高中英语五大句型讲解PPT课件

,高中英语五大基本句型,1,-,一、句子成分：,定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主要成分：主语和谓语其他成分：宾语、定语、状语、补足语（宾补）、表语、同位语。,2,-,ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,3,-,主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,4,-,找出句中主语,Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,5,-,谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成：Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehascaughtabadcold.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing.Thelittlegirlisdrawingapicture.,6,-,（三）宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.间接宾语直接宾语,7,-,Pleasepassmethebook.Heboughtmesomeflowers.Ilikemyjob.Iloveyou.Hewantedtoleavehere.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.,8,-,（四）定语,修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.Thereare67studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.,9,-,（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.,10,-,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.,11,-,（六）宾语补足语,有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有make,consider,see,find,call,get,have,let.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.,12,-,（七）表语,系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征.常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go等。系动词不用于被动语态.Theappletastessweet.Thatsoundsgood.,13,-,Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Whowasthefirst?ThebookiswhatIneed.,14,-,（八）同位语,位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况.Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.从句HetoldmethenewsthatIaminterestedin.从句,15,-,句子成分练一练：,1.Classbeginsateight.2.Thekindteachersarehavingameeting.3.Thisisthestudentwhowasabsentyesterday.4.Putupyourhandifyouhaveanyquestions.5.Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth.6.Thereisapenonthedesk.,16,-,7.Whoteachesyourmaths,XiaoHua?8.ThisstoryhappenedinLondon.9.Therichshouldhelpthepoorgetjobs.10.Thisweekend,someofusaregoingtohaveawonderfulpicnicwiththeteacher.,17,-,写一写：,1.我父母都是教师。Myparentsarebothteachers.2.他今天看起来不开心。Helooksunhappytoday.3.帮助穷人是必须的。Itisnecessarytohelpthepoor.4.这个故事发生在北京。ThestoryhappenedinBeijing.5.我们学生应该努力学习。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.,18,-,二、简单句的五种基本句型：,英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+link-+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）,19,-,基本句型一：+（主谓）,本结构是由主语+不及物动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。例：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。Theredsunrisesintheeast.Tomleftyesterday.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake.,20,-,基本句型二：+link-+（主系表）,本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,fall,come,grow;,21,-,22,-,基本句型三+（主谓宾）,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,23,-,24,-,基本句型四:+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）,说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。例：Mymotherboughtmeabirthdaygift.Hegavemeastorybook.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for.Mymotherboughtabirthdaygiftforme.Hegaveastorybooktome.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。,25,-,常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,pass(递、传）,offer,send,take,teach,tell,write,ask,show等；（需借助for的）bring,buy,cook,choose,find,get,make,sing等。,26,-,27,1Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。,Mr.JohnsontaughtusGerman,lastyear.,Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstory,lastnight.,Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?,Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.,-,基本句型五:+（主谓宾宾补）,此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语和宾语补足语有逻辑主谓关系，若无宾语补足语句意不完整，可以用作宾补的有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词.Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.,28,-,29,-,注：,用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，而it只起到引导作用，无意义。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语（可以为不定式，动名词，从句）。如：Ifeltitverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.搭配it做形式宾语的谓语动词有：find，think,consider,feel,believe,make等。.HefounditimportantlearningEnglishwell.Idontthinkitpossible