中考英语阅读理解解题技巧.ppt

阅读理解解题技巧,阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,1理解主旨和要义2理解文中的具体位置3根据上下文推断生词的词义4作出判断和推理5理解文章的基本结构6理解作者的意图观点和态度,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词义猜测型,命题类,推理判断型,StepTwo:HowtoDealingwiththeProblemsonReadingComprehension,一、主旨大意题（做题要领）,1.干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。,2.干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,3.干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,阅读理解基础训练,BasicTraining,-主旨大意题,OntheInternet,wecanreadnewsathomeandabroadandgetasmuchinformationaswecan.Weoftensende-mailsormaketelephonecallstoourfamiliesaswellastoourfriendsbyInternet.Whatsmore,wecangotoschoolonthenet,readalotofbooksandeventeachourselvesforeignlanguages.Wealsoenjoymusic,watchballmatchesonthenetandplaycomputergames.Withthehelpofthenet,wecandoshoppingevenwithoutleavingourhomes.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.,Whatsthemainideaofthepassage？_A.KeepawayfromtheInternet.B.Surfthenet.C.TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinourdailylife.D.WecanentertainourselvesontheInternet.,文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,阅读理解基础训练,BasicTraining,-事实细节型,Britishnewspapersaremuchsmallerthantheyusedtobeandtheirreadersareofteninahurry,sonewspapermenwriteasfewwordsaspossible.Theytelltheirreadersatoncewhathappened,where,whenandhowithappenedandwhatwastheresult:howmanypeoplewerekilled,whatchangewasdoneandsoon.Readerswantthefact(事实)setoutasfullyandaccuratelyaspossible.,1.Fromthetext,welearnthatnewspapermenwriteasfewwordsaspossible,becausereaders_.A.wanttoknowmoreaboutthenewsB.takenointerestinwhathashappenedC.havenotimetoreadthenewscarefullyD.paymuchattentiontotheresult,AyoungmanaskedAlbertEinstein,thegreatGermanscientist,whatthesecretofsuccessis.Thescientisttoldhimthatthesecretofsuccessishardwork.,1.Accordingtothepassage，Theyoungman_.A.wantedtomeetEinsteinB.wantedtobeagreatscientistlikeEinsteinC.waseager(渴望)toknowthesecretofsuccessD.wantedtobeastudentofEinstein,同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法等,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。,做题要领,阅读理解基础训练,BasicTraining,-词义猜测型,Afewdayslatertheyoungmanaskedthesamequestionagain.Einsteinwasveryannoyed.Hedidnotsayanything,butwroteafewwordsonapieceofpaper.Onitwaswritten:A=X+Y+Z.“Whatdoesthismean?”askedtheyoungman.“Ameans“success”explainedtheoldscientist.“Xstandsforhardwork,Yforgoodmethod(方法)andZmeansstoptalkingandgetdowntowork.”,1.Theword“annoyed”means_.A.angryB.sadC.lovelyD.glad,推理判断题：中考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?,阅读理解基础训练,BasicTraining,-推理判断型,Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.1.Ifyougetupat6:30am,whatisthebesttimeforyoutotakeanap?（2016,天津，E）About12:30B.About1:30C.About2:30D.About3:30,Fourpassengerswerekilledand39othersinjuredearlySundayafterabustravelingsouthonBeijing-ZhuhaiFreewaybrokethroughaguardrailandfelloffacliff.TrafficpoliceinShaoguanCity,southChinasGuangdongProvince,saidthebuscarried43passengers.ItsetofffromNanyang,acityincentralChinasHenanProvince,at10a.m.SaturdayheadedforDongguaninGuangdong.AllthepassengerswereresidentsfromZhenpingCountyinNanyangCity.Theaccidenthappenedaround3:46a.m.Sundaywhenthedriverattemptedtoavoidhittinganunidentifiedobjectinfrontofthebus.Youcanclickthelinkandwatchthevideotoknowmoreabouttheaccident.,3.Whereisthispassagetake