药理学精品教学(汕头大学)影响药物作用的因素

影响药物作用的因素(FactorsofInfluencingDrugEffect),彭青,学习目标,在本次课结束时，每位同学能列举影响药物作用的各个因素。,GeneralView,Pharmaceuticalfactors:PhysicalandchemicalpropertyofdrugDrugpreparation(药物制剂)MethodsofdrugadministrationDruginteraction,Biologicalfactors:PhysiologicalfactorsPsychologicalfactorsGeneticfactorsPathologicalfactorsBodyresponsechangesinducedbylong-termmedicationBiorhythm(生物节律)livinghabitandenvironment,PharmaceuticalFactors,Section1,1.PhysicalandChemicalPropertyofDrug,SolubleExposuredecompose(见光分解),2.DrugPreparation,Oraladministration:tablet,capsule,oralliquorInjection:aqua(水剂),oils(油剂),emulsion(乳剂)Newpraparation:Slowreleaseformulation(SLF):extendedreleaseformulatuion(延迟释放剂),sustainedreleaseformulatuion(持续释放剂)Controlledreleaseformulation(CLF):transdermalpatch(透皮贴剂)bioequivalence,3.MethodsofDrugAdministration,Dose:gtt,ml,Route:p.o.,i.m.,i.v.,p.r.(直肠给药)Time:a.c.(饭前),p.c.(饭后)Interval:q.d.,b.i.d.,postantibioticeffect(PAE,抗菌后效应)Periodoftreatment:,4.DrugInteraction,Pharmacokinetics:absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretionPharmacodynamics:Synergism(协同作用):addition(相加作用):=1+1potentiation(增强作用):1+1Antagonism(拮抗作用):subtraction(相减作用):1counteraction(抵消作用):0Incompatibility(配伍禁忌),BiologicalFactors,Section2,1.PhysiologicalFactors,Age:Children:Theaged:Gender:Bodyweight(BW):Interindividualvariation:hypersensitivitySmoking:hepaticdrugenzymeactivityDrinkingwineorliquor:Alcoholenhanceshepaticdrugenzymeactivity;whenacuteandlargeamountadministration,itmakesthehepaticdrugenzymesaturation.Drinkingtea:Tannicacid(鞣酸)influencesdrugabsorption.Elixophylline(茶碱)excitesthecentralnervoussystemandheart,promotesdiuresis(利尿).Environment:,医生就是药,医生每用一次药