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定语从句,高三英语第一轮复习,TheAttributiveClauses,基础知识,Complexsentence复合句:,由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子,其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分(主句),另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分(如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语)。,复合句=,主句,+,定语从句,一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分(主句),另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分(定语),Thestudents(whodonotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.,主句主语,从句主语,从句谓语结构,主句谓语结构,在句子中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句,因形容词定语,所以又称之为形容词性从句。,Attributiveclause:,定语从句的位置:通常在先行词(在主句中)后。,定语从句的引导词,关系代词,关系副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语),that(主语、宾语),whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语),where(地点状语),when(时间状语),why(原因状语),先行代词和关系词的关系,1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,intheschool=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,amachine,themachine,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,amachine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,that/who/whom,Thegirl,注意避免重复,关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak./inwhich/不接,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,intheway=that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,ThemanthathelpedyouisMrWhite.Thisistheperson(that)youwanttosee.Adictionaryisausefulbookthattellsusthemeaningofwords.Thefilmthatwejusttalkedaboutisveryinteresting.,Adictionaryisausefulbookwhichtellsusthemeaningofwords.Thefilmwhichwejusttalkedaboutisveryinteresting.Tomislateagain,whichmakeshisteacherveryangry.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,afterwhichhefoundajobinabigcompany.,定语从句考点归纳,定语从句考点归纳,2.关系代词与关系副词的区分,3whose的使用,4as与which引导的定语从句,1.that与which,6限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,5关系代词前介词的确定,1.that与which,1.Nothing_canbedonehasbeendone.2.Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?,先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词,引导定语从句用that,that,that,1.ThisisthebestTV_ismadeinChina.2.Thefirstmuseum_hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,引导定语从句用that。,1.that与which,Ivereadallthebooks_youlentme.,that,先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时,引导定语从句用that。,1.that与which,1.Thefamouswriterandhisworks_theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.2.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing_sufferspain,death,harm,etc.,先行词中既有人又有事物时,引导定语从句用that.,that,that,1.that与which,1.Who_youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?,Who做先行词时,引导定语从句用that,that,1.that与which,1.Herbag,in_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringon_shespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,with_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.,which,which,whom,在介词后面,指事物用which,指人用whom,1.that与which,Thedictionary,thecoverofwhichisred,ismybirthdaygift.Thedictionary,whosecoverisred,ismygift.,2.关系代词that,which和关系副词when,where的区别,1)、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。,Iwillneverforgetthedays(_)Istayedwithyou).,when,_,_,Pleasegivemethereason_(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).,_,_,why,Doyourememberthelibrary_(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend?),_,_,where,2)定语从句没有宾语,Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse_(thegreatwriterusedtolive).Thehouse_(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.,where,that/which,Illneverforgettheday_wefirstmetinthepark.,3)、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构,有主语,则用关系副词。,Kunmingisabeautifulplace_(flowersareseenalltheyearround).,where,October1stistheday_(newChinawasfounded).,when,Thewindow(_wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.,Whichthat,Themeeting(_willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.,Whichthat,2(2)that,which与why的区分,Thisisthereason_(=forwhich)Ididntcomehere.Thereason_shegavewasnottrue.,whythat,which/that,指时间,地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,用which或that引导定语从句。,Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.Wearenotsatisfiedwiththereasonthat/whichhegaveus.,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,which,why/forwhich,that/which,Exercise:,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况2,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况3,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,可见,who、that不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况4,Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.,介词+关系代词的情况练习,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,underwhich,ofwhich,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,Theearthisround,_weallknow._isknowntoall,theearthisround_isknowntoallthattheearthisround.,as,As,It,4as的使用,1.Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage,_hasbeensaidbefore.,which,2_everyonehoped,Maryhaswonthefirstprize.,As,as的使用,Hemarriedthegirl,as(which)wasnatural.Heseemedaforeigner,as(which)infacthewas.Aswasnatural,hemarriedthegirl.Tomislateagain,whichmakeshisteacherveryangry.Theearthtravelsaroundthesun,asiswellknowntousall.,ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as的使用,Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.,as,as,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,定语从句,as的使用,Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,that,that,这本书如此有趣,大家都喜欢。,结果状语从句,as的使用,Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.Somepeoplehavenodoubtthattheircatunderstandsas/somanywordsasadogdoes.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.Hessuchagoodstudentaseveryonelikes.Hessuchagoodstudentthateveryonelikeshim.,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句,基础知识,起限定作用。若省略,原句意义不完整。,起补充说明作用。若省略,原句意义不受影响。,修饰先行词,修饰先行词/整个句子which,无逗号隔开,有逗号与主句隔开,1.有that,无that,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,2.作宾语时可以省略,不可以省略,当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。,Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.,只用非限制性定语从句的情况:,当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。,Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,goesaroundtheearth.,只用非限制性定语从句的情况:,先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时。,YesterdayheleftAmerica,wherehehadstayedfortwoyears.,区别:Ihaveasonwhoisadoctor.我有一个是医生的儿子(还有其他儿子)Ihaveason,whoisadocotor.我有一个儿子,他是医生。(意指:我只有这一个儿子。),能力提高,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.3.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,to,that,4.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.5.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.,whic
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