponsibilityofchangingthetraditionalcustomsofsociety;insteadtheylivedunconventionallivesand,bydrinkingandbehavingindecentlyinmanyways,theybrokethemoralcodeofcommunity.,5.Prohibitionaffordedtheyoungtheadditionalopportunityofmakingtheirpleasuresillicit(para4)TheyoungpeoplefoundgreaterpleasureintheirdrinkingbecauseProhibition,bymakingdrinkingunlawfuladdedasenseofadventure.,6.ouryoungmenbegantoenlistunderforeignflags(para5)Asaresult,theyoungmenbegintojointhearmiesofforeigncountriestofightinthewar.,7.theywantedtogetintothefunbeforethewholethingturnedbellyup(para5)Theyoungpeoplewantedtotakepartinthegloriousadventurebeforethewarended.,8.theyhadoutgrowntownsandfamilies(para6)Theseyoungpeoplecouldnolongeradapttolivesintheirhometownsortheirfamilies.,9.thereturningveteranalsohadtoface.thehypocriticaldo-goodismofProhibition(para6)ThereturningveteransoldiersalsohadtofacethestupidcynicismofthevictoriousalliesinVersailleswhoactedascynicallyasNapoleondid.TheyhadtofaceProhibitionwhichthelawmakershypocriticallyassumedwouldbegoodforthepeople.,10.Somethinginthetension-riddenyouthofAmericahadtogive(para6)(Underallthisforceandpressure)somethingintheyouthofAmerica,whowerealreadyverytense,hadtobreakdown.,11.itwasonlynaturalthathopefulyoungwriters,theirmindsandpensinflamedagainstwar,Babbittry,andPuritanicalgentility,shouldflocktothetraditionalartisticcenter(para7)Itwasonlynaturalthathopefulyoungwriters,whosemindsandwritingswerefilledwithviolentangeragainstwar,Babbittry,andPuritanicalgentility,shouldcomeingreatnumberstoliveinGreenwichVillage,thetraditionalartisticcentre.,12.Eachtownhaditsfastsetwhichprideditselfonitsunconventionality(para8)Eachtownwasproudthatithadagroupofwild,recklesspeople,wholivedunconventionallives.,B1.TheboomingofAmericanindustry,withitsgigantic,roaringfactories,itscorporateimpersonality,anditslarge-scaleaggressiveness,nolongerleftanyroomforthecodeofpolitebehavior(flourishing)(aggression),Flourishhasthesenseofincreasingtowardsorbeinginaverydesirablecondition,oroneofmaximumdevelopment.Boomhasthesenseofsudden,swiftandvigorousgrowth.Aggressivenessherehasthesenseofthequalityofenterpriseandinitiative,ofbeingboldandactive;whereasaggressionreferstoanunprovokedattackortothepracticeorhabitofbeingquarrelsome.flourish意为向很理想的状况发展或正处于该状况，即发展的鼎盛时期。boom意为突然迅速地蓬勃发展。aggressiveness在这里指大胆积极的开拓进取。aggression指无故地攻击别人或喜欢争吵。,2.itreleasedtheirinhibitedviolentenergieswhich,aftertheshootingwasover,were.turnedinbothEuropeandAmericatothedestructionofanobsolescentnineteenth-centurysociety(obsolete),Obsoletemeansnolongerinfashion;out-ofdate;nolongerinuseorpractice.Obsolescentintheprocessofbecomingobsolete.obsolete指废旧的，不再时兴，不再使用的。obsolescent指向废旧转变的，过渡的。,3.Theyoungmenofcollegeagein1917,knewnothingofmodernwarfare.(wars),warfaremeanstheactionofwagingwarorarmedconflictingeneral.Warontheotherhandhasawiderscope,referringtoanyactivehostility,contentionorstruggle,conflict(thewaragainstdisease).Ontheotherhanditismorespecificandspecificandconcrete,forexample,hefoughtinthiswar(andnot“warfare”).warfare泛指打仗或武装冲突。war一方面使用范围较广，可指任何敌对的争斗，如thewaragainstdisease，另一方面可用于具体的、个别的作战，如hefoughtinthiswar(不能用warfare)。,4.ThosewhowerereluctanttoserveinaforeignarmytalkedexcitedlyaboutPreparedness(preparations),Preparednessmeansthestateofbeingprepared.Capitalized”Preparedness”referstothePreparednessMovement,acampaignledbyLeonardWoodandTheodoreRoosevelttostrengthenthemilitaryoftheUnitedStatesaftertheoutbreakofWorldWarI,Preparationreferstoactorprocessofpreparingpreparedness指有所准备的状态，而preparations则指作准备的行动或过程。,5.businesswassufferingarecessionthatpreventedtheopeningupofnewjobs(depression),recessionanddepressionarebotheuphemistictermsreferringtorecurringeconomiccrisisincapitalistcountries.Recessionsoundsmilderthandepressionanddepressionmilderthancrisis.recession和depression同为婉转语，指资本主义国家经常出现的经济危机。recession比depression委婉些，而depression又比crisis委婉些。,6.Theirenergieshadbeenwhippedupandtheirnaivetdestroyedbythewar(innocence),Naiveimpliesagenuine,innocentsimplicityorlackofartificialitybutsometimesconnotesanalmostfoolishlackofworldlywisdom.Innocentimplieslackofguiltorcunning,ordoingorthinkingnothingmorallywrong.naive指真正的单纯或没有人为的痕迹，但有时又含有愚蠢、缺乏社会知识的意思。innocent指无罪，不会耍花样，或不做、不想不道德的事。,7.Instead,theirideashadbeengenerallyignored(disregarded),ignoresuggestsdeliberatedisregarding,sometimesthroughstubbornrefusaltofacethefacts(Butyouignorethenecessityforaction).Disregardimpliesinattentionorneglect,usuallyintentional(Healwaysdisregardsherwishes).ignore意为故意视而不见，有时表现为拒不接受事实。disregard意为不注意或疏忽，常常是有意的。,8.therewaslittleremedyforthesensitivemindbuttoemigratetoEurope(migrate),migratedenotesamovingfromoneregionorcountrytoanotherandmayimply,ofpeople,intensiontosettleinanewland,or,ofanimals,aperiodicalmovementinfluencedbyclimate,foodsupply,etc.Emigrateandimmigrateareusedonlyofpeople,emigratespecificallydenotingtheleavingofacountrytosettleinanother.migrate意为从一地区、一国家迁移到另一地区、另一国家。指人时，意为迁往外地定居，指动物时，意为出于气候原因和食物供给等进行季节性迁移。emigrate和immigrate仅用于人，emigrate具体指人离开一个国家到另一个国家定居。,C1.wehadreachedaninternationalstaturethatwouldforeverpreventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialmoralityorthegeographicalprotectionofourtwoborderingoceans.Wehavebecomeaworldpowersowecannolongerinouractionjustfollowtheprinciplesofrightandwrongasacceptedinoutowncountry,norcanweremainisolatedgeographically,protectedbytheAtlanticandPacificoceans,2.thisonelasteduntilthemoneyranout,untilthecrashoftheworldeconomicstructureattheendofthedecadecalledthepartytoahaltandforcedtherevellerstosoberupandfacetheproblemsofthenewageTheGreatEconomicDepressionwhichstartedintheUnitedStatesin1929broughttheyoungescapistsbacktotheirsensesandstoppedthewild，riotouslivestheywereliving,3.Asitbecamemoreandmorefashionablethroughoutthecountryforyoungpersonstodefythelawandconventionsandtoaddtheirownlittlematchstickstotheconflagrationofflamingyouth,itwasGreenwichVillagethatfannedtheflames.,Manyotheryoungpeoplebegantointensifyandspreadthisrevoltoftheyoungbytheirownmisdeeds(breakingthelawandlivingunconventionallives).TheyoungintellectualslivinginGreenwichVillagehelpedtokeep