2016年12月六级考试题目答案第三套

16.12.32016年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)PartWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayoncreation.Youressayshouldincludetheimportanceofcreationandmeasurestobetakentoencouragecreation.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartListeningComprehension(30minutes)（说明：由于2016年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Smallcommunities,withtheirdistinctivecharacter-wherelifeisstableandintenselyhumanaredisappearing.Somehave26fromthefaceoftheearth,othersaredyingslowly,butallhave27changesastheyhavecomeintocontactwithan28machinecivilization.Themergingofdiversepeoplesintoacommonmasshasproducedtensionamongmembersoftheminoritiesandthemajorityalike.TheOldOrderAmish,whoarrivedonAmericanshoresincolonialtimes,have29inthemodemworldindistinctive,smallcommunities.Theyhaveresistedthehomogenization30moresuccessfullythanothers.Inplantingandharvesttimeonecanseetheirbeardedmenworkingthefieldswithhorsesandtheirwomenhangingoutthelaundryinneatrowstodry.ManyAmericanpeoplehaveseenAmishfamilies,withthemenwearingbroad-brimmedblackhatsandthewomeninlongdresses,inrailwayorbus31AlthoughtheAmishhavelivedwith32Americaforovertwoandahalfcenturies,theyhavemoderateditsinfluenceontheirpersonallives,theirfamilies,communities,andtheirvalues.TheAmishareoften33byotherAmericanstoberelicsofthepastwholiveasimple,inflexiblelifededicatedtoinconvenientout-datedcustoms.Theyareseenasabandoningbothmodem34andtheAmericandreamofsuccessandprogress.ButmostpeoplehavenoquarrelwiththeAmishfordoingthingstheold-fashionedway.Theirconscientiousobjectionwastoleratedinwartime,forafterall,theyaregoodfarmerswho35thevirtuesofworkandthrift.A.accessingB.conveniencesC.destinedD.expandingE.industrializedF.perceivedG.practiceH.processI.progressJ.respectiveK.survivedL.terminalsM.undergoneN.universalO.vanishedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CountriesRushforUpperHandinAntarcticaAOnaglacier-filledislandwithfjords(峡湾)andelephantseals,RussiahasbuiltAntarcticasfirstOrthodoxchurchonahilloverlookingitsresearchbase.Lessthananhourawaybysnowmobile,ChineselabourershaveupdatedtheGreatWallStation,avitalpartofChinasplantooperatefivebasesonAntarctica,completewithanindoorbadmintoncourtandsleepingquartersfor150people.Nottobeoutdone,IndiasfuturisticnewBharathibase,builtonstilts(桩子)using134interlockingshippingcontainers,resemblesaspaceship.TurkeyandIranhaveannouncedplanstobuildbases,too.BMorethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtoplanttheirflagsatthebottomoftheworld,andfordecadestocomethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandmining.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandcommercialopportunitiesthatalreadyexist.CThenewerplayersaresteppingintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresourcesthatarealreadyupforgrabs,likeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of-the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill(磷虾),foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworldslargestoceansanctuarieshere.DSomescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforharvestingicebergsfromAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwaterontheplanet.Nationsarealsopressingaheadwithspaceresearchandsatelliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigationabilities.EBuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica,partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsareplannedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity.FElsewhereinAntarctica,RussianresearchersboastoftheirrecentdiscoveryofafreshwaterreservethesizeofLakeOntarioafterdrillingthroughmilesofsolidice.Youcanseethatwereheretostay,saidVladimirCheberdak,57,chiefoftheBellingshausenStation,ashesippedteaunderaportraitofFabianGottliebyonBellingshausen,ahigh-rankingofficerintheImperialRussianNavywhoexploredtheAntarcticcoastin1820.GAntarcticasmineral,oilandgaswealtharealonger-teamprize.Thetreatybanningmininghere,shieldingcoveted(令人垂涎的)reservesofironore,coalandchromium,comesupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite(金伯利岩)depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistsestimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnaturalgas.HBeyondtheAntarctictreaties,hugeobstaclespersisttotappingtheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardiseoffshoreplatforms.ThenthereisAntarcticasremoteness,withsomemineraldepositsfoundinwindsweptlocationsonacontinentthatislargerthanEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.IButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaccessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateAntarcticastreaties,possiblyallowingmorecommercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgeIslandofferaglimpseintothelonggameonthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,erodingtheswaylongheldbycountriesliketheUnitedStates,Britain,AustraliaandNewZealand.JBeingstationedinAntarcticainvolvesadaptingtolifeontheplanetsdriest,windiestandcoldestcontinent,yeteachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40inthewarmersummermonths.Chinahasarguablythefastest-growingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopeneditsfourthstationlastyearandispressingaheadwithplanstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisoneoftheplanetscoldestplaces.ChineseofficialssaytheexpansioninAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch,buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsaboutresourcesecurityinfluencetheirmoves.KChinasnewlyrenovatedGreatWallStationonKingGeorgeIslandmakestheRussianandChileanbaseshereseemoutdated.Wedoweathermonitoringhereandotherresearch,NingXu,53,thechiefoftheChinesebase,saidoverteaduringafierceblizzard(baofengxuE.inlateNovember.Thelargebaseheleadsresemblesasnowed-incollegecampusonholidaybreak,withthecapacitytosleepmorethan10timesthe13peoplewhowerestayingonthroughtheAntarcticwinter.YongYu,aChinesemicrobiologist,showedoffthespaciousbuilding,withemptydesksunderanillustratedtimelinedetailingtherapidgrowthofChinasAntarcticoperationssincethe1980s.Wenowfeelequippedtogrow,hesaid.LAssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsthreeyear-roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1,000peopleduringthesouthernhemispheressummer,includingthoseattheAmundsen-Scottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonaplateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlycomplainaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakersthanRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinAntarctica.MScholarswarnthatAntarcticaspoliticaldriftcouldblurthedistinctionbetweenmilitaryandcivilianactivitieslongbeforethecontinentstreatiescomeupforrenegotiation,especiallyinpartsofAntarcticathatareidealforintercepting(拦截)signalsfromsatellitesorretaskingsatellitesystems,potentiallyenhancingglobalelectronicintelligenceoperations.NSomecountrieshavehadahardtimehere.Brazilopenedaresearchstationin1984,butitwaslargelydestroyedbyafirethatkilledtwomembersofthenavyin2012,thesameyearthatadiesel-ladenBrazilianbargesanknearthebase.Asifthatwerenotenough,aBrazilianC-130HerculesmilitarytransportplanehasremainedstrandedneartherunwayofChilesairbaseheresinceitcrash-landedin2014.OHowever,BrazilsstretchofmisfortunehascreatedopportunitiesforChina,withaChinesecompanywinningthe$100millioncontractin2015torebuildtheBrazilianstation.PAmidallthechanges,Antarcticamaintainsitsallure.SouthKoreaopeneditssecondAntarcticresearchbasein2014,describingitasawaytotestrobotsdevelopedbyKoreanresearchersforuseinextremeconditions.WithRussiashelp,BelarusispreparingtobuilditsfirstAntarcticbase.ColombiasaidthisyearthatitplannedtojoinotherSouthAmericannationswithbasesinAntarctica.QTheolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean,AustralasianandNorthAmericanstatesareover,saidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLondonwhospecialisesinAntarctica.TherealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallycontested.36.AccordingtoChineseofficials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificresearch.37.EffortstocreateoneoftheworldslargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseofRussiasobstruction.38.WithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmericasdominanceinthefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.39.Accordingtogeologistsestimates,Antarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnaturalgas.40.ItisestimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateronearth.41.ThedemandforenergyresourcesmaycompelrenegotiationofAntarcticastreatiesbeforetheirexpiration.42.ManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica.43.Antarcticasharshnaturalconditionsconstitutehugeobstaclestotheexploitationofitsresources.44.Withcompetitionfrommanycountries,Antarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhitenations.45.AmericanscientistscomplainaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninAntarctica.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anyveterannicotineaddictwilltestifythatfancypackagingplaysnoroleinthedecisiontokeepsmoking.So,itisargued,strippingcartonsoftheirbrandingwilltriggernomassmovementtoquit.Butthatisntwhythegovernment-underpressurefromcancercharities,healthworkersandtheLabourparty-hasagreedtolegislateforstandardisedpackaging.Thetheoryisthatsmokingshouldbestrippedofanyappealtodiscouragenewgenerationsfromstartinginthefirstplace.Plainpackagingwouldbeanotherstepinthereclassificationofcigarettesfrominvitingconsumerproductstonarcotics(麻醉剂).Naturally,thetobaccoindustryisviolentlyopposed.Nobusinesslikestoadmitthatitsellsaddictivepoisonasalifestylechoice.Thatiswhygovernmenthashistoricallyintervened,banningadvertising,imposinghealthwarningsandpunitive(惩罚性的)duties.Thisapproachhasledovertimetoafallinsmokingwithnumbershavingroughlyhalvedsincethe1970s.EvidencefromAustraliasuggestsplainpackagingpushessocietyfurtheralongthatroad.SincetobaccoisoneofthebiggestcausesofprematuredeathintheUK,ameasurethattamesthehabitevenbyafractionisworthtrying.Sowhyhasittakensolong?TheDepartmentofHealthdeclareditsintentiontoconsiderthemoveinNovember2010andconsultedthrough2012.ButtheplanwassuspendedinJuly2013.ItdidnotescapenoticethatalobbyingfirmsetupbyLyntonCrosby,DavidCameronselectioncampaigndirector,hadpreviouslyactedforPhilipMorrisInternational.(Theprimeministerdeniedtherewasaconnectionbetweenhisnewadvisersoutsideinterestsandthechangeinlegislativeprogramme.)InNovember2013,afteranunnecessaryroundofadditionalconsultation,healthministerJaneEllisonsaidthegovernmentwasmindedtoproceedafterall.NowwearetoldMembersofParliament(MPs)willhaveafreevotebeforeparliamentisdissolvedinMarch.Parliamenthasinfactalreadyauthorisedthegovernmenttotamethetobaccotrade.MPsvotedoverwhelminglyinfavourofLabouramendmentstothechildrenandfamiliesbilllastFebruarythatincludedthepowertoregulateforplainpackaging.WithsufficientwillinDowningStreetthiswouldhavebeendonealready.ButstrengthofwillisthemissingingredientwhereMr.Cameronandpublichealthareconcerned.Hisattitudetostateinterventionhaslookedconfusedeversincehisbizarre2006lament(叹惜)thatchocolateorangesplacedseductivelyatsupermarketcheckoutsfueledobesity.Thegovernmenthasmovedreluctantlyintoasensiblepublichealthpolicy,butwithsuchobviousover-cautiousnessthatanypoliticalcreditduebelongstotheopposition.WithoutsustainedexternalpressureitseemscertainMr.Cameronwouldstillbehookedontheinterestsofbigtobaccocompanies.46. Whatdochainsmokersthinkofcigarettepackaging?A.Fancypackagingcanhelptoengagenewsmokers.B.Ithaslittletodowiththequalityortasteofcigarettes.C.Plainpackagingdiscouragesnon-smokersfromtakingupsmoking.D.Ithaslittleimpactontheirdecisionwhetherornottoquitsmoking.47. WhathastheUKgovernmentagreedtodoconcerningtobaccopackaging?A.Passalawtostandardisecigarettepackaging.B.Ridcigarettecartonsofalladvertisements.C.Subsidisecompaniestoadoptplainpackaging.D.Reclassifycigarettesaccordingtopackaging.48.WhathashappenedinAustraliawhereplainpackagingisimplemented?A.Prematuredeathratesresultingfromsmokinghavedeclined.B.ThenumberofsmokershasdroppedmoresharplythanintheUK.C.Thesalesoftobaccosubstituteshaveincreasedconsiderably.D.CigarettesaleshavebeenfallingfarmorequicklythanintheUK.49. WhyhasittakensolongfortheUKgovernmenttoconsiderplainpackaging?A.PrimeMinisterCameronhasbeenreluctanttotakeaction.B.Thereisstrongoppositionfromveterannicotineaddicts.C.ManyMembersofParliamentareaddictedtosmoking.D.Pressurefromtobaccomanufacturersremainsstrong.50.WhatdidCameronsayaboutchocolateorangesatsupermarketcheckouts?A.Theyfueledalotofcontroversy.B.Theyattractedalotofsmokers.C.TheymademoreBritishpeopleobese.D.Theyhadcertainingredientsmissing.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatawasteofmoney!Inreturnforanaverageof44,000ofdebt,studentsgetanaverageofonly14hoursoflectureandtutorialtimeaweekinBritain.Annualfeeshaverisenfrom1,000to9,000inthelastdecade,butcontacttimeatuniversityhasbarelyrisenatall.Andgraduatingdoesntevenprovideanyguaranteeofadecentjob:sixintengraduatestodayareinnon-graduatejobs.Nowonderithasbecomefashionabletodenouncemanyuniversitiesaslittlemorethanelaboratecon-tricks(骗术).Theresalotforstudentstocomplainabout:therepaymentthresholdforpayingbackloanswillbefrozenforfiveyears,meaningthatlower-paidgraduateshavetostartrepayingtheirloans;andmaintenancegrantshavebeenreplacedbyloans,meaningthatstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsfacehigherdebtthanthosewithwealthierparents.Yetitstillpaystogotouniversity.Ifgoingtouniversitydoesntworkou