虚拟语气PPT课件

-,1,SubjunctiveMood,虚拟语气,-,2,英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。,1.陈述语气(TheIndicativeMood):用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。3.虚拟语气,-,3,定义:,虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,虚拟语气的主要内容:,一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气(if引导)二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气,一.If条件句,did（be动词必须were）,haddone,didshould+V原wereto+V原,would/should/could/might+havedone,would/should/could/might+V原,would/should/could/might+V原,IfIhadtimenow,weshouldreaditagain.Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.Iftheyhadknownheraddress,theywouldhavewrittentoher.,要结合主从句谓语动词和时间状语或者该动作发生的时间,例如:与将来事实相反,IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Iwouldgotoseemyfriendsthere.Ifsheshouldcome,Ishouldaskherforhelp.Ifyouweretofailtocatchthetrain,youmighttakethebus.,1.IfIhadenoughmoney,IwouldgoonatriptoShanghai.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldstudyEnglishveryhard.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,判断下列句子表示与什么时候事实相反。,5.Ifweshouldhavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.6.Ifwehadthreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.,与将来事实相反,(should不能省略),考题点击（一）：Iamnotfreetoday.IfI_freetoday,I_andvisitsomeofmyfriends.A.amwillgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbeD.be,mustgo2.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented,3.Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thesportsmeeting_.A.wouldputoffB.willputoffC.wouldbeputoffD.willbeputoff4.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot,考题点击（二）：IfI_(be)you,Iwouldgetupearlyinthemorning.Ifyou_(ask)him,hemighttellyou.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_(come),shewouldhavemetmybrother.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he_thepianolastweek.,asked,were,hadcome,(shouldask/weretoask),wouldhavebought,5.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_（have）time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.6.IfIhadhadthemoneylastyear,I_(buy)acar.,had,wouldhavebought,注意：1.省略if的虚拟条件句,Ifhehadcaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.Hadhecaughtthemorningtrain,如果if引导的虚拟条件句中（从句）有were,had或should，可以省略if，把这些词放在主语前，形成倒装句。,(1)IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher.=ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.(万一)(2)IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.=WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.,2.错综时间条件句,1)IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,hewouldbeabletospeakitmuchbetternow.2)Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldntbestandinghereinaqueue.（主句无明显的时间标志词）,当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间来调整。,1.Ifyouhadmethimyesterday,you_(know)whattodonow.2.Ifhe_(prepare)wellforhislessonsyesterday,hewouldnthavesomanydifficultiesnow.3.Ifyouhadfinishedwritingthebooklastmonth,it_(be)publishednextmonth.4.Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyou_myadvice.,练习：,wouldknow,hadprepared,hadtaken,wouldbe,3.含蓄条件句,1)Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewouldhavenowheretostaynow.2)Withouthiswartimeexperiences,HemingwaywouldnthavewrittenhisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.3)Butfortheirhelp,wecouldntgetoverthedifficulties.,有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用without,with,butfor等介词(短语)，或者用but,or,otherwise等词，或者用不定式或分词短语等来表示虚拟条件。,without,otherwise/or,butfor,1.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_(be)quitedifferenttoday.,Iftherewerenoelectricity,2.ButfortheParty,he_(die)ofhunger30yearsago.,IftherehadntbeentheParty,he.,wouldhavedied,wouldbe,3.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_(attend)yourbirthdayparty.,IfIhadntbeenbusy,I,wouldhaveattended,练习：,haddone,did(were),对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,could+havedone,4.ifonly从句ifonly若是.那该多好啊,would/could/might+动词原形,对将来虚拟,IfonlyMarxwerestillbymysidetoseethiswithhisowneyes.Ifonlyshecouldhavelivedalittlelonger.Ifonlyshehadlivedalittlelonger.3.Ifonlyhehadarrivedintime.,onlyif表示“只有”Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.,一坚持，两命令，个建议，个要求。,1.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用,WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners_(kill)thenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,bekilled,注意:suggest表暗示表明时insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气,Theteacherinsistedthatthelittleboywasnotaliar.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill.,2.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。1)与现在事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)IwishIwereashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhadaplane.2)与过去事实相反:wish+(that)+haddoneIwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.3)与将来事实相反:wish+would/could/might+doIwishhewouldforgiveme.,三、主语从句中的虚拟语气,1.Itis+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+,过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,demanded,arranged,desired,advised,Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.Itssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.,2.Itis+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange，surprising,Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.Itsimportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.Howstrangethatyoushouldnothaveheardit!Itisquitenaturalthatsheshouldsucceed.,3.Itis+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that+(should)+动词原形+,Itseemssuchapitythatyoushouldhavetospendthedayatthehotel.,Itisaburningshamethatlittlechildrenshouldhavetobeginthestreet.,Itisnowonderthatsheshouldnotwritetoyou.,四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气,在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。,Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.,Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.,考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_(try)oncemoresoundsreasonable.2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey_(help)eachother.3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople_(send)theretohelpme.,try,help,besent,asif/asthough,haddone,did(were),Would/could/might+动词原形,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,对将来虚拟,五、状语从句中的虚拟语气,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shetakescareoftheorphanasifhewereherownchild.Itissocoolasifitwereautumn.Itlooksasifitmightrain.,1.wouldratherthat,现在：过去：未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,did,did,haddone,六.虚拟语气特殊句型,2.Its(about/high)time+that,shoulddo,did,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,should不能省略,注意:此句型与下面的句型的区别:,ItistimeforsomebodytodosthItisthefirsttimethat从句现在完成时Itwasthefirsttimethat从句过去完成时,Practice,Matchthebeginningofeachsentencewiththeappropriateending.,P132,P133,Fillintheblanksusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.,hadpaid,wouldnothavemissed,wouldlend,had,won,wouldspend,didntwrite,wouldspend,were,wouldtakeiteasy,hadbeen,wouldhavefelt,-,39,1.IfMr.Dewey_(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.(2014湖南)2._(catch)themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.(2014天津)3.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey_(come)toourhelp.(2014浙江),hadbeen,Hadhecaught,wouldhavecome,实战高考,-,40,5.IfI_(see)itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldnthavebelievedit.(2015北京)6.Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway_(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.(2015重庆),hadntseen,wouldnthavewritten,4.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_(do)it?(2014重庆),haddone,-,41,8.Ifit_(be)forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.(2016江苏),hadnotbeen,9.Someclassmatessuggestwe_(go)toplacesofinterestnearby.(2016全国二卷),shouldgo,7.Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble_(Iknow)theschedule.(2015江苏),hadIknown,-,42,10.Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeaths_(fall)sincetheirhighestin2005.(2016浙江),wouldnothavefallen,11.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,he_(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.(2016天津),wouldhavebeen,Translation.,如果昨天不看这个电视连续剧，我现在就不会打瞌睡！IfIhadntwatchedtheTVplayseriallastnight,Iwoul