2020版高考英语二轮复习专题强化练（三）（含解析）.docx

专题强化练(三)阅读理解之主旨大意题Passage 1(2019山东青岛高三模拟)If a family member blames you for something you have done, it is important to be careful about how you defend yourself.It is not a good idea to use ways that cause hurt, even if they would help you make a valid point.If you can think of an instance where the other person has done exactly what they accuse you of, for example, it would not be good manners to throw it in their face.You should only bring it up if you dont have a choice.Then, you should make sure that you do it respectfully.Even if a family member intentionally goes against reasonable wishes you may have, you should understand that people see even the most fundamental things in very different ways.Remember that people are different.If you consider any noise after midnight to be intolerable, for example, others may see it is completely acceptable.It can take them a great deal of time to change their behavior for a demand that they do not understand.Think about the family conflicts that you are worried about now.Check to see if your parents had similar problems.People who grow up with parents who fight unfairly often repeat the same behavior.Consider changing the unfair habits that you grew up with.Understand that memories tend to change.In longstanding family disputes, all parties involved tend to have completely different recollections of the original problem.Families are a curious conceptwhile family members often feel nothing but annoyed for one another, they will also often be there for them if they should ever be in serious trouble.When you feel resentment for someone, think about how far you would go for them if they happened to be in trouble.It could help soften you.Think about how you care for the other person.1Which of the following does the author agree with according to the first paragraph?ATo fight back to defend yourself.BTo target the problem, not the person.CTo deal with a man as he deals with you.DTo hurt each other when angry.2What does the underlined word “resentment” in the last paragraph mean?ACuriosity. BKindness.CConcern. DAnger.3Which of the following statements may the author approve of?AFamily members share the same memories over family disputes.BParents should set a good example in a family.CIts easy for people to agree on different ideas.DYou can defend yourself by throwing facts back.4What is the best title of the passage ?AThink about how you care for other persons.BLearn to concern about family members.CHow to deal with family conflicts wisely.DLearn to accept each other in a family.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何明智地解决家庭冲突？1解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you can think of an instance where the other person has done exactly what they accuse you of, for example, it would not be good manners to throw it in their face.”(比如，如果家庭成员指责你不应该这样做，而你却回想到他/她以前也这么做过，这时候讲出这件事打他们的脸则是不礼貌的做法。)可以推断出，我们要就事论事，不针对个人。故选B。答案：B2解析：词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“.while family members often feel nothing but annoyed for one another, they will also often be there for them if they should ever be in serious trouble.”中的annoyed提示，和后句“think about how far you would go for them if they happened to be in trouble.It could help soften you.”(请想一想：如果他/她陷入麻烦，你会怎么做？这会让你缓和对他/她的态度)，从而可以猜测出resentment为“怨恨”之意。故选D。答案：D3解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“People who grow up with parents who fight unfairly often repeat the same behavior.”可知，如果父母总是争吵，在这种情况下成长的人往往也会重复同样的行为。从而可以推断，父母应该在家庭中树立一个好榜样。故选B。答案：B4解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If a family member blames you for something you have done, it is important to be careful about how you defend yourself.”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍如何明智地解决家庭冲突，故选C。答案：CPassage 2(2018全国卷，B篇)Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11.“We love Mexican churros，so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份)，but Matt makes them for 26p a portion，because they are flour，water，sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eightpart series(系列节目)，Save Money：Good Food，follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money：Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense，Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24What do we know about Susanna Reid?AShe enjoys embarrassing her guests.BShe has started a new programme.CShe dislikes working early in the morning.DShe has had a tight budget for her family.25How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?AHe buys cooking materials for her.BHe prepares food for her kids.CHe assists her in cooking matters.DHe invites guest families for her.26What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?ASummarize the previous paragraphs.BProvide some advice for the readers.CAdd some background information.DIntroduce a new topic for discussion.27What can be a suitable title for the text?AKeeping Fit by Eating SmartBBalancing Our Daily DietCMaking Yourself a Perfect ChefDCooking Well for Less【语篇解读】本文介绍了英国的一档名为Save Money：Good Food的电视节目。主持人Susanna Reid和厨师Matt Tebbutt向观众介绍如何少花钱做出营养丰富的、可口的食物。24解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“. she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.”可知，苏珊娜瑞德在她的最新角色中起劲儿地炒菜做饭向家庭展示如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜，由此可知，她推出了新的节目。A项曲解文意，第一段中提到苏珊娜习惯在节目中追问嘉宾，但这并不意味着她喜欢使嘉宾尴尬。C项颠倒是非，根据“is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning”可知，她习惯了主持早间节目。D项曲解文意，文中说的是用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜，并非说她家经济拮据。答案：B25解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“. with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste.”可知，苏珊娜在厨师马特的帮助下向人们提供关于如何减少食物浪费的建议，也就是说马特会在烹饪问题上协助苏珊娜。A、D两项无中生有，文中没有提到马特帮忙购买烹饪原料和邀请嘉宾家庭。B项张冠李戴，根据第二段中的“. shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons.”可知，是苏珊娜为她的孩子们做饭，而不是马特。答案：C26解析：推理判断题。第四段介绍了Save Money：Good Food这一节目是仿照了Save Money：Good Health的风格，为观众提供关于如何从市场上大量健康产品中获取价值的建议，因此本段是介绍这个节目的背景的。A、D两项曲解文意，第四段不是对前面三段的总结，也不是介绍供讨论的新话题。B项无中生有，本段没有为读者提供建议。答案：C27解析：标题归纳题。全文介绍了Save Money：Good Food这个节目旨在教人们如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜，因此D项作为标题最合适。A项以偏概全，只说了文章的一个方面如何吃得好，没有提到是在省钱的条件下吃得好。B项无中生有，文章没有提到均衡饮食。C项以偏概全，只说了做好饭，没有说如何节省。答案：DPassage 3(2018全国卷，B篇)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are，like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896，Dawson，Canada，was unmapped wilderness (荒野)But gold was discovered there in 1897，and two years later，it was one of the largest cities in the West，with a population of 30，000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path，killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson，however，the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were，Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon，the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down，and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today，people still come and goto see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.24What attracted the early settlers to New York City?AIts business culture.BIts small population.CIts geographical position.DIts favourable climate.25What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?ATwothirds of them stayed there.BOne out of five people got rich.CAlmost everyone gave up.DHalf of them died.26What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?AThey found the city too crowded.BThey wanted to try their luck elsewhere.CThey were unable to stand the winter.DThey were short of food.27What is the text mainly about?AThe rise and fall of a city.BThe gold rush in Canada.CJourneys into the wilderness.DTourism in Dawson.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了加拿大道森的历史、发展与现状。【背景知识】发展理念决定了区域协调发展的必要性，不同国家、不同地区的崛起离不开建立健全有效的区域协调发展机制。以城市群为主体构建大中小城市发展的格局可加快农业转移人口市民化，但在发展过程中应坚持“高起点规划、高标准建设”的原则进行顶层设计，从而保障城市化进程的有序推进和长远发展，避免盲目建设，如此方可彰显城市发展的魅力。美国纽约、阿拉斯加，英国伦敦，法国巴黎，加拿大道森等城市在交流、贸易及工业方面的发展就是最好的例证。 24解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二、三句“People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，New York City吸引早期定居者之处就是它靠近Hudson River河口，交通和贸易便利，所以是它的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。文章中没有A项和D项的相关信息；B项不是吸引人们定居的原因。故选C。答案：C25解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich.”可知，约五分之一的人发财了。故选B。A、C、D三项在文中都没有提到。答案：B26解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down，and when they heard there were gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.(Dawson City满是失望的人们，他们没有兴趣定居下来，当听说在Alaska发现了新的金矿时，他们离开了，和他们来的时候一样迅速)”可知，人们离开Dawson City去Alaska碰运气了。故选B。A、C、D三项都不是他们离开的主要原因。答案：B27解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.”和最后一段中“.when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”以及最后一句“Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.”可知，文章主要讲述了一座城市(Dawson City)的兴衰。故选A。B项的范围过大，文章主要讲的是加拿大Dawson City。C项偏离了文章的主题。D项覆盖面太小，不能够涵盖Dawson City的过去。答案：APassage 4(2019湖南湘潭高三模拟)Violette Childe, 67, is a dining companion who helps serve patients lunches.The role was introduced ten years ago by a dietitian concerning that some patients were not eating their meals.“Many of our patients are elderly and can be confused by the noisy, busy environment of the hospital and so wont focus on eating.” explains Yvonne DonglasMorris, head of volunteering, who oversees the activities of all 528 of the trusty volunteers.“Staff are busy with the clinical side of things, so the dining companions were introduced.They will assist the patients and encourage them to eat.”Violette, a retired library manager, has been helping out for six years.“It makes me feel a bit more complete，” she says simply.“Helping with the meals frees up the nurses to get on with other things.I believe in being a part of the community and this hospital is part of my community.”Another key role is played by the discharge volunteers, who offer support to the elderly, especially those aged 70 and overleaving hospital to return to an empty home.The team has a budget of 10 per person and will pop to the shops and buy milk, bread and a meal to tide them over for the first few hours.They then call the patients regularly, for as long as they need, to check how they are getting on and if they need extra support.The volunteers in Kingston work from a dedicated officea small room in one of the buildings on the hospital grounds, where a Christmas tree decorated with baubles (小饰物) bearing the faces of volunteers sits in the corner.“All the volunteers come and gather here, it gets very busy at times，” smiles Nicola Hutin, 67，a discharge support volunteer.A mother of two, and grandmother of four, she was a membership coordinator (协调员) for a trade association until she retired, and has since volunteered at the hospital one morning a week for 18 months.1What can we learn about dining companions?ATheir working conditions are noisy.BThey are great assistants for doctors.CThey often make patients more nervous.DThe occupation existed more than ten years ago.2What does Violette think of her work?AShe finds it tiring and boring.BShe finds it easy to complete her work.CShe believes it gives her a sense of belonging.DShe believes helping patients with meals is to free up the community.3What does a discharge volunteer do for the patients?ARaise money for the elderly.BPay a visit to them at home.CBuy daily necessities for them.DRing to check their health condition.4Which of the following can best describe the theme of the text?AIt is never too old to learn.BMany hands make lig