五、动名词、现在分词、过去分词(V+ing结构)

动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构),动名词、现在分词在形式上无区别，动名词具有名词性质，而现在分词具有形容词、副词性质。,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构),一般地，Ving结构作主语、表语、动词宾语、介词宾语、前置定语时为动名词，后置定语、状语时为现在分词。,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构),动名词：既具有动词的性质，后可接宾语，可用副词修饰语，又占据名词的位置，可作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语和补语。,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)一,作主语Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.作主语时有时用it引导的形式主语。Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.Itisworthwhilediscussingthequestionagain.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)二,作表语Ourdutyismakinginstruments.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)三,作动词宾语下列动词只接动名词作宾语：admit,avoid,deny,dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish,mind,miss(错过)，practice,require,suggest,risk,consider,admit,favor,delay,postpone,endure,escape,appreciate,canthelp.Haveyoufinishedrepairingthetaperecorder?可接动名词和不定式作宾语的词，但有些意义不同：attempt,begin,continue,forget,remember,hate,learn,like,love,prefer,need,regret,start,stop,try,wantTheybeganstudyingcomputerlastweek.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)四,1.remember,forget,regretCantyouremembertellingmethestorylastnight?Youmustremembertotellhimthenews.IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought.2.need,wantTheletterneedssigning.=Theletterneedstobesigned.Thehousewantsrepairing.=Thehousewantstoberepaired.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)五,3.stop,goonTheystopped(talking)towork.Theystoppedworking.Workerswentondiscussingtheproblem.Workerswentontodiscusstheproblem.4.try:trytoV：设法做某事tryving：尝试、试一试Letstryingdoingtheworkthisway.Illworkhard,andtrytoimprove.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)六,5.mean:meantoV：企图干、打算干meanVing：意味着Failingthisexammeanswaitingforayear.Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgettodoso.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)七,作介词宾语Theyinsistedongoinghomeimmediatelyafterthefinalexam.Ilookforwardtohercomingsoon.Iamproudofhavingsuchason.Howaboutgoingthere?Whatabouthavingaconcert?,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)八,作宾补两类词可接动名词作宾补：1.感官及心理状态的词：hear,feel,see,listento,lookat,smell,watch,find,notice,observeIheardhimwalkingtothisway.Hefeltsomeonetouchinghisshoulder.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)九,2.表示“致使”等意义的词：keep,have,leave,get,catch,setImsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingformesolong.Whatyouhavetoldleftmethinkingthatyouexperiencedmuchwhenyouwereyoung.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十,注意：see,hear,feel,watch,notice等接Ving时，表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还未结束。接toV时，表示动作发生了，即动作全过程结束。Isawhimcomingoutofthehouse.Isawhimcomeoutofthehouseanddriveawaybyhismotor.Ihearsomebodyshoutingoutside.Iheardhimknockatthedoor.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十一,作定语:一般地，前置定语为动名词,后置定语为现在分词Thesepassagesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterial.(动名词)Heexecutedmanycyclesofpaintingexpressingsignificantsocialthemes.(现在分词),动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十二,动名词的时态和语态:一般时态:doing被动语态:beingdone完成时态:havingdone完成时态被动语态:havingbeendone,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十三,动名词的逻辑主语:动名词具有动词的性质外,还具有名词的性质,即可附加物主代词和名词的格来表示其逻辑主语。物主代词+动名词:Areyousurprisedatmyvisiting?Doyoumindhissmoking?做宾语时,在口语中常用:Doyoumindhimsmoking?名词所有格+动名词:Tomsgoingtherebringsprospectstothelocalpeople.在正式文体中,多用:Tomgoingtherebringsprospectstothelocalpeople.Philipcominghomeisagreatpleasuretohisparents.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十四,现在分词作状语-A)表示时间(when,while)1.现在分词的一般时态Ving,现在分词的动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。Comingtotheroom,Ifoundhimsobbing.=WhenIcametotheroom,Ifoundhimsobbing.Whenarrivinghome,hefoundthedooropened.Helistenedtothemusicradiowhilereading.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十五,2.现在分词的完成时态havingVed,现在分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。Havingbeenthere3times,hedoesntwanttotraveltoBeijingonthisholiday.Havingexperiencedtoomuch,sheissophisticated.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十六,B)表示原因(as,because)Havinggotaheadache,Ididntcometotheconcert.C)表示条件(if)Workingdiligently,youwillpasstheentranceexam.D)表示让步(although,evenif)Althoughrepeatinghiswordsmanytimes,theteachercouldnotmakehisstudentsunderstandtheconcept.E)表示结果(so,thereby,thus)Heworkeddayandnight,makinghimselfnear-sighted.Hewishedtotravelallovertheworld,therebystudyingcustomsofothercountries.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十七,现在分词独立主格结构：当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时Weatherpermitting,wellgototheSummerPalacetomorrow.Thespeakersittingintheback,wecannothearaword.(Sittingintheback,wecannothearaword.),动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十八,Ving的被动语态beingVedBeingheated,theironsturnsredderandredder.Afterhavingbeentreatedthewatercanbeusedforraisingfish.,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)十九,V+ing固定用法1.Thereisno+Ving.不可能Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.Thereisnojokingaboutthismatter.2.Itisnouse/good/point+Ving没有用Itsnousesittinguptoolate.Itsnogoodquarrelingwithher.3.beworthdoing4.bebusydoing,动名词、现在分词(V+ing结构)二十,5.feellikedoing想.wouldliketoV6.What(How)about+Ving.如何？What(How)abouthavingashortbreaknow?7.spend+time+(in)+VingJanespentseveraldays(in)preparingforthefinalexam.8.havedifficulty(trouble,aproblem,agood(hard)time,fun)+(in)+VingTheyhavedifficultyincommunicatingwitheachother.9.Itisdifficult/hard/nice/funny+VingItisextremelydifficultgettingeverythingreadyinsuchashorttime.,过去分词Ved,1.作表语:Theglassisbroken.有些动词，它们的Ving和Ved都可当形容词，但意义与用法不同，Ved当形容词，表示“人感到(或对)怎么样”，Ving当形容词，表示“事物本身让人感到怎么样”Iminterestedinthebook.Thebookisveryinteresting.,过去分词Ved,2.作定语Theliberatedpeoplehavebecomematersofthecountry.Peoplebelievedthatseawatercontainseverynaturalelementknown.注意：1)作定语时不定式、现在分词、过去分词的区别：现在分词作定语表示正在进行或经常性动作或现状Givetheapplicationtothemansittingatthedesk.Theroomfacingsouthisourbedroom.2)过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动词之前发生Theriderinjuredinthetrafficaccidentwastakeninthehospital.3)不定式作定语表示一个将来的动作Youareinvitedtoapartytobegivenatouruniversityat6:30p.m.July3.,过去分词Ved,3.作状语Builtin1778,thebuildingisoneoftheoldestonesinthatarea.Causedmuchsorrowtoher,shebecamequitedispiritedrecently.Encouragedbythesuccessofwritingthebook,hedecidedtocontinuecomposinganotherone.Allthingsconsidered,hisgraduationthesisisofgreatvaluethanmine.(独立主格结构)Hereyesfilledwithtears,shedidnotnoticehiscoming.(独立主格结构),练习,Weshallappreciatefromyousoon.A.beingheardB.hearingC.tohearD.havingbeenheardJohnsuggestedanythingaboutituntiltheyfoundoutmorefacts.A.NottosayB.sayingnotC.tosaynotD.notsaying,Idontremember.A.EvertobesayingB.tohaveeversaidC.havingeversaidthatD.eversaidthatNooneavoidbyadvertisements.A.influencedB.influencingC.toinfluenceD.beinginfluenced,Susanwasveryunhappyfornottotheparty.A.TobeinvitedB.havingbeeninvitedC.invitingD.tohavebeeninvitedHeforgotabouthimtoattendmywifesbirthdayparty.A.IaskingB.myaskingC.metoaskD.minetoask,Wouldyoumindthecomputergameinyourroom?A.himplayingB.hisplayingC.himtoplayD.himplayDontriskthejobwhichsomanypeoplewant.A.losingB.toloseC.lostD.yourlifetolose,Idontthinkitisanyusethismatteranyfurther.A.discussingB.todiscussC.todiscussingD.tobediscussedInwinter,animalshaveahardtimeanythingtoeat.A.tofindB.tofindingC.tofindoutD.finding,Youdontobjectyoubyyourfirstname,doyou?A.formetocallB.metocallC.tomycallingD.mycallingWelookforwardtototheopeningceremony.A.inviteB.beinvitedC.havingbeeninvitedD.beinginvited,Shewassittinginanarmchairabook.A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.tohavereadanythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkaswell.A.NotknowB.KnownotC.KnowingnotD.Notknowing,Theyallreturnedtothevillagethatthedangerwasover.A.convincingB.convincedC.toconviceD.havingconvincedWekeptourallnighttofrightenthewolves.A.burningfireB.burntfireC.fireburningD.fireburnt,underamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.A.SeeingB.SeenC.ToseeD.TobeseenJohn,thebet,hadtopayforthedinner.A.lostB.havinglostC.losingD.havingloss,wedecidedtoleaveatonce,aswedidntwanttoriskmissingthebus.A.AsitbeingprettylateB.ItbeingprettylateC.ItwasbeingprettylateD.Beingprettylate,Pierreoftenmakeshimselfbygesturingwithhishands.A.tounderstandB.understandingC.tobeunderstoodD.understoodShetoldmethatitwasthemostgiftherdaughterhadreceived.A.delightingB.delightedC.delightsD.delight,Myparentsarewithmyprogress.A.pleaseB.pleasedC.pleasingD.beingpleasedTheinterviewershouldtakedownnotesatthemomentthepersonanswersthequestions.A.tobeinterviewedB.interviewingC.beinginterviewedD.interviewed,Standingonthebank,thechildrenwatchedtheshipwithallkindsofgoods.A.loadingB.beingloadedC.loadedD.havingloadedArrivinga