英语句子成分

英语重结构，汉语重语义。,“就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。”-王力,文章,段落,句子,词组,单词,句子成分,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,定语,补语,表语,句子的成分,表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”,主语,GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Threeisenough.Doingtheworkishardforhim.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.,-名词-代词-数词-动名词-不定式-主语从句,主语在哪里,Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.,Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.,Whathehassaidistrue.,Seeingisbelieving.,说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。,主谓要一致,谓语,WeloveChina.,Hehasabadcold.,Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.,谓语在哪里,TheycanspeakEnglishwell.,助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语,Helookedaftertwoboys.,Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.,表示动作,行为的对象说明主语“做什么”,宾语,Heislookingatthedog.,宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后,宾语,TomteachesusEnglish.,双宾语,人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语,Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.ABCD,宾语在哪里,Iboughtacomputerlastweek.ABCD,说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后,表语,Hermotherisateacher.,Thefoodtastesdelicious.,Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.,系动词,状态系动词表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be。,Iamhungry.,持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay等。,Hebecamemadafterthat.,系动词,感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。,Thisflowersmellsverysweet.,变化系动词表示主语变化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。,找出表语,Everythinglooksnice.,Hisfaceturnedred.,Heishappy.,修饰名词或代词,定语,Shesagoodbasketballplayer.,Whatsyourname?,Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.,找出定语,Somepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCD,Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD,修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。,状语,ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.,Hesattherequietly.,找出状语,Hebeganwritingwhenhewaseleven.ABCD,Therewasabigsmileonherface.ABCD,用来补充说明宾语的情况,宾语补足语,Weelectedhimourmonitor.,Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.,IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCD,TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD,找出宾补,ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,Summary,练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型太阳升起来了。(rise)她喜欢看书。他的脸红了。(turnred)4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。(paint),练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型太阳从东方升起来了。(rise)她喜欢看书。他的脸红了。(turnred)4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。(paint),Thesunhasrisenintheeast.Sheenjoysreading.Hisfaceturnedred.Ishowedhimmypictures.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.,简单句的五种基本句型,1主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）,Hecame.Shedances.,yesterdayevening.,twohours.,inthepasttenyears.,1她昨天回家很晚。,2会议将持续两个小时。,3在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,Shewenthome,verylate,Themeetingwilllast,Greatchangeshavetakenplace,inmyhometown,巩固练习：,2主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O),Isawher.TheylikewatchingTV.,1昨晚我写了一封信。,2今天下午我想同你谈谈。,3这本书他读过多次了,4他们成功地完成了计划。,5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,Iwrotealetter,lastnight.,Iwanttotalkwithyou,thisafternoon.,Hehasreadthisbook,manytimes.,Theyhavecarriedouttheplan,successfully.,Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguages,fluently.,巩固练习：,简单句的基本句型3双宾语结构,3主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)(IOindirect),Igaveherabook.Sheshowedherfriendsallthepictures.,汉译英练习双宾语结构说明：由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，,Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。,常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。,1Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。,MrJohnsontaughtusGerman,lastyear.,Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstory,lastnight.,Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?,Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.,4主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P),Iamastudent.Shelooksveryyoung.,英语基本句型-4主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;,巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.,Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.,Childrenseldomkeepquiet.,Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.,5主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+OC),IaskedMarytohelpme.Wecallourheadmasterawiseman.,巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,WecallherAlice.,Allofusconsideredhimhonest.,Theyhavesetthethieffree.,Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.,Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.,EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.,Hehashishaircutonceamonth.,Wewontlethergooutatnight.,请说出下列句子类型。,1.Summeriscoming.2.Theyaredrinkingwater.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.Shetoldmewhattodo.5.Theweatherisverycold.,S+V,S+V+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,S+V+P,英语基本句型6Therebe句型,英语基本句型6Therebe句型说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+其他”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.,be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有Thereis/are过去有Therewas/were将来有Therewillbe；Thereis/aregoingtobe.现在已经有Therehas/havebeen可能有Theremightbe.肯定有TheremustbeTheremusthavebeen.过去曾经有Thereusedtobe似乎有Thereseems/seem/seemedtobe碰巧有Therehappen/happens/happenedtobe,巩固练习：1这个村子过去只有一口井。2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3天气预报说下午有大风。4灯亮着，办公室