综合英语4Unit2SpaceInvaders

Unit2,TextISpaceInvaders,Pre-readingQuestions,1.Whatdoes“personalspace”meaninyourmind?2.HaveyoueverhadexperiencewhenyoufeltyourPSwasbeinginvaded?Whatsyourfeeling?3.WhohaveastrongersenseofPS,ChineseorWesterners?,personalspace,Itreferstotheamountofareaavailableforpersonaluseanditisoftenregardedasapersonaldomainorterritory.Whenthisterritoryisinvaded,itsownerwillfeeluncomfortableoreventhreatened.,Backgroundinformation:1.Aboutthetext:ThistextwasoriginallypublishedinNewYorkeronJuly24,1993.laterin2001itappearedagaininThePrincetonAnthologyofWriting:FavoritePiecesbytheFerriesWritersatPrincetonUniversity.Abouttheauthor:RichardStengelisaseniorwriterworkingforTimemagazine.,3.Malthusianlogic:thetheoriesoftheBritisheconomistThomasRobertMalthus(1766-1843),whichstatethatpopulationincreasesfasterthanthemeansofsubsistenceunlesswar,famine,ordiseaseintervenesoreffortsaremadetolimitpopulation.4.LongIsland:anislandinsoutheasternNewYork.TheNewYorkcityboroughsofBrooklynandQueensareatitswestend.,LanguageWork,snake:moveinatwistingwayThetrainwassnakingitswaythroughthemountains.Sometiredvelvetropes:someslackenedvelvetropesinch:moveveryslowlyandcarefullyHowardinchedthevanforward.,Shuffle:walkbydraggingonesfeetalongorwithoutliftingthemfullyfromthegroundHeslippedonhisshoesandshuffledoutoftheroom.shufflesth.off:avoidtalkingorthinkingaboutsth.becauseitisnotconsideredimportantHeshuffledthequestionoffandchangedthetopic.,ring:aquality,oranimpressionofhavingthequalitythatismentionedHerstoryhasaringoftruthaboutit.Thebookshementionedhadafamiliarringaboutthem.penetrate:succeedinforcingthroughsth.Theypenetratedintotheterritorywherenomanhadeverbeenbefore.,Wedge:forceintoanarrowspaceSheopenedthedoorwideandwedgeditwithapadofnewspaper.“donttreadonme”couldhavebeencoinedonlybysomeonewithaspread:P5“dontstepintomyspace”.Thiscouldhavebeensaidonlybyapersonwhohasalargepersonalspace.,Personalspaceispsychological,notphysical:ithaslesstodowiththespaceoutsideusthanourinnerspace:personalspaceismoreapsychologicalmatterthanaphysicalone.Beproportionalto:increaseordecreaseatthesamerateastheotherthingTheoutputshouldbeproportionaltotheinput.,StructuralAnalysis,Thewriterpointsoutthefactthatnowadayspeoplearemoreandmoreconcernedaboutthemselvesandwanttohavealargerpersonalspacethandecadesago,andthenheanalysesthecausesofspaceinvasion.Itcanbedividedintothreeparts.,StructuralAnalysis,Part1(1-2):thewritercallsthereadersattentiontotheinvasionofPSbyrelatinganexperienceofhowhisPSwasinvaded.Part2(3-7):heanalyzessomelikelycausesoftheshrinkageofPS,andattributestheinvasiontothegeneraldeclineofgoodmanners.Part3(8-9):hepresentshisviewabouttheessenceofPS,itispsychologicalratherthanphysical,andurgespeopleto“expandthecontractingboundariesofPS”.,PartIparagraph1-2,Thefollowingquestionmaybeasked:Howdidtheauthordescribetheviolationofpersonalspacethathappenedinabank?aseriesofverbphrasesandadverbialstovividlydescribetheprocessandpeoplesreaction.,Untillhugger-muggerSlinky.Untillwewereallpushingagainsteachother,leavingthelineindisorder.lazyline:personification,slothful,sluggish,idle,Thephrasehasaquaint,seventiesringtoit.hasanoldtouchthatwascharacteristicofthe1970s./soundsold-fashionedandremindsoneofthe1970s.,PartIIparagraph3-7,Thefollowingquestionscouldbeasked:Is“personalspace”aphraseoftheseventies?Isitoutofdatenowadays?Whyorwhynot?DoyouagreewiththeauthoraboutthereasonsofspaceinvasiongiveninParagraph4?Whatotherfactorshavecausedit?Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“personalspaceismostlyapublicmatter”?Dospaceinvadersrespectotherpeoplespersonalspace?,T-shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluringP4Inhotsummerdays,peoplecanbedrawntoeachother,esp.totheoppositesexorfeeldisgustedwiththeclosenessofothers(moveawayfromthoseunpleasantsmellofperspiration).T-shirtweather:metonymy借代/换喻Heisatrueblue.faithfulperson,Orperhapstheincreasingisinfusingintojanglinglocalscannolongerkeeptothemselves.P4attractmoreandmorepeople,whoarestimulatedandexcitedbythecaffeinetheytakein,sothattheybecomeeagertomeetothersandnolongerwanttoremaininprivate.,weallowallkindsofinvasions(Humanitywouldntexistwithoutthem.)P5privatelyweallowpeoplewithwhomwehavecloserelationshipstoenterourPSinavarietyofways.(Indeed,intheabsenceofsexualintimacynoneofuswouldbehere.),Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography.P5Peopleindifferentregionsaregivendifferentsizesofpersonalspace.,IvenoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkof.,mini-territorialexpansionistswhoseizepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny.P7Ivenoticedthattheproblemofspaceinvasionhasbecomemoreandmoreserious,andspaceinvaders,actinginthewayterritorialexpansionistsusuallydo,takeitforgrantedthattheyhavetherighttoseizepublicspace.,stakeaclaimto:makeaclaimtoindividualsroutinelycommandeerP7Itisquitecommonthatonepersonoccupiesaboothandasetoffacingseatsdesignedforfourpeople.,PartIIIparagraph8-9,Questionstobeasked:Doyouagreewiththewritersviewthatthecontractionoftheouterpersonalspaceisproportionaltotheexpansionoftheinnerspaceofmodernman?Whydoestheauthordecidetoexpandhiscontractingboundariesofpersonalspace?,thebreezefromabutterflyswingsJapanproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia.P9TheauthorhopesthathisownstandagainsttheshrinkageofPS,assmallinitself,willeventuallyhaveadramaticeffectinthesamewayasthebreezefromabutterflyswingsinJapan,ifitinitiatesachainofwaves,mayeventuallyproduceatidalwavein,Conclusion,TheauthorlooksatthecausesofspaceinvasioninParagraph4.Heattributesthisphenomenontopopulationexplosionfirst,thentothehotweatherandthestimulationofcaffeine,geography.Heexaminesthenatureofspaceinvasionandthinksthatspaceinvasionisapublicmatter.Itismorepsychologicalthanphysical.,RhetoricalFeatures,Listedbelowaretheverbsusedbytheauthortogiveavividandaccuratedescriptionofthebehaviorofthespaceinvaders1)Verbsusedtodescribedthebehaviorofspaceinvaders:inch,wedge,zigzag,jostle,refuse,press,bump,etc.2)Verbsusedtodescribethereactionofthosewhosespaceisbeinginvaded:advanced,sidle,shuffle,Vocabulary:1.drooping;loosened;slackened2.tone;sound3.alreadyover-stimulated/relentlesslocalpeople/residents4.unfriendliness;cold-shouldering5.membershipofagroupoforganization,1.sidledup2.carveout雕刻，创业，开拓3.attributeto4.stakeaclaimto5.treadontheirtoes6.plowedinto7.isproportionaltoprogress8.breathingdowntheirnecks,1.liferatesintoasuccessionof5.lamentably6.inanexpansivemood7.asamatterofroutine8.belesssusceptibletoshrinkageDABDCBAB,1.significantly/considerably/incautiously2.shrinking/receding/lessening3.private/personal/individual4.give/present/confer5.tightened/tense/rigid6.recently/currently7.old-fashioned/odd/antiquated8.uncomfortable/nervous/upset,1.promotion2.endure3.willingly4.canceled5.themostimportantthing6.moderatelywarm,1.Thepigeonwaswedgedintheforkofabranchanditfellafterawhile.2.Thepaymentthatthemotoristwillhavetomakeisproportionaltothedamagehehasdonetotheotherpersonscar.3.Youcanonlyenterthecavebyinchingthroughanarrowtunnelonyourstomach.4.Shestammeredsomeapologyforenteringmyofficewithoutknockingasshesidledtowardsthedoor.,5.HetookpainstoexplaintomethatIwasbeingdismissednotbecauseIdidntdomyworkwell