固体废弃1RCRA

1970:CleanAirAct,OSHAct1972:CleanWaterAct1976:TSCA,FIFRA,RCRA,HMTA1980:Superfund1984:HSWA1986:SARA,HazardousChemicalsandHazardousWaste,LoveCanal,TimesBeach,Burfordapptmt;Congressionalhearingsonhazwasteprograms;indictments;Ruckleshausapptmt.,Bhopal,“DumpinginDixie”,RCRAObjectives:,wastetracking,cradletogravecomplexityandcostwhy?“reduce,reuse,recycle”treat,dispose,RCRA:WasteTracking,Manifestsystem,Biennialreporting,AmericanMiningCongressv.EPA(D.C.Cir.1987),WhatisthesourceofEPAsdisputewiththeAMC?,1.Whethermaterialsdestinedforon-siterecyclingarehazardouswastesunderRCRA.EPAwantedtoassertjurisdictionovermaterialsdestinedforrecylcing(thatis,toregulaterecycling).,EPAruleclaimedjurisdictionoveroff-siterecyclingandon-siterecycling(reclamation;combustion)exceptforimmediatereuseofmaterialasasubstituteforarawmaterial.Whydidpetroleumrefinersjointhislitigation?,Statutorydefinition:Thetermsolidwastemeansanygarbage,refuse,sludgefromawastetreatmentplant,watersupplytreatmentplant,orairpollutioncontrolfacilityandotherdiscardedmaterialWhatis“discardedmaterial”?,AmericanMiningCongressv.EPA(D.C.Cir.1987),WhatistheallegedlegaldefectinEPAsruleonrecycling?,AmericanMiningCongressv.EPA(D.C.Cir.1987),DiscardedMaterial:Regulatorydefinition:anymaterialwhichisabandoned,recycled,consideredinherentlywaste-like,Whenisarecycledbyproductawaste?Whenitnolongerresembles(orservesas)anrawmaterial/independentproductioninput?Whenitnolongerhasanyvaluetotheproducer?,AmericanMiningCongressv.EPA(D.C.Cir.1987),ShouldthecourtdefertoEPAsinterpretationofthisstatutoryterm(solidwaste)?SeeMikvadissent,Dictionarydefinition:abandoned,disposedof,thrownawayWhynotusethedictionarydefinition,accordingtoEPA?,RCRAHazardousWastedefinition:Isita“solidwaste”?Isthewastea“hazardouswaste”?,Isthewastea“hazardouswaste”?,Statute:Thetermhazardouswastemeansasolidwaste,orcombinationofsolidwastes,whichmay(A)cause,orsignificantlycontributetoanincreaseinmortalityoranincreaseinseriousirreversible,orincapacitatingreversible,illness;or(B)poseasubstantialpresentorpotentialhazardtohumanhealthortheenvironmentwhenimproperlytreated,stored,transported,ordisposedof,orotherwisemanaged.Isita“solidwaste”?,RCRAHazardousWastedefinition:Isita“solidwaste”?Isthewastea“hazardouswaste”?,CharacteristicwastesIgnitabilityCorrosivityToxicityReactivity,Listedwastesnonspecificsourcesspecificsourcesacutelyhazardousnon-acutelyhazardous,RCRAHazardousWastedefinition:,Characteristicwastes:Ignitability:Aliquidwhichhasaflashpointlessthan140degreesFisregulatedasanignitablehazardouswaste.Examplesincludemostorganicsolvents.Corrosivity:AwasteaqueoussolutionhavingapHoflessthanorequalto2,orgreaterthanorequalto12.5isconsideredtobeacorrosivehazardouswaste.,RCRAHazardousWastedefinition:,Characteristicwastes:Toxicity:ToxicityisdeterminedbyalaboratorytestknownastheToxicityCharacteristicLeachateProcedure,orTCLP.TheTCLPtestmustbeconductedonanywastewhichcontainsanyofthespecifiedTCLPcontaminants.Reactivity:Anychemicalwastewhichreactsviolentlywithairand/orwaterorliberatestoxicgasesisconsideredtobeareactivehazardouswaste.,RCRAHazardousWastedefinition:,mixturerulederived-fromruleHWIR/delistingexclusions(examples,Listedwastesonly,HouseholdwastesCertainfertilizersMiningwastes,CoalcombustionashPetroleumexplorationwastes,CityofChicagov.EDF(1994),HOUSEHOLDMSWINCINERATOR(a/k/a“RESOURCERECOVERYFACILITY),Airpollution(stack),IncineratorAshLandfill,Electricityforsale,MSW/trash,CityofChicagov.EDF(1994),Doeshouseholdwastecontainhazardouswastes?,Whatisthehouseholdhazardouswasteexemption?,originallycreatedbyEPA,andexemptedevenHHWthathadbeen“treated,disposed,orrecovered”1984statutory“clarification”,“Afacilityshallnotbedeemedtobemanaginghazardouswastesifsuchfacilityreceivesandburnsonlyhouseholdwasteandnonhazardousindustrialwaste.”,CityofChicagov.EDF(1994),SoifChicagosMSWincineratorisnotaTSD,whatisthislitigationabout?WhydoesChicagocareaboutthisissue?,IfincineratorburningHHWisnotaTSD,howcaniteverbeageneratorofhazardouswaste?,Ifthestatuteissilentonthisissue,istheresolutionofthisissueuptoEPA?OristheCourtengaginginadefinitiveinterpretationofthestatuteirrespectiveofEPAsopinion?,CityofChicagov.EDF(1994),WhatshouldownersofMSWincineratorsdointhewakeofthisdecision?,WhatdoStevens/OConnorsayisthepurposeandmeaningofthe1984clarification?,ToclarifythatmixingHHWwithothernon-hazardouswastedoesnotconstitute“treatment”ofhazardouswaste;notdoesitremovethemixturefromthecategoryof(exempt)HHW.Whichinterpretationseemsmostplausibletoyou?,STATUTORY/REGULATORYDEFINITION“Treatment”meansanymethod,technique,orprocess,includingneutralization,designedtochangethephysical,chemical,orbiologicalcharacterorcompositionofanyhazardouswastesoastoneutralizesuchwaste,orsoastorecoverenergyormaterialresourcesfromthewaste,orsoastorendersuchwastenon-hazardous,orlesshazardous;safertotransport,store,ordisposeof;oramenableforrecovery,amenableforstorage,orreducedinvolume.TSDregulation,STOLLonRCRA:“Intruth,thesystemcanbehorribleandmostofthefear-mongeringisfair.”“EPAsregulationfordeterminingwhatisawastecontainsomeofthemostpuzzlingEnglishwordpatternseverdevised.”“ImportantRCRAinterpretationsappearinstrangeplaces.”,Hypothetical#3:GammaCo.StatementinFederalRegister(preambletorule)+LettertoWisconsinCo.“ruling”thatgeneratorsmaytreatHWincontainersfornomorethan90dayswithouttriggeringTSDstatus.,RCRA:OtherElementsCapacityAssurancePlanningNIMBY/LULU/env.Justice/preemptionHSWA:LanddisposalrestrictionsSpillReporting:partiescovered;processRCRASec.7003: