高中英语-专题二代词PPT课件

代词,高考对代词的考察呈现出两大特点：1.旧的热点仍在，如对不定代词的考察，新的考察热点在逐步形成，如，对it的考察。2.加强在特定的语境中对代词与其他相关语法的综合考察。突破方法：首先从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分：（1）人称代词（2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词。（3）反身代词（4）指示代词（5）相互代词,（6）不定代词（7）疑问代词（8）连接代词,（名词性从句）（9）关系代词（定语从句）其次，要重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。一、人称代词1.当说话者不清楚或不必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用it来表示。Itsalovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?,2.人称代词有时也可用作名词,Itsnotashe;itsahe.3.人称代词单独使用时，一般不用主格而用宾格。-Gladtomeetyou.-Me,too.4.代词they(不分性别）代表已提到过的一些人或事物。Thebrownsphoned.Theyrecomingroundthisevening.,-Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.-Whyme?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.,物主代词,1.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，,只能做名词或动名词的定语。Thisisourclassroom.Hisfatherisanengineer.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Ourcountryisadevelopingcountry.2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，可单独做主语、宾语、表语。此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用，,构成双重所有格，即：,a/an/this/that/these/those/some/any/several/no/each/every/such/another/which+名词+of+名词性物主代词。Thisishercoat.Mineisoverthere.Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.Thatcarofhersisalwaysbreakingdown.Iknoweachbrotherofhis.,三、反身代词,1.反身代词基本用法：1）宾语TomtaughthimselfChinese.(动宾）Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.(介宾）2）表语Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.3)同位语Imyselfcanrepairthebike.,2.含有反身代词的惯用语,（1）与介词连用Youllhavetoseeifhehasgonetotheschoolforyourself.(亲自）Thecomputercanshutoffofitself.(=naturally自动地）Jimisnotbadinhimself,butheisalittleshy.(本质地）,Onewouldratherhaveabedroom,tooneself.(=foronesownprivateuse;nottobeshared独自享用）Onecantplaytennisbyoneself.(=alone,withouthelp单独地、独自地）Hewasbesidehimselfwithjoywhenheheardhehadpassedtheexam.(=almostmadwithanger/excitement,etc.由于气愤、激动等而发狂、忘形）,（2）与代词连用,enjoyyourself!(=Haveagoodtime!)behaveyourself.(=bepolite;showgoodmanners)使举止良好absentoneself缺课、缺勤devoteoneselfto专心于；献身于applyoneselfto专心致志于adaptoneselfto适应于makeoneselfathome不要客气,seatoneself(=sit)坐,say/talk/tell/thinktooneself暗自（在心中），自言自语Heisalwaysboastinghimself.(自夸）Amomentlater,hecametohimself.(=regainself-controlorconsciousness，恢复自制力、知觉；苏醒过来）Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfinhospital.(findoneself发现自己不知不觉来到）helponeselfto别客气，请自便，随便取用,四、疑问代词,who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ever),which(ever),what(ever),四、疑问代词,1.what,who的区别what问职业、地位；who问姓名或身份。-Whoisthatman?-Heisherhusband.-Whatwasthemanoverthere?-Hewasadoctor.,2.what,which的区别,which是在已知范围内进行选择，后面可跟of短语；what是在未知范围内进行选择，后面不可跟of短语。Which(oftheanimals)isbigger,anelephantorahorse?(有范围）Whatdoyouwanttoread?(无范围）,3.whatever,whichever,whoever,Whatever,whichever,whoever分别为what,which,who的强调形式，相当于what/which/whoonearth(intheworld)到底（究竟）什么/哪一个/谁Whateverdoyouwant?Whoevergaveyouthebook?,4.What的习惯用法,whatisthepopulation/thedistance/thepriceofthebook/youraddress/yourattitude/theheight/weight/thedepth/length/width/size?,不定代词,一、both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法,both,either,neither,all,any,none,-Yourealwaysworking.Comeon,letsgoshopping.Allyoueverwanttodoisgoingshopping.-Therescoffeeandtea;Youcanhaveeither.IhadtobuyallthesebooksbecauseIdidntknowwhichonewasthebest.,二、none,nothing,nobody(noone)的用法区别,1.none既可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，常回答howmany,howmuch引导的疑问句。noone只能指人，且表泛指概念，常回答who引导的疑问句；nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念，常回答what引导的疑问句。-Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?-None.-Whatareyoudoingnow?-Nothing.,2.none往往与前面的some/any/,every+名词连用;nothing往往与前面的something/anything/everything连用；noone/nobody往往与前面someone/somebody/everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody连用。IfIhadsomemoney,Iwouldlendhimsome,butunfortunately,Ihadnone.,3.none后面可跟of短语，而something/anything/everything/,nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/noone却不能。Aswewereasleep,noneofusheardthesound.Noneofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.三、any,every的区别,any+名词表示“（三个或三个以上）”,即：这个或那个或那个；every+名词表示“三个或三个以上中的）每一个”，即：这个和那个和那个。notany表示全部否定，而notevery+名词表部分否定。Ihavemanybookshere,andyoucantakeanyone.Everystudenthastotaketheexamination.=Allthestudentshavetotaketheexamination.,四、every,each的区别,each强调“个体”，可做代词和形容词，指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”；every强调“全体”，只能做定语，指“三个或三个以上”。each做同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用noteach表部分否定。Eachofmychildrengoestoadifferentschool.Hehadacutoneachfoot.,主语,定语,each可做主、宾、定、同,Eachoftheticketscosts10dollars.=Theticketscost10dollarseach.=Theticketseachcost10dollars.五、全部否定和部分否定all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及every+名词都表示全部肯定；noone,none,nobody,nothing,notany以及no+名词都表示全部否定；但当not出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外not与总括性副词,主语,同位语,同位语,如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。-Oneweekstimehasbeenwasted.-Icantbelievewedidallthatworkfornothing.,六、one,another,theother,some,others,theothers,one,some,another,others,theother,theothers,注意下列句子,Wouldyoupleasemakeitsomeotherday?(=anotherday)Hewillstayhereforanother3days.(=3moredays)3.HehasnootherclosefriendslikeJohn.,改日,他还要在这里呆三天。,他再也没有像John那样的好朋友了。,此外，theother后只能加单数名词或复数名词，不可加不可数名词；,但另外一个短语therestof(剩余的）后可以加复数名词，还可以加不可数名词；副词else只能放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。Iworkontheothersideoftown.-Ilikethisone?-Whatabouttheotherones?Howwouldyouliketospendtherestoftheday?,七、one,ones,theone,theones,that,those,1.one用来替代前面出现的可数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an+单数名词；2.ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念；3.theone用来替代前面的特指的单数名词，有时可用that替代（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。4.theones用来替代前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those替代（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。5.that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the+单数/不可数名词。,Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(=apresent)that,Ihadneverseen.Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=manypresents)thatIhadneverseen.Thebookonthedeskisbetterthanthat/theone(=thebook)underthedesk.Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theones(=thebooks)underthedesk.,Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermadeone(=a,cupboard)fromsomewoodwehad.(广西）Wevebeenlookingathousesbuthavenotfoundone(=ahouse)welikeyet.Mymostfamousrelativeofall,theone(=therelative)whoreallylefthismarkonAmerica,wasRebSussel,mygreat-grandfather.,八、many,much,few,little,afew,alittle,many,few,much,little,afew几个,few少,alittle一点儿,little少,Thereslittlecookingoilleftinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecorner,storeandgetsome?九、与复合不定代词构成的习惯句型1.Heisnothingbutaclerk.他只是一个职员。2.Heisanythingbutaclerk.他绝不是一名职员。3.Heissomeone/something/notanybody.他是个重要人物、出色的人物/普普通通的人。,Heissomethingofadoctor.Shehassavedmanylives.,她可以说是一位出色的医生，她已救了很多人的命。十、it的用法（一）、指代时间、距离、自然现象等。Itishalfpasttwonow.(指时间）Itis6milestothenearesthospital.(距离）Itwasverycoldintheroom.Alovelyday,isntit?(天气）,二、指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为,不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。Itisalovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?(不明性别）-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-Itsme.-Ivebrokenaplate.-It(=Breakingtheplate)doesntmatter.(前面所提到过的事情）,TheParkersboughtanewhousebutitwillneedalotofworkbefore,theycanmovein.三、it可以用做形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。Hefounditeasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Wethinkitnogoodreadinginbed.Ithinkitnecessarythatwehavethemeeting.,Itisnousetryingtopersuadehim.,ItiswellknownthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.四、it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词，尤其是表示好恶的动词，如：enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,dontmind,befondof,feellike,seeto(务必）后，即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it。,Itakeitthatyoudontagreewithme.(我的理解是）,IhateitwhenIhavetospeakinFrenchonthephone.Icanthelpitifheisalwayslate.Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.Pleaseseetoitthat(makesurethat)youbringenoughmoneywhenyougoout.Youcancountonitthatheisverysmart.你就相信吧，他非常聪明。Assomeoneputsit,practicemakesperfect.像某人说的那样，熟能生巧。,-Doyoulike_here?,-Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.thisB.theseC.thatD.itIpreferaflatinInvernessto_inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMoms.A.oneB.thatC.itD.this,D,A,(it指代谈话双方心里都明白的事情或情况。E.g.Icantstandit.),(one代替泛指的单数名词，以避免重复。）,-Whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer?,-ActuallyIdidntlike_.(08,卷I,30)BothofthemB.eitherofthemC.NoneofthemD.neitherofthem,B,根据句子中所暗含的twocomputergames,可以知道这里表示“两者之一”，要用either,而none表示“三者或三者以上”。,Thetwogirlsaregettingonvery,wellandshare_witheachother.(08安徽）littleB.muchC.someD.noneMakesureyouvegotthepassportsandticketsand_beforeyouleave.(08山东）somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing,B,C,考查代词的用法。注意在具体的语境中不定代词的用法，little“几乎没有”,some一些，none没有，均不符合句子的意思,考查不定代词的用法。everything强调包括thepassports和tickets在,内的所有东西。而something,anything,nothing,均不符合句子的意思。,08年高考,(08全国卷I30)Whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer?ActuallyIdidntlike_.A.bothofthemB.eitherofthemC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem,B,(08全国卷I33)TheEnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesisonlyslightlydifferentfrom_spokeninEngland.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.theone,C,(08上海春卷26)Manyfast-growingcountriesarelessconcernedwithprotecting_againstclimatechange.A.oneB.oneselfC.themD.themselves,D,(08上海卷26)Doyouwantteaorcoffee?_,Ireallydontmind.A.noneB.neitherC.eitherD.or,C,(08天津卷05)ToknowmoreabouttheBritishMuseum,youcanusetheInternettogotothelibrary,or_.A.neitherB.someC.allD.both,D,(08重庆卷24)-Couldweseeeachotherat3oclockthisafternoon?-Sorry,letsmakeit_time.A.othersB.theotherC.anotherD.other,C,(08辽宁卷26)CouldyoutellmehowtogettoVictoriaStreet?VictoriaStreet?_iswheretheGrandTheatreis.A.SuchB.ThereC.ThatD.This,C,(08山东卷27)Makesureyouvegotthepassportsandticketsand_beforeyouleave.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing,C,(08江西卷23)Isntitamazinghowthehumanbodyheals_afteraninjury?A.himselfB.himC.itselfD.it,C,(08安徽卷21)Thetwogirlsaregettingonverywellandshare_witheachother.A.littleB.muchC.someDnone,B,(08浙江卷09)Idlikesomemorecheese.Sorry,theres_left.A.someB.noneC.alittleD.few,B,(08湖南卷21)Ourneighborsgave_ababybirdyesterdaythathurt_whenitfellfromitsnest.A.us,itB.us,itselfC.ourselves,itselfD.ourselves,it,B,(08四川卷11)Themanagerbelievespriceswillnotrisebymorethan_fourpercent.A.anyotherB.theotherC.anotherD.other,C,(08福建卷21)Howdoyoufindyournewclassmates?Mostofthemarekind,but_issogoodtomeasBruce.A.noneB.nooneC.everyoneD.someone,A,09年高考题归纳,1.Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas_ofpublichealth.(09全国I,33)whatB.thisC.thatD.which2.Charleswasaloneathome,with_lookingafterhim.(09全国II,7)A.someoneB.anyoneC.notoneD.noone,C,D,3.TheCDsareonsale!Buyoneandyouget_completelyfree.(09全国II,12),otherB.othersC.oneD.ones4.Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith_extrastress.(09北京，35)A.itB.themC.oneD.him,C,A,5.IwasbornNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautiful,treesandgreengrassinourmind.(湖南，26)A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose6.Overthepast20years,theInternethashelpedchangeourworldin_wayoranotherforthebetter.(09重庆，22)A.anyB.oneC.everyD.either,D,B,7._isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.,(09辽宁，28)A.suchB.ThisC.ThatD.So8.-Ivereadanotherbookthisweek.-Well,maybe_isnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.(09浙江，4)A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it,A,D,9.Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdonthave,enoughmoneytobuy_.(09四川，3)A.oneB.itC.thisD.that10.Newscamefromtheschooloffice_WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.(09四川，7)A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where,B,C,11.Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheir,approachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith_oftheirparents.(09江苏，35)A.thoseB.oneC.bothD.that12.IfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldntface_daylikethat.(09山东，23)A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others,D,B,13.Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidntanswer_ofthem.(09陕西，10),otherB.anyC.noneD.some,B,2010年高考对代词的考查（10福建）22.WhenyouintroducemetoMr.Johnson,couldyoupleasesayforme?A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing,C,考点：考查不定代词的辨析解析：句子的意思是当你向Mr.John介绍我的时候，你可以为我说一些好话吗?A.everything所有的；B.anything任何事；Dnothing什么也没有C.something表示一些，某些,（10上海）27.Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewontlearntodependon_A.themselvesB.themC.usD.ourselves,考点：本题考查反身代词解析：主语为we，因此应为ourselves.dependononeself:自力更生。根据句意，选D。,（10安徽）21.Youareateamstar!Workingwith_isreallyyourcupoftea.A.bothB.eitherC.othersD.theother,考点：本题考查不定代词的用法。解析：句意为“你是球队明星！与他人合作必须是你喜欢做的事。”习语“onescupoftea”意为“thetypeofthingorpersonthatyoulike”。,（10山东）32.Helpingothersisahabit,_youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.A.itB.thatC.whatD.one,考点：本题考查代词的用法。解析：句意应为“帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。”空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系，所以选择D项。句中youcanlearnevenatanearlyage是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn的宾语使用。,（10天津）6.inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum.A.AnythingB.NothingC.EverythingD.Something,考点：考查复合不定代词的用法。句意：我一生中什么都没有我第一次参观故宫给我的印象更深刻。解析：nothing用于句中表示否定意义，而其他三个词则表示肯定意义。,（陕西）12.ThecostofrentingahouseincentralXianishigherthan_inanyotherareaofthecity.A.thatB.thisC.itD.one,考点：考查代词。解析：所填词用于比较状语从句中，指代句子的主语cost，即指代不可数名词，用that。This指代下文即将提到的事物；it指代“同一物”；one指代“同类中的一个”之意。,（10四川）7.OnmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookofwhenIwasababy.A.himB.hisC.meD.mine,考点：考查代词。解析：takeaphotoofsb意为给某人照相，此处应用人称代词的宾格。正确答案为C。,（10全国）12.Neithersideispreparedtotalkto_unlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.A.othersB.theotherC.anotherD.oneother,考点：不定代词考查。解析：Neither含有“两者都不”之意，一方对应另一方，故用theother指“两者中的另一个”。,（10重庆）23.Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfoundofthemagain.A.neitherB.eitherC.eachD.all,考点：考查代词。解析：由“histemperandhealth”可以排除C项和D项，由后面的never表否定，选either，nevereither是全部否定，相当于neither。,25.Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestionshadusedtheproducts.A.whoeverB.whoC.whicheverD.which,考点：考查关系代词。解析：这儿_usedtheproducts。是个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，并且指人，所以用whoever.,（10江西）34Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients_name,notcasenumber.AofBasCbyDwith,考点：考察介词解析：方式方法可以用by也可以用with,by+n(方式),with+修饰词+n(工具).,（10浙江）14thatsimportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.AOneBAllCEverythingDAnything,考点：本题考查不定代词。解析：分析四个选项的意思，根据语境：重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。从而判断此处选择all意思最合适。,（10全国）14.Thedoctorthought_wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it,解析：考查It的用法。It的两个重要用法是作形式主语和形式宾语。本题考查形式宾语，it在这里代指后面的真正宾语tohaveaholiday。,（10辽宁）33.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountryAsoB.muchC.thatD.it,句意：她是外国人的事实使得她在哪个国家很难找到工作。解析：考查it的用法。句中forhertogetajobinthatcountry是动词不定式的复合结构做made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此处要用it做形式宾语，其他词没有这种用法。,2011高考代词考查,（2011全国II）11.Igotthisbicyclefor_:Myfriendgaveittomewhensheboughtanewone.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing,考查不定代词。根据“Myfriendgaveittome”可知，我免费得到了这辆自行车，因此用nothing,fornothing表示“免费，不花钱”。,（2011安徽）22.Surprisingly,Susansbeautifulhairreachedbelowherkneesandmade_almostanovercoatforher.themB.herC.itselfD.herself,考查代词。句意：令人惊奇的是，苏珊漂亮的头发垂到了膝盖以下，几乎成为了她的外套。此处，itself指的是“头发本身”。,（2011湖南）24.Iknewthat_wouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing,考查代词。句意：我知道没有什么能阻止他。他是不会放弃当导演的想法的。nothing意为“没有什么”，符合句意。,（2011陕西）16.-Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,dear?-_one?OtherB.EveryC.AnotherD.More,考查不定代词。“亲爱的，从厨房给我拿一块巧克力来好吗？”“还要一块”。other后面应该接不可数名词或复数名词（前面出现the或any,其后可接单数可数名词）。everyone“每一个”，不合逻辑。D项应该写成onemore“