2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonlivinginthevirtualworld.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenpeoplespendmoreandmoretimeinthevirtualworldinsteadofinteractingintherealworld.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200wordsSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The mans switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by ones competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts ones long-term memory under more stress. SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itmightaffectmothershealth.B)Itmightdisturbinfantssleep.C)Itmightincreasetheriskofinfants,death.D)Itmightincreasemothersmentaldistress.10.A)Motherswhobreast-feedtheirbabieshaveahardertimefallingasleep.B)Motherswhosleepwiththeirbabiesneedalittlemoresleepeachnight.C)Sleepingpatternsofmothersgreatlyaffecttheirnewbornbabieshealth.D)Sleepingwithinfantsinthesameroomhasanegativeimpactonmothers.11.A)Changetheirsleeppatternstoadapttotheirnewbornbabies.B)Sleepinthesameroombutnotinthesamebedastheirbabies.C)Sleepinthesamehousebutnotinthesameroomastheirbabies.D)Takeprecautionstoreducetheriskofsuddeninfantdeathsyndrome.PassageTwoQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)AlotofnativelanguageshavealreadydiedoutintheUS.B)TheUSranksfirstinthenumberofendangeredlanguages.C)TheeffortstopreserveIndianlanguageshaveprovedfruitless.D)MoremoneyisneededtorecordthenativelanguagesintheUS.13.A)Tosetupmorelanguageschools.B)Todocumentendangeredlanguages.C)ToeducatenativeAmericanchildren.D)TorevitaliseAmericasnativelanguages.14.A)TheUSgovemmentspolicyofAmericanisingIndianchildren.B)ThefailureofAmericanIndianlanguagestogainanofficialstatus.C)TheUSgovernmentsunwillingnesstospendmoneyeducatingIndians.D)Thelong-timeisolationofAmericanIndiansfromtheoutsideworld.15.A)Itisbeingutilisedtoteachnativelanguages.B)Ittellstraditionalstoriesduringfamilytime.C)Itspeedsuptheextinctionofnativelanguages.D)Itiswidelyusedinlanguageimmersionschools.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.RecordingOneQuestions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itpaysthemuptohalfoftheirpreviouswageswhiletheylookforwork.B)Itcoverstheirmortgagepaymentsandmedicalexpensesfor99weeks.C)Itpaystheirlivingexpensesuntiltheyfindemploymentagain.D)Itprovidesthemwiththebasicnecessitiesofeverydaylife.17.A)Creatingjobsforthehugearmyofunemployedworkers.B)Providingtrainingandguidanceforunemployedworkers.C)Convincinglocallawmakerstoextendunemploymentbenefits.D)Raisingfundstohelpthosehavingnounemploymentinsurance.18.A)Toofferthemloanstheyneedtostarttheirownbusinesses.B)Toallowthemtopostponetheirmonthlymortgagepayments.C)Tocreatemorejobsbyencouragingprivateinvestmentsinlocalcompanies.D)Toencouragebigbusinessestohirebackworkerswithgovernmentsubsidies.RecordingTwoQuestions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theymeasuredthedepthsofseawater.B)Theyanalyzedthewatercontent.C)Theyexploredtheoceanfloor.D)Theyinvestigatedtheice.20.A)Eightypercentoftheicedisappearsinsummertime.B)Mostoftheicewasaccumulatedoverthepastcenturies.C)Theiceensuresthesurvivalofmanyendangeredspecies.D)Theicedecreaseismoreevidentthanpreviouslythought.21.A)Arcticiceisamajorsourceoftheworldsfreshwater.B)ThemeltingArcticicehasdrownedmanycoastalcities.C)ThedeclineofArcticiceisirreversible.D)Arcticiceisessentialtohumansurvival.22.A)Itwilldoalotofharmtomankind.B)Thereisnoeasywaytounderstandit.C)Itwilladvancenucleartechnology.D)Thereisnoeasytechnologicalsolutiontoit.RecordingThreeQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)ThereasonwhyNewZealandchildrenseemtohavebetterself-control.B)Therelationbetweenchildrensself-controlandtheirfuturesuccess.C)Thehealthproblemsofchildrenraisedbyasingleparent.D)Thedecidingfactorinchildrensacademicperformance.24.A)Childrenraisedbysingleparentswillhaveahardtimeintheirthirties.B)Thosewithacriminalrecordmostlycomefromsingleparentfamilies.C)Parentsmustlearntoexerciseself-controlinfrontoftheirchildren.D)Lackofself-controlinparentsisadisadvantagefortheirchildren.25.A)Self-controlcanbeimprovedthrougheducation.B)Self-controlcanimproveonesfinancialsituation.C)Self-controlproblemsmaybedetectedearlyinchildren.D)Self-controlproblemswilldiminishasonegrowsup.Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fearman-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26_ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27_ of computational power and engineering advances will 28_ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29_ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30_ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31_ someones privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbors cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32_ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33_ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34_ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35_ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturers driving record, not the passengers.A. arisesB. ascendsC. boundD. combinationE. definiteF. eventuallyG. interfereH. invadeI. manifestingJ. penaltiesK. preservingL. programmedM. proximatelyN. victimsO. widespreadSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ReformandMedicalCostsAAmericansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancepremiums.Theyneedtoknowifreformwillhelpsolvetheproblem.Theansweristhatnoonehasaneasyfixforrisingmedicalcosts.Thefundamentalfixreshapinghowcareisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawasteful,abnormalsystemislikelytobeachievedonlythroughtrialanderrorandincremental(渐进的）gains.BThegoodnewsisthatabilljustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSenateFinanceCommitteewouldimplementortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpslowtheriseinmedicalcostsoverthelongterm.AsareportinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineconcluded, Prettymucheveryproposedinnovationfoundinthehealthpolicyliteraturethesedaysiscontainedinthesemeasures.CMedicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandtheoveralleconomy,ispropelledbytwothings:thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountryandthevolumeofunnecessarycaredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoftenperformalotmoretestsandtreatmentsthanapatientreallyneeds.DHerearesomeoftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotrytoaddressthoseproblems,andwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork.EBothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals,nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyamountscomparabletotheproductivitysavingsroutinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewwaystoorganizework.ThisproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorethan$100billionoverthenextdecade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilarproductivitysavingsfromproviders,andrefusedtoletprovidersshiftadditionalcoststothem,thesavingscouldbemuchlarger.CriticssayCongresswillgiveintolobbyistsandletinefficientprovidersoffthehookThatisfarlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrongupaygo”rulesrequiringthatanyincreaseinpaymentstoprovidersbeoffsetbynewtaxesorbudgetcuts.FTheSenateFinancebillwouldimposeanexcisetax(消费税）onhealthinsuranceplansthatcostmorethan$8,000foranindividualor$21,000forafamily.Itwouldmostlikelycauseinsurerstoredesignplanstofallbeneaththethreshold.Enrolleeswouldhavetopaymoremoneyformanyservicesoutoftheirownpockets,andthatwouldencouragethemtothinktwiceaboutwhetheranexpensiveorredundanttestwasworthit.Economistsprojectthatmostemployerswouldshiftmoneyfromexpensivehealthbenefitsintowages.TheHousebillhasnosimilartax.Thefinallegislationshould.GAnydoctorwhohaswrestledwithmultipleformsfromdifferentinsurers,orpatientswhohavetriedtounderstandtheirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplificationoughttosavemoney.Whenthehealthinsuranceindustrywasstillcooperatinginreformefforts,itstradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedformsforautomatedprocessing.Itestimatedthatstepwouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsoverthenextdecade.Thebillswouldlockthatpledgeintolaw.HThestimuluspackageprovidedmoneytoconverttheinefficient,paper-drivenmedicalsystemtoelectronicrecordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisrequiresopeninvestmentstohelpdoctorsconvert.Intimeitshouldhelprestraincostsbyeliminatingredundanttests,preventingdruginteractions,andhelpingdoctorsfindthebesttreatments.IVirtuallyallexpertsagreethatthefee-for-servicesystemdoctorsarerewardedforthequantityofcareratherthanitsqualityoreffectivenessisaprimaryreasonthatthecostofcareissohigh.Mostagreethatthesolutionistopushdoctorstoacceptfixedpaymentstocareforaparticularillnessorforapatientsneedsoverayear.Nooneknowshowtomakethathappenquickly.ThebillsinbothhouseswouldstartpilotprojectswithinMedicare.Theyincludesuchmeasuresasaccountablecareorganizationstotakechargeofapatientsneedswithaneyeonbothcostandquality,andchronicdiseasemanagementtomakesuretheseriouslyill,whoareresponsibleforthebulkofallhealthcarecosts,aretreatedproperly.Forthemostpart,theseexperimentsrelyonincentivepaymentstogetdoctorstotrythem.JTestinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodexperimentsareidentifiedandexpandedandthebadonesaredropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreateanindependentcommissiontomonitorthepilotprogramsandrecommendchangesinMedicarespaymentpoliciestourgeproviderstoadoptreformsthatwork.ThechangeswouldhavetobeapprovedorrejectedasawholebyCongress,makingithardfornarrow-interestlobbiestobendlawmakerstotheirwill.KThebillsinbothchamberswouldcreatehealthinsuranceexchangesonwhichsmallbusinessesandindividualscouldchoosefromanarrayofprivateplansandpossiblyapublicoption.Alltheplanswouldhavetoprovidestandardbenefitpackagesthatwouldbeeasytocompare.Togetaccesstomillionsofnewcustomers,insurerswouldhaveastrongincentivetosellontheexchange.Andthehead-to-headcompetitionmightgivethemastrongincentivetolowertheirprices,perhapsbyacceptingslimmerprofitmarginsordemandingbetterdealsfromproviders.LThefinallegislationmightthrowapublicplanintothecompetition,butthankstothefierceoppositionoftheinsuranceindustryandRepublicancritics,itmightnotsavemuchmoney.TheoneintheHousebillwouldhavetonegotiaterateswithproviders,ratherthanusingMedicarerates,asmanyreformerswanted.MThepresidentsstimuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocomparehowwellvarioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiationorcarefulmonitoringbestforprostate(前列腺)cancer?Isthelatestandmostexpensivecholesterol-loweringdruganybetterthanitscommoncompetitors?Thependingbillswouldspendadditionalmoneytoacceleratethiseffort.NCriticshavechargedthatthissensibleideawouldleadtorationingofcare. (Thatwouldbetrueonlyifyoubelievedthatpatientsshouldhaveanunrestrainedrighttotreatmentsproventobeinferior.)Asaresult,thebillsdonotrequire,astheyshould,thattheresultsofthesestudiesbeusedtosetpaymentratesinMedicare.OCongressneedstofindthecouragetoallowMedicaretopaypreferentiallyfortreatmentsproventobesuperior.Sometimesthebesttreatmentmightbethemostexpensive.Butoverall,wesuspectthatspendingwouldcomedownthrougheliminationofalotofunnecessaryorevendangeroustestsandtreatments.PTheHousebillwouldauthorizethesecretaryofhealthandhumanservicestonegotiatedrugpricesinMedicareandMedicaid.Someauthoritativeanalystsdoubtthatthesecretarywouldgetbetterdealsthanprivateinsurersalreadyget.Webelievenegotiationcouldwork.Itdoesinothercountries.QMissingfromthesebillsisanyseriousattempttoreininmalpracticecosts.Malpracticeawardsdodriveupinsurancepremiumsfordoctorsinhigh-riskspecialties,andthereissomeevidencethatdoctorsengageindefensivemedicinebyperformingtestsandtreatmentsprimarilytoprovetheyarenotnegligentshouldtheygetsued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Withataximposedonexpensivehealthinsuranceplans,mostemployerswilllikelytransfermoneyfromhealthexpensesintowages.37.Changesinpolicywouldbeapprovedorrejectedasawholesothatlobbyistswouldfindithardtoinfluencelawmakers.38.ItisnoteasytocurbtherisingmedicalcostsinAmerica.39.Standardizationofformsforautomaticprocessingwillsavealotofmedicalexpenses.40.Republicansandtheinsuranceindust