初三下重点单词短语句型语法考点荟萃

精品教育初三下重点单词短语句型语法考点荟萃Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? (A) 词汇部分1. safe adj. 安全的 (反义词dangerous) safety n. 安全(反义词danger，名词前均用介词in,无冠词) safely adv. 安全地 (反义词dangerously)2. direct adj. 直接的，直率的v. 指挥，导演 director n. 主任，导演 direction n.方向，用法3. wonder v. = want to do觉得奇怪，想知道 wonderful adj. 奇妙的，极好的 (B) 短语部分1. dress up (as) 打扮(成)，装扮(成)2. lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人3. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 in order that为了，以便于 (后面跟句子，可以转换为so that, in order to, so as to) in order to 为了，以便于(后面接不定式短语，不接句子，可以转换为so as to, in order that +clause, so that+ clause)4. lead to 通向，领向 lead sb. /sth to 领着某人/某物朝.5. hand in 上交 hand out 6. go past /by= pass 经过，过了7. ask for 请求，要求 (还可以是ask sb. for sth. /sb.)8. depend on 依靠，依赖9. pay for 付款，赔偿 (可以是pay sb. for sth., pay some money for sth., pay sb. some money for sth.)10. hang out 闲荡，常去某处，居住2. get v. 得到、买、到达3. make a telephone call 打电话 4. save money 省钱、存钱 5. 问路常用的句子： Do you know where is ? Can you tell me how can I get to ?Could you tell me how to get to ？Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情Could you tell me how to get to the park?请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？中的how to get to the park 是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句，可是相当于how I can get to the park（宾语从句）如：I dont know how to solve the problem. =I dont know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开？6. 日常交际用语： take the elevator / escalator to the floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到楼 turn left / right = take a left / right 向左/ 右转 go past 经过 go straight 向前直走7. next to 旁边、紧接着 如：Lily is next to Ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。8. between and 在和之间 如: Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。9. decide to do 决定做 She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。 decide v. decision n. make a decision 做个决定10. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？ 中的to hang out修饰前面名词place，不定式作定语. 如：There are something to eat. 这有吃的东西。中的to eat修饰代词something，作定语.11. kind of +adj./ adv. 译为“有点、一点”如： She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。12. expensive 贵的 反义词 inexpensive 不贵的13. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的14. take a vacation = go on a vacation 去度假15. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成. 如：He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas. 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。16. on the beach 在海滩上 的介词用 on17. politely adv. 有礼貌地 polite adj. 有礼貌的18. depend on sth / doing / 从句 根据、依靠、依赖、决定于 Living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。 We cant depend on his answer. 我们不能根据他的回答。 That depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事。19. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 常用的结构有： prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。 prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。 prefer sth to sth. 同相比更喜欢 I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。 prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。20. on the other hand 另一方面21. 把借给某人lend sb. sth. lend sth.to sb. 如：Lily lent me her book. = Lily lent her book to me .莉莉把她的书借给了我。22. such as23. Im sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。24. in a way 在某种程度说25. in order to do 为了做 表目的 如：He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。26. 等级/同级比较：asas ， not as/soasas + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as 表示“和一样的”“和一样的” 如：He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。 否定式：not as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as = not so + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as He doesnt work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力。27. hand in 上交重点句型1. Theres sth. /sb. v-ing.有某事(人)在 Theres always something happening. 总是有事情发生。2. prefer v-ing 更喜欢做I prefer being outside. 我更喜欢呆在外面。3. spend some time/money v-ing sth. 做某事花时间/金钱when I go into stores I always spend too much money!我走进商店时，总是花掉太多的钱。Parents will spend many happy hours walking through the History Museum.父母将漫步在历史博物馆中度过许多愉快的时光。Sometimes we might even need to spend some time leading in to a question or request.有时我们甚至可能需要花些时间来导入问题或请求。4. Im sorry to v sth. 做某事对不起。 Im sorry to trouble you but. 对不起，麻烦你了，但.5. in order not to v sth. 为了不做某事in order not to offend people, 为也不得罪人6. Could you (please) tell me 疑问词to v? = Could you tell me 疑问词 clause? Could you tell me how to get to the post office? = Could you tell me the way to the post office? = Could you tell me where the post office is? 你可以告诉如何到达邮局吗？ Could you please tell me if there are any good museums in Newtown? 你可以告诉我在Newtown是否有好的博物馆？语法焦点宾语从句宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if /whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。 1. 连接词 1) 由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。如： He said that he would like to see the headmaster. 2) 由连接词whether /if引导一般疑问句，whether和if 常可互换，但下列场合一般用whether。 介词后的宾语从句：Im thinking of whether hell come. 与or not连用：I dont know whether or not I should go. 在discuss后用：3) 由连接代词what, who (whom, whose) which或连接副词when, where, why, how引导特殊疑问句。如：Do you know who/whom she is waiting for? 如年江西中考试题课标卷：-Do you remember _he came here?-Of course I do. His father drove him here.A. whether B. when C. how D. why (答案为C)再如年江苏镇江市中考试题：I am wondering _ Liu Xiang will have time to _ the meeting.A. whether, attend B. that, attend C. whether, appear D. that, appear (答案为A) 2. 语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒，即连接词主谓结构。如： (1) Bill wanted to know who did this. (2) I dont know whats the matter with Bob? (3) I dont know whats wrong with them? 如年陕西省中考试题：- Could you tell me _for the meeting yesterday?- Because the traffic was bad.A. why did you come late B. why you came lateC. why do you come late D. why you come late (答案为B) 3. 时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用其它任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 如： Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? 再如年苏州市中考试题：-Could you tell me _ tomorrow morning? -Well, it will start at 9 clock. A. when the film will start B. where will the film starts C. when will the film start D. where the film will start (答案为A)如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都只能用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.再如年四川省巴中市中考试题：When I was a little girl, my parents told me the earth _ around the sun. A. went B. goes C. had gone (答案为B) 注意：在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句中否定。如：(对) I dont think that English is easy.(误) I think that English is not easy. 再如年河南省中考试题：- Could you please tell me _?-Bus No. 32 will take you right there.A. where is Henan MuseumB. What Henan Museum is likeC. how can I get to Henan MuseumD. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum (答案为D)考点链接【点击原文】decide to do 决定做（P88）【链接中考】 -Laura, weve decided _ on a trip this afternoon. Will you join us?-Im afraid not. I have a composition _. (江苏扬州)A. to go, to write B. to go, writing C. going, to write D. going, writing 【真题解读】A。decide后面接动词时要用动词不定式，由此排除C、D；结合“Im afraid not(恐怕我今天下午我不能旅行)”可知“我有一篇作文要写”，故应用动词不定式作定语修饰composition。因此选A。【点击原文】Why not? 为什么不呢？（P88）【链接中考】-Would you like to go to the zoo with us?- (湖北荆州)A. No. Im busy. B. Why not?C. Thank you. D. Thats all right.【真题解读】B。四个选项分别意为“不，我很忙”、“为什么不呢？”、“谢谢你”、“没关系”。根据题意“你想和我们一起去动物园吗？”可选出正确答案为B。Why not?是“为什么不呢？”的意思，是一个反问的语气，后面接动词时要用动词原形。【点击原文】kinds of 有点儿（P88）【链接中考】 I like koala bears because they are kind of interesting. (词语释义) (漳州课改区)A. very B. a few C. a bit D. too【真题解读】C。本题划线部分kind of也是“有点儿”的意思，比较四个选项，即可选出正确答案为C。a bit 意为“一点儿”，作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及形容词和副词的比较级时，a bit可与a little替换；作定语修饰不可数名词时，要先加介词of，再接名词。还应注意：not a little和not a bit两者意义完全不同，前者意为“很多、不少（=much）”，后者意为“一点也不、一点也没有（=not at all）”。【点击原文】Its also just fun to watch people. (P88)【链接中考】Its a good habit _ breakfast every day. （陕西省）A. had B. have C. has D. to have【真题解读】D。考查动词不定式作主语。句式“It is +n. +of +sb. to do sth.”中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.动词不定式作主语时，这样可以使句子避免头重脚轻。就本题而言，由关键词its即可确定正确答案为D。类似的句式还有“It is +adj. + to do sth.”。【点击原文】Well, when I go into stores I always spend too much money! (P88)【链接中考】Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of _ rich food. (黑龙江哈尔滨)A. too much B. much too C. very much 【真题解读】A。考查too much短语。too much意为“太多”，常作形容词词组，用来修饰不可数名词；而much too的含义是“（实在）太”，它常用作副词，用来修饰形容词和副词。三个选项都含much，由题中的关键信息rich food可知正确答案为A。【点击原文】dress up (as) 打扮(成)，装扮(成) (P90)【链接中考】The father often dresses up _ a tiger to frighten his son. ( 辽宁)A. as B. on C. in D. to【真题解读】A。本题是“父亲经常扮成考虑吓唬他的儿子”。故答案为A。【点击原文】Parents will spend many happy hours walking through the History Museum. (P90)【链接中考】He _ less time reading stories about film stars than before. (江苏南通)A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays 【真题解读】B。考查“花费”的辨析。四个选项都可以表示“花费”，区别是：take常用于It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 句型，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式；spend常用于“Sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.”句式，表示“某人做某事花费了多少时间/金钱”，其中介词in可以省略，也可以带着；cost常用于Sth. costs sb. some money.句型，其主语是物；pay的主语也是人，常与介词for连用。根据题中关键词reading即可选定正确答案为B。另spend还可以用在Sb. spends some time/money on sth.句式中，表示“某人在某事上花费了多少时间/金钱”。再如：You can not imagine how much I _ on this dress. Is it beautiful? ( 浙江绍兴市) A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent (答案为D)【点击原文】lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人 (P92)【链接中考】-Bob, may I_ your MP4? -Sure. But youd better not_ it to others. ( 福州市)A. lend; lend B. lend; borrow C. borrow; borrow D. borrow; lend【真题解读】D。borrow表示“借进”，短语为borrow sth. from sb.，而lend表示“借出”，短语是lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 句意是“我可以借你的MP4吗？可以，但你最好别借给其它人。”，故正确答案为D。【点击原文】depend on 依赖；由决定（P92）【链接中考】The price of the computer _ what kind you want to buy. (福建厦门)A. goes on B. takes after C. depends on 【真题解读】C。三个选项分别意为“继续”、“像”、“依靠；决定”，根据题意“电脑的价格决定你要买的款式”可选正确答案为C。另外，depend on也可以说成depend upon，后面接名词、代词、动名词或that从句作宾语。Unit 12 Youre supposed to shake hands. (A) 词汇部分1. relaxed adj. 放松的，宽松的(修饰人)relaxing adj. 放松的，宽松的(修饰物)2. full adj. 满的，饱的 fill v. 充满，装满 be full of 充满，装满3. crowd v. 挤满，充满 n. 人群 crowded adj. 拥挤的4. mostly adv. =mainly 多半，主要地，通常 most adj. adv. & pron.最，大多数(的)5. pleased adj.高兴的，愉快的(修饰人) pleasant adj.愉悦的(修饰物) pleasure n.高兴，快乐 please v.请，使高兴6. normally adv. 通常，正常地normal adj.正常的7. beside prep. 在旁边，在.附近 besides prep. 除开还8. different adj.不同的 differently adv.不同地 difference n. 不同，区别(可数) be different from 与不同 (注意后面是size时，介词用in不是from)(B) 短语部分1. shake hands 握手2. drop by place 顺便(偶然)拜访某地 drop in on sb. 顺便(偶然)拜访某人 drop in at place 顺便(偶然)拜访某地3. after all 毕竟，终究，究竟4. pick up 捡起，拾起，搭载5. make (a) noise 发出令人不愉快的声音6. go out of ones way to do sth. 特地做某事7. make sb. feel at home 使某感到宾至如归(或在自家一样)8. be /get used to v-ing sth. 习惯做某事 be used to v = be used for v-ing sth. 被用来做某事 used to v sth.过去常常做某事(现在不做了)9. be full of = be filled with 充满，装满10. learn by oneself 自学11. make faces = make a face 扮鬼脸12. not just but =not onlybut also 不仅而且13. be supposed to do 应该做，被要求做14. on time 准时，按时 in time及时15. arrive in /at 到达(in大地方，at小地方)16. point at 指着(一般较近的) point to 指向(一般稍远的) point out 指出17. make plans to v 计划做18. be relaxed about 对感觉轻松19. make some mistakes 犯错 by mistake 错误地 mistake for 把.误认为20. for the first time 第一次，初次21. as you can imagine 正如你所想像的1. be supposed to do .应该如： We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。知识拓展表示应该的词有：should, ought to ,be supposed to 2. shake hands握手shake 本意是“摇动、震动”3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是“情态动词现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做如：She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。（没有去）4. be relaxed about sth.对某事随意、不严格如：They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。5. pretty adv. 相当,很veryShe is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。 adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。6. make plans to do = plan to do. 打算做某事如：She has made plans to go to Beijing.=She has planed to go to Beijing.7. drop by 访问看望拜访串门We just dropped by our friends homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。8. on time 按时9.after all 毕竟终究如：You see I was right after all.你看，毕竟还是我对了。10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事如：Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。11. without 没有12. around the world = all over the world 全世界13. pick up 捡起挑选如：He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。14. start doing = start to do 开始做某事如：He started reading.= He started to read. 他开始读。15. point at 指向16. stick v. 剌截n. 棒，棍 chopstick 筷子是由chop(砍)stick(棒)合成，通常用复数形式：chopsticks17. go out of ones way to do 特意，专门做某事如：He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。18. make mistakes 犯错误（复数）make a mistake 犯错误（一个）19. be different from 与不同如：Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.20. get/be used to sth. 习惯于 get/be used to doing习惯于 be used to do 被用于做 be used for doing被用于做 used to do 过去常常做如： I wash clothes everyday. But Im used to it.我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。 The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。 The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。 She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。I find it difficult to remember everything.形式宾语 真正宾语常见的形式宾语有：find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如： I think it hard to study English.22. cut up 切开切碎如：Lets cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。23. make a toast 敬酒24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是：crowded25. set n. 一套v. 设置26. cant stop doing 忍不住做某事I cant stop laughing. 我忍不住笑27. make faces做鬼脸28.face to face 面对面29. learnby oneself 自学如：I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。重点句型1. Its adj. to v sth. 做某事怎么样？Its polite to make noise while eating noodles.吃面条时发出声音是礼貌的。2. The 序数词 n is to v sth. 第.做某事。 The first thing is to greet the teacher.第一件事是问候老师。3. be /get used to sth. /v-ing sth.习惯做某事 be used to v sth.被用用做某事 but Im gradually getting used to things and 但是我正逐渐地习惯那些事情并且 I was used to eating with chopsticks and a spoon, 我习惯了用筷子和汤匙吃饭。 E-mail English is a new kind of written English that is being used to save time.邮件英语是一种被用来节约时间的书面语。语法焦点非谓语动词一、v-ing动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。一般式主动 writing被动 being written完成式主动having written 被动having been written1. 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1）作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：avoid 避免,complete完成, consider认为, enjoy 喜欢,escape 逃脱, finish 完成, imagine 想象, mind 介意, miss 想念, practice 训练, suggest 建议, face 面对, include 包括, stand 忍受, understand 理解, keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。如年重庆市中考试题(非课改实验区考生做)- Would you mind _ my pet dog when I am out?- Sorry, I cant. I have to study for my test this week.A. take care of B. taking care of C. to take care of D. taking care (答案为B)如年淄博市中考试题：Its a bit cold.Would you mind my all the windows? - Do as you like, please. A. closeB. will closeC. closing D. to close (答案为C) b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。如preferto, be used to, lead to, no good, no use, be fond of(喜欢), look forward to, be proud of, be busy, cant help(忍不住), be tired of(讨厌), be afraid of, think of, feel like, keep on, put off, be good at, give up, be successful in, be worth(值得), pay attention to, have fun, have trouble/difficulty, stop /keep /prevent .from等。 如年北京中考大纲卷： The new term is coming. The students are busy _ the classrooms.A. clean B. cleans C. to cleanD. cleaning (答案为D)如年潍坊市中考试题：We went to Hainan Island on May Day and had great fun _ in the sea.A. surf B. surfs C. surfing D. to surf (答案为C)如年临沂市中考试题：China will spend about 52 billion yuan _ new airports and _ old ones in the west of China in the 11 th Five-Year Plan period(时期).A. repairing, building B. to build, repairC. building, repairing D. to repair, build (答案为C)3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台a swimming pool = a pool swimming 游泳池有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：boiling point = a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点a walking tractor = a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机二、动词不定式 不定式的构成是to+动词原形。当然to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。1. 不定式省to有四种情况： 1) 使役动词 let, have, make 等后接不定式。如：Let him go! 让他走! 2) would rather，had better后。如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。 如年北京中考大纲卷： You look tired. Youd better _ a good sleep.A. haveB. havingC. hadD. to have (答案为A) 3) Why. / why not.后。如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢? 如年重庆市中考试题：(课改实验区考生做)- Why not _ music club?- Im sorry. I cant sing or dance.A. to join B. join C. joining D. to join in (答案为B) 4)感官动词 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作宾补，省to。如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to。如：The boss made them work the whole night.变成被动句：They were made to work the whole night. 如年山东济南中考试题：The young man was often seen _by the lake.A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew (答案为A)5) but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。如：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。比较：