高中英语语法主谓一致修订版.ppt

,主谓一致的概念：主语和其谓语动词在人称、意义和数上保持一致。主谓一致分为三种情况：,语法一致,内容一致,就近一致,主谓“三”一致,(1)如果主语后面跟有with、togetherwith,alongwith,but,except,like,inadditionto,including,besides,aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan等短语再加一个名词时，谓语动词仍与主语（第一个词）保持一致。如：,Alibrarytogetherwith5000books_giventoourschoolasagift.,语法一致,Mr.Johnsonaswellashiswifeandchildren_visitingtheGreatWallnow.,was,is,(2)用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一事物或同意概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：,Ateacherandwriter_goingtogiveusaspeech.,语法一致,Breadandbutter_usuallymybreakfast.,is,Theprofessorandscientist_alreadycome.,is,Ateacherandawriter_intheoffice.,has,are,(3)不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：,TolearnEnglishwell_effort.,语法一致,takes,Whenwellgoforanouting_notbeendecidedyet.,Servingthepeople_mygreathappiness.,is,HowhecanspeaksogoodEnglish_usall.,has,interests,(4)用and连接的并列主语被each，every，no或manya修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：,Eachboyandeachgirl_beengivenagift.,has,语法一致,Noteacherandnostudent_intheclassroom.,has,Everypenandeverybook_beenlaid(lay)onthedeskalready.,is,Manyaboy_interestedinherlesson.,is,(5)eachof+复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each，谓语动词用复数。如：,Eachofus_somethingtosay.,语法一致,Eachofthem_beengivenapieceofbread.,has,Weeach_adictionary.,has,Theyeach_donetheirwork.,have,have,语法一致,(6)none作主语，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，但修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。如：,Noneofus_perfect.,Noneofthesebooks_mine.,are(is),Noneofhismoney_beenfoundagain.,are(is),Noneofthis_me.,has,worries,语法一致,(7)名词如trousers,scissors,glasses,goods,clothes等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数，但当它们前面有apairof或onepairof修饰时，谓语动词只能用单数。如：,Mytrousersareblack.Hisglassesareexpensive.Apairoftrousersliesonmybed.Apairofglasseswasgiventomeasagift.,语法一致,(8)形复意单名词如：news;以-ics结尾的学科名词如：physics,mathematics,economics;国名如：theUnitedStates;报纸名如：theNewYorkTimes;书名如：ArabianNights天方夜谭；以及theUnitedNations等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：,ArabianNights_fullofinterestingstories.,TheNewYorkTimes_apopularreadingmaterialforstudents.,is,Physics_myfavouritesubjects.,is,is,语法一致,“a/an+名词+andahalf”,等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。“oneandahalf+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。“anumberof+复数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：,Anappleandahalf_onthetable.,Oneandahalfdays_passed.,is,Thenumberofthestudentsinourclass_63.,have,Anumberofstudents_English.,is,like,语法一致,(10)百分数（或分数）+of+可数名词单数（或不可数名词）谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+of+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。如：,Twentypercentofland_beenturnedintoaplayground.,Twothirdsoftheapple_eaten.,has,SixtypercentoftheworkersintheFactory_women.,is,are,语法一致,（11）A(large)quantityof+N.(pl.oruc）+V(复数）+O.动词的数由名词决定；A(large)ammountof+N.(不可数名词）+V(单三）+O.谓语动词用单数，但是，Largequantitiesof+N.(pl.oruc）+V(复数）+O.Largeammountsof+N.(不可数名词）+V(复数）+O.谓语动词用复数。,Alargequantityofsugar_beenputintheboiledwater.,Largequantitiesofmoney_beenwastedontheproject.,has,Alaregeammountoftime_beenspentonEnglish.,have,Largeammountsoftime_beensavedbythenewinvention.,has,have,语法一致,(12)“Thiskindof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“复数名词+ofthiskind”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：,Thiskindofapples_importedfromAmerica.,Applesofthiskind_importedfromAmerica.,was,were,语法一致,(13)“A/An+单数名词+ortwo”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“Oneortwo+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：,Adayortwo_enoughforthiswork.,Oneortwodays_enoughforthiswork.,is,are,语法一致,（14）“Asetof+复数名词”及“Aseriesof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：,Aseriesofdebates_scheduledfortheweekend.,Thesalesmantoldmethatagoodsetoftires_guaranteedtorunatleastfiftythousandmiles.,was,was,语法一致,(14)在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复数；但如果在“theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词只能用单数。如：,Maryisoneofthestudentsthat_beeninvitedtosingattheconcert.,Maryistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat_beeninvitedtosingattheconcert.,have,has,all,most,some，half,plenty,enough,therest+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所指代的名词的数。如：,意义一致,意义一致,（2）“the+形容词（或分词）”指一类人，如：therich(富人),theliving(活着的人),thewounded(伤者）作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：,Thesick_beencuredandthelost_beenfound.,Therich_eagertohelpthepoor.,have,have,Thewounded_beentakengoodcareof.,are,Theliving_tocheerupandcontinuetolive.,have,have,意义一致,(3)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看做一个整体时，如：breadandbutter(面包加黄油),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：,意义一致,（4）不定数量的词组，如：apartof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。如：,Apartofthetextbooks_arrived.,Apartoftheapple_beeneatenupbythepig.,have,Alotofpeople_hearedthenews.,has,Alofofmoney_beenspentonthisproject.,have,has,意义一致,(5)表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如：,Onemilliondollars_alotofmoney.,Tenmiles_alongdistance.,is,Twoyears_enoughtolearnaforeignlanguage.,is,is,（6）集合名词public，family，classaudience，army，crowd，group,class等做主语时，谓语动词看情况，强调个体成员用复数，强调整体用单数。例如：Thefamily_allfondofreading.Thefamily_watchingTV.Theclass_large.Key:areareis,（7）Chinese,Japanese,sheep,fish,deer,means,等单复同行词，作主语时，谓语要看实际情况，例如：Thismeans_discussedatthemeeting.Thesemeans_(be)tobediscussedatthemeeting.Key:wasare,(8)Cattle,police,people一般看成复数行书，做主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Thepolice_(be)searchingforthethief.Peopleall_(have)knownthenews.Key:arehave,就近一致,（1）由here,there,where以及状语从句提前构成的倒装句中，(有时主语不止一个时)谓语与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：,Here_thebus.,There_apen,twobooksandthreepencilsonthedesk.,comes,Ontopofthemountain_atower.,is,Where_yourmother?,stands,is,Where_yourfriends?,are,就近一致,（2）由连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,notbut等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：,Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher_anythingaboutit.,Heoryou_takenmypen.,knows,NotonlyTombutI_satisfiedwiththeresult.,have,Notonlytheybutalsowe_interestedinthefilm.,am,are,高考解析:1.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts_causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.（2010湖南卷）A.isB.areC.hasD.have答案：C解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项。,2.SuchpoetsasShakespeare_widelyread,ofwhoseworks，however,some_difficulttounderstand.（2010四川卷）A.are；areB.is；isC.are；isD.is：are答案：A解析：主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为someofwhoseworks，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。,3.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshestheonlyoneofthewomenwho_eveningdress.（2010全国卷）A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn答案：B解析：首先theonlyoneof为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从is可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选A。,Choosethebestanswers:NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayA.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen2.Awomanwithsomechildren_soonA.iscomingB.arecomingC.hascomeD.havecome3.Everything,includingtheclothes,_stolenthatevening.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereKey:AAB,4.Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis.A.knowB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown5.Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyA.hasreadB.havereadC.arereadingD.isreading6.Allbutone_intheaccidentA.waskilledB.werekilledC.willbekilledD.arekilledKey:BAB,7.Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityA.areB.isC.amD.be8.NeithermywifenorImyself_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindA.isB.areC.amD.be9.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherA.isB.areC.amD.be10.Nottheteacher,butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmA.isB.areC.amD.beKey:BCBB,11.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered12.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdec