医学英语教程(4)

医学英语教程（4）,常用临床医学术语,diseases疾病,acutediseases急性病advanceddiseases病沉重期，晚期疾病chronicdiseases慢性病communicablediseases传染病complicatingdiseases并发病congenitaldiseases先天性疾病acquireddiseases后天性疾病contagiousdiseases接触性传染病endemicdiseases地方病epidemicdiseases流行病,functionaldiseases机能病、官能病infectiousdiseases传染病inheriteddiseases遗传病malignantdiseases恶性病nutritionaldiseases营养病occupationdiseases职业病organicdiseases器质性病paroxysmaldiseases阵发性病periodicaldiseases周期病primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病secondarydiseases继发病sexual(venereal,social)diseases性病terminaldiseases绝症wastingdiseases消耗性疾病,chiefcomplaint主诉clinicalmanifestation临床表现deliveryhistory分娩史Etiology病因学familyhistory家族史history,medicalhistory病史precipitating(induced)诱因maritalstatus婚姻状况menstrualhistory月经史menarche初潮menopause闭经pasthistory既往史pathogenesis发病机制personalhistory个人史,symptoms症状,cardinalsymptom主要症状classicalsymptom典型症状concomitantsymptom伴发症状constitutional(systemic)symptom全身症状indirectsymptom间接症状inducedsymptom诱发症状localsymptom局部症状mentalsymptom精神症状symptom-complex(syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群,signs体征,antecedent前驱征assident(accessory)副征commemorative后遗症signofdeath死征Diagnostic诊断征signofdisease病征subjective自觉征，主观征veinsign静脉征,vitalsign生命体征,bodylength(heightofthebody)身高bodyweight体重barrelchest桶状胸cachexia恶病质compulsiveposition被动体位criticalfacies病危面容emaciation消瘦enophthalmos眼球下陷entropion睑内翻exophthalmos眼球突出,flushedface面色潮红gain(loss)inweight增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw牙关紧闭lordosis脊柱前凸nasalalaflap鼻翼扇动nystagmus眼震obesity肥胖pallor苍白scolisis脊柱侧凸agitation焦急不安debility,weakness虚弱diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗dizziness,vertigo眩晕lassitude,fatigue无力，倦怠,malaise不适nightsweat盗汗numbness麻木rigor,chill寒冷，发冷perspiration,sweating出汗pruritus,itching痒，somasthenia躯体无力tingling麻刺感,abscess脓肿acidosis酸中毒adhesion粘连alkalosis碱中毒allergy过敏coagulationdefect凝血不良congestion充血dehydration脱水distention膨胀edema水肿embolism栓塞，栓塞形成fluidandelectrolyteimbalance水电解质紊乱gangrene坏疽hematoma血肿,hemorrhage,bleeding出血infarction梗塞，梗死infection传染inflammation炎症ketoacidosis酮酸中毒metastasis转移perforation穿孔necrosis坏死shock休克response反应，应答reaction反应，感应thrombosis血栓形成ulceration溃疡,fever,pyrexia发烧，发热,continuousfever稽留热intermittentfever间歇热low-gradefever低热remittentfever驰张热relapsingfever回归热,pain痛,burningpain灼痛chest(flank,)pain胸（胁腹）痛cramp-likepain痉挛性痛dull,diffusedpain弥漫性钝痛pleuriticpain胸膜炎性痛radiatingpain(painradiatingto)放射性痛（放射到疼痛）angina绞痛cardiacangina心绞痛,backache背痛colic绞痛，急腹痛earache耳痛headache头痛neuralgia神经痛migraine偏头痛reboundtenderness反跳痛somatalgia躯体痛sorethroat咽喉痛stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛,bloodysputum带血的痰cough咳嗽drycough干咳expectoration咳痰expectorationofblood咳血hemoptysis咳血,anoxia缺氧apnea呼吸暂停，窒息asthma气喘，哮喘CheyneStokesrespiration切斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea呼吸困难hyperpneahyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia低氧，缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸respiratoryarrest呼吸停止suffocation窒息tachypnea呼吸急促fetidbreath口臭fruitybreath呼吸有水果味,arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiacarrest心搏骤停cardiachypertrophy心脏肥大cyanosis发绀，青紫distensionofjugularvein颈静脉怒张extrasystole期外收缩galloprhythm奔马律hemopleura血胸hepatojugularreflux肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少palpitation心悸tachycardia心动过速,pneumothorax气胸thrill震颤absentbreathsounds呼吸音消失dullsound浊音hyperresonant鼓音rale啰音rhonchus,rhonchi鼾音，干啰音wheeze哮鸣音,anorexia,lossofappetite食欲不振，厌食dysphagia吞咽困难eructation嗳气belching嗳气flatulence气胀flatus肠胃气，屁gaseousdistention胃胀气hematemesis呕血hiccough,hiccup打呃，呃逆nausea恶心pyrosis胃灼热regurgitation反胃，回流thirsty口渴vomiting呕吐,analfissure,crackintheanalcanal肛裂ascites腹水board-likerigidityoftheabdomen板状腹decreasedtactilefremitus触觉性震颤减弱exophagealvarices食管静脉曲张fistula瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid痔hernia疝hepatomegaly肝肿大intussusception肠套叠jaundice黄疸muscleguarding,defenceoftheabdominalwall腹壁肌卫,peristalsis蠕动lossofperistalsis蠕动消失massperistalsis总蠕动retrograde(reversed)peristalsis逆蠕动prolapse脱垂prolapseofanus脱肛rectalprolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus肠扭转calculus结石，石biliarycalculus胆结石vesicalcalculus膀胱结石,constipation便秘defecation排便diarrhea腹泻incontinenceoffeces大便失禁hematochezia便血fecalimpaction大便嵌塞occultblood潜血painfulstrainingwithdefecation排便痛性牵动claycoloredstools陶土色便dark,granular/coffeegroundemesis咖啡样呕吐物fecalvomiting,stercoraceousvomiting呕粪，吐粪foulfattystools,steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scantyandhardstools便少而硬tarry(black)stools柏油样便,anuria无尿burningsensationnourination排尿时的灼烧感dysurea排尿困难，尿痛enuresis,bedwetting遗尿frequencyofurination尿频micturation排尿uresis,urination,voiding排尿nocturia夜尿oliguria少尿polyuria多尿tenesmus里急后重vesicaltenesmus排尿时里急后重uremiacoma尿毒症昏迷urgencyofurination尿急urinaryincontinence尿失禁,aciduria酸尿chyluria乳糜尿cylindruia管型尿glycosuria糖尿hematuria血尿ketonuria酮尿pneumatinuria气尿proteinuria蛋白尿pyuria脓尿,amenorrhea经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea痛经menorrhagia月经过多lochia恶露menorrhea行经，月经过多menstruation月经uterinecontraction子宫收缩,blotch斑点bruise挫伤，青肿acne痤疮，粉刺desquamation脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis瘀斑lossofskinturgor失去皮肤充盈nevus痣papule丘疹petechia瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation色素沉着pustule脓疱,purpura紫癫rednodule红结节roseola玫瑰疹scar伤疤senileplaque老人斑spideranaioma蛛形痣subcutaneousnodule皮下结节urticaria荨麻疹vesicle小水疱vitiligo白斑,blindness失明blurredvision,visualdisturbance视力模糊impairedvision视力下降lacrimation流泪papilledema视神经乳头水肿photophobia畏光，羞明retinaldetachment视网膜脱离deafness聋hearingloss听力丧失tinnitus耳鸣,epistaxis,nasalbleeding鼻出血impairedsmelling嗅觉障碍nasaldischarge鼻涕nasalobstruction鼻塞sneeze喷嚏snore打鼾aphonia,lossofvoice失音症hoarseness嘶哑gumbleeding齿龈出血herpeslabialis唇疱疹，感冒疮Kopliksspots科普利克斑leadlineofthegum龈铅线salivation,drooling流口水straw-berrytongue草莓舌tremuloustongue舌震颤,atrophy萎缩contracture挛缩deformity畸形，变形dislocation脱位fracture骨折closed(simple)fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminutedfracture粉碎性骨折compoundfracture哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee膝外翻opisthotonos角弓反张prosthesis假体spasm痉挛tetany(肌)强直，手足抽搦wristdrop腕下垂,aphasia失语ataxia共济失调coma昏迷consciousness知觉，意识convulsion抽搐，惊厥delirium谵妄delusion妄想faint昏厥hallucination幻觉hemiplegia偏瘫increasedintracranialpressure颅内压增高insanity精神错乱lossoforientation定向丧失mania躁狂,memorydefects,amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹projectilevomiting喷射性呕吐somnolence,(lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡stupor木僵，昏呆tetraplegia四肢瘫痪unconsciousness失去知觉yawning打哈欠crisis危象cerebral(febrile,hematic,hemolytic,hypertensive,thyrotoxic,.)crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒）危象failure衰竭，故障central(circulatory,cardiac,myocardiac,peripheral,congestive,renal,respiratory)failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸）衰竭,diagnosis诊断auscultation听诊inspection视诊palpation触诊percussion叩诊laboratoryexamination实验室检查physicalexamination体格检查rectal(vaginal)touch直肠（阴道）指诊impression印象tentativediagnosis暂定诊断differentialdiagnosis鉴别诊断finaldiagnosis最后诊断,prognosis预后prescription处方incubation(latent)period潜伏期prodromalstage前驱期incipientstage初期quiescentstage静止期alleviation减轻，缓和remission缓解attack发作convalescence(recovery)stage恢复期rehabilitation康复relapse