例证题方法讲义

,考研英语阅读理解唐迟,2000passage2,1、微观阅读技巧-标点符号的运用2、例证题解题方法,2000passage2,55.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?56.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?57.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause_.58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?,Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.,55.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?AAlackofmates.BAfiercecompetition.CAlowersurvivalrate.DAdefectivegene.,Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.,2段Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhas15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.,专题讲解之标点符号的运用,逗号：两个逗号之间，或一个逗号之后为补充说明的成分，非主干,逗号：两个逗号之间，或一个逗号之后为补充说明的成分，是非主干,00-12段themakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.,96-51段Scientificcreationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomeforequaltimeintheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.,冒号：冒号前后，一般是从抽象到具体，冒号后面的内容解释前面的内容。,冒号：冒号前后，一般是从抽象到具体，冒号后面的内容解释前面的内容。,97-360.Thewordpervasive(line1,paragraph2)mightmean_.AwidespreadBoverwhelmingCpiercingDfashionable,Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.,冒号：冒号前后，一般是从抽象到具体，冒号后面的内容解释前面的内容。,07-430.36.Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtointroduceAthefiercebusinesscompetition.Bthefeebleboss-boardrelations.Cthethreatfromnewsreports.Dtheseverityofdataleakage,Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationgovernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthemespeciallyinAmericathesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite:datainsecurity.,分号：分号前后为并列关系。,分号：分号前后为并列关系。,03-42段Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.,00-22段Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.,分号：分号前后为并列关系。,69.ThesentenceThisisnoflashinthepan(line4,paragraph3)meansthat_.AthelowinflationratewilllastforsometimeBtheinflationratewillsoonriseCtheinflationwilldisappearquicklyDthereisnoinflationatpresent,97-53段Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.,引号：1）引用2）反语或语意转移,引号：1）引用2）反语或语义转移,96-51段Scientificcreationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomeforequaltimeintheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.,67.Creationisminthepassagerefersto_.AevolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverseBanotionofthecreationofreligionCthescientificexplanationoftheearthformationDthedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverse,97-153.WhenLloydNicksondies,hewill_.AfacehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicofeuthanasiaBexperiencethesufferingofalungcancerpatientChaveanintensefearofterriblesufferingDundergoacoolingoffperiodofsevendays,Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera“coolingoff”periodofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54-year-oldDarwin.,08-4Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas“likehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.,39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?ASomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.BSlavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.CSlaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.DSlaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.,08-4Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas“likehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.,39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?ASomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.BSlavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.CSlaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.DSlaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.,2000passage22段,2段Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhas15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.,56.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?AWealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.BNaturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.CThemiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.DIndiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.,Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftodayeveryonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspringmeansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.,例证题：1、标志：examplecaseillustratedemonstratetoshowto_,例证题：1、标志：examplecaseillustratedemonstratetoshowto_2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点；观点一般在例子前，有时也在例子后。,例证题：1、标志：examplecaseillustratedemonstratetoshowto_2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点；观点一般在例子前，有时也在例子后。3、干扰选项：就事论事,56.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?AWealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.BNaturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.CThemiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.DIndiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.,Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftodayeveryonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspringmeansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.,历年真题中的案例,99-153.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthatAsomeinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylawBhelmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuriesCproductlabelswouldeventuallybediscardedDsomesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes,1段Itsaroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomersmisfortunes.,99-153.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthatAsomeinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylawBhelmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuriesCproductlabelswouldeventuallybediscardedDsomesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes,2段Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingever-longerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthatwarn,amongotherthings,thatyoumightsurprise!falloff.ThelabelonachildsBatmancapecautionsthatthetoydoesnotenableusertofly.,99-153.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthatAsomeinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylawBhelmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuriesCproductlabelswouldeventuallybediscardedDsomesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes,4段Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldnthavechangedanything.InMay,JulieNimmons,presidentofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.Werereallysorryhehas.,99-567.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat_.AinquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperimentsBscienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesareconductedCscientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearchDunpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearch,1段Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplaces.,01-257.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof.AprovidingfinancialsupportoverseasBpreventingforeigncapitalscontrolCbuildingindustrialinfrastructureDacceptingforeigninvestment,4段Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,例证题：1、标志：examplecaseillustratedemonstratetoshowto_2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点；观点一般在例子前，有时也在例子后。3、干扰选项：就事论事,2000passage23段,57.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause_.AlifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvanceBthenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendecliningCourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolutionDthedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing,3段Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomany