公开课-猜测词义.ppt

Welcometoourclass!,Korea-TheboydancingwithSouthKoreansingerPsyintheworldfamousvideoGangnamStylehasalsorisentofameovernight.Seven-year-oldLittlePsyhasgonesolo,andwillreleasehisownsinglenextweek.,entertainment,Topnews,SHANGHAI-Apigvirushasbeendetectedinawatersampleofariverwhere1,200deadpigshadbeenfishedout,Shanghaiauthoritiessaid.,Topnews,society,sports,Topnews,Jamesscoredaseason-low13points,butitdidntmatterastheMiamiHeatwontheir18thstraightgameinthisseason,easilytoppingtheIndianaPacers（印第安纳步行者）105-91onSundaynight.,阅读理解技巧猜测词义,猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型，是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。,词义猜测题常见的考查形式：1)Thephrase“”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby_.2)Theword“”intheparagraphrefersto_.3)Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?4)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase”?5)Bysaying“”inthefirst(second)paragraph,theauthormeansthat_.6)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standfor?,考查方向：1.熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；2.复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；4.根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。,解题方法,定义解释法,举例法,同义词、反义词和对比关系法,因果关系法,构词法,上下文语境法,派生,转换,合成,生活常识,【例1】Inslangthetermjamconstitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.词义：_,Skill1：通过定义或解释来猜测定义常由定语从句或becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas，constitute，referto等词汇或破折号，冒号，括号来引导。解释常由or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语。,困境,Practice1:Youshouldneverputacottonswaborotherobjectintotheearcanal.Butyoucanuseaswaborclothtocleantheouterpartoftheear.Theexpertsagreewiththeoldsayingthatyoushouldneverputanythingsmallerthanyourelbowinyourear.Whatdoesa“swab”mostlyprobablymean?_somethingsoft,smallandusedinclinicsB.somethinghard,longandusedathomeC.somethingthin,wetandlikeanelbowD.somethingsafe,bigandlikeatoy,【例】1.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:Nature,NewsWeek,TimesandThelistener._2.Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.,期刊,几何的,Skill：通过举例进行猜测常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子。,Practice2:IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo.Overthenextsixyears,Iwastreadingwater,justtryingtoearnanincome.Itriedjournalism,butIdidntthinkIwasanygood,thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.Ilovedworkingwithbooks,althoughthejobthatIdidwasdull.(2012四川)WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean?Iwaswaitingforgoodfortune.B.Iwastryingtofindanadmirablejob.C.Iwasbeingaimlessaboutasuitablejob.D.Iwasdoingseveraljobsformorepayatatime.,【例3】1.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.词义：_2.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.词义：_Skill：通过同义或反义关系进行猜测表示对比或转折的常见信息词有：but，yet，however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，incontrastof，inspiteof，instead等，有时也用破折号或冒号表示对比。表示同义的常见信息词有：or,like,similarly等。,傲慢的,爱说话的,Pracitce3:EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.(2012大纲全国II)Whatdoesthewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto?A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucyC.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.,C,Skill4：通过因果关系进行猜测表示因果关系的信息词有：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,dueto,resultin,forthisreason,sothat等。,【例4】Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.词义：_,巨大的,Practice4Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcomeonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.(2004广东)Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterest,【例】Sharksareamongthefewanimalsintheworldthatalmostnevergetcancerandeyecataracts.Understandingwhycanhelpusimprovehumanhealth.Chemicalsextractedfromsharkcartilagehavekilledcanceroustumorsinlaboratoryanimals,aresearchthatsomedaycouldhelpprolongyourlife.Theunderlinedword“prolong”intheparagraphmeans_.A.saveB.protectC.lengthenD.improve,C,构词法,合成有两个或更多的词合成一个词,派生在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个单词,转化将一种词性转化成另一种词性,Classify:pathwayextraordinarymaturityplacefrustrationfreeeverydayriversideantiwar,pathwayeverydayriverside,extraordinarymaturityfrustrationantiwar,placefree,Skill5：,Practice5:Innutrition(营养)itwasallgoodnewstoo.Thisnice-tastingpineapplecontainedfourtimesmorevitaminC(维生素C)thantheoldgreenvariety.Nutritionistssaidthatitwasnotonlyfullofvitamins,butalsogoodagainstsomediseases.Peoplewereunderstandablyeagertobeabletobuythiswonderfulfruit.Thenewtypeofpineapplewassellingfast,andtheDelMonteGoldpineapplerapidlybecameafixtureintheshoppingbasketofthehealthyeater.Theunderlinedword“fixture”inParagraph3probablyreferstosomething_.A.thatpeopleenjoyeatingB.thatisalwayspresentC.thatisdifficulttogetD.thatpeopleuseasagift,B,【例6】ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail,internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferences.WhatdoesthewordmimicinParagraph1probablymean?_A.findB.copyC.changeD.lose,B,Skill6：生活常识：利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义。读者可以运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验及生活常识，再根据上下文推测生词的含义。,Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?,Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritin