高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronmythescienceofthestars（测）（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars单元检测卷（时间50分钟；满分100分）班级_姓名_考号_得分_I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分)第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）【山东省潍坊中学2017届高三上学期开学考试】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。As I was taking a walk with my mom, I asked her, “Have you taken the senior bus yet?” I held my breath as I waited for her 1 . “Oh, yes. I have,” she said. “How was it?” I said the words as 2 as I could to show my excitement, even though I sensed the answer was not going to be 3 . She sighed heavily, “No one ever 4 on that bus. They all sit there quietly and look sad. I only see about thirteen 5 old ladies and men.” My 6 for her situation grasped my stomach.My dad had recently passed away, and his sudden leave made my mother 7 and frightened. For fifty-seven years, my dad had walked by her side. Mom never learned to 8 , so Dad drove her everywhere. Now, her wheels were gone, as one grandchild so properly 9 her situation. I knew she needed great 10 to make the decision to take the senior bus. However, I firmly believed the 11 wouldnt last too long, for Mom was so outgoing and active that she could chat with almost everybody whom she met in the street.Several days later, when I came to visit her, I asked, “Do they talk to you now?” She 12 and there was a sparkle (火花) in her eyes. It didnt take a genius to figure out that the 13 had changed. “It was silly that all of us just sat there 14 saying a word. So one morning when I 15 , I greeted them and then remarked that what a nice day it was. Soon, they began to 16 and we chatted happily. Now we are friends and always have some good 17 on the bus, ” she replied.My mother held the key to the 18 of the other lonely people on that bus. A smile and some 19 words were all it took. She sowed tiny seeds of 20 for herself and her friends on the bus.1.A. order B. instruction C. answer D. request2.A. fluently B. cheerfully C. patiently D. quietly3.A. typical B. reasonable C. similar D. positive 4.A. talks B. eats C. drinks D. sleeps5.A. conservative B. depressed C. surprised D. cautious6.A. anger B. excitement C. sympathy D. forgiveness7.A. stubborn B. selfish C. acute D. lonely8.A. drive B. cook C. dance D. paint9.A. planned B. described C. copied D. handled10.A. support B. expectation C. patience D. courage11.A. silence B. friendship C. argument D. impression12.A. complained B. smiled C. sobbed D. appeared13.A. situation B. hardship C. decision D. topic14.A. for B. by C. without D. after15.A. passed by B. got on C. stood up D. set out16.A. apologize B. escape C. bother D. respond17.A. conversations B. suggestions C. examples D. analysis18.A. fortune B. hearts C. remarks D. relationship19.A. sensitive B. responsible C. friendly D. official20.A. honesty B. happiness C. imagination D. Freedom2.B考查副词。A. fluently 流利的，B. cheerfully高兴地，C. patiently 有耐心的，D. quietly悄悄地；根据后文表现他的激动所以此处应该是高兴地。故选B。3.D考查句意理解。句意：即使我感觉到答案是不积极的。故选D。4.A考查动词。根据后文的They all sit there quietly and look sad.可知他们在公交车上不开口说话。故选A。5.B考查形容词。根据上文可知他们是很沮丧的。故选B。6.C考查名词。A. anger愤怒，B. excitement 兴奋，C. sympathy 同情，D. forgiveness原谅；句意：我对她所处的情况的同情引起了我的好奇心。故选C。7.D考查形容词。根据前文的内容可知，爸爸离开让妈妈很孤单、难过。故选D。8.A考查句意理解。根据后文的so Dad drove her everywhere. 可知妈妈不会开车。故选A。9.B考查动词。A. planned计划，B. described描述，C. copied复制，D. handled处理；此处指的是作者正确的描述了她的情况。故选B。10.D考查句意理解。句意：我知道她需要很大的勇气来决定乘公交车。根据前文也可知；故选D。11.A考查句意理解。根据后文的for Mom was so outgoing and active that she could chat with almost everybody whom she met in the street.可知，此处应该是安静不会持续太久。故选A。12.B考查句意理解。根据后文可知她的眼里很高兴可知此处应该是她微笑了。故选B。13.A考查名词。根据前文可知此处她改善了她的处境。故选A。14.C考查介词。句意：我们大家都坐在那里，一句话也没有说，这是很愚蠢的。故选C。15.B考查固定词组。A. passed by路过，B. got on 上车，C. stood up 站起来，D. set out出发；此处指的是她上了车，故选B。16.D考查动词。A. apologize道歉，B. escape逃跑，C. bother打扰，D. respond回应，反应；句意：很快，他们开始作出回应，我们愉快地聊天。故选D。17.A考查句意理解。句意：现在我们是朋友，总是在公共汽车上有一些很好的对话。故选A。考点：考查故事类文章阅读 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 【湖北省襄阳市第四中学2017届高三八月第一周周考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。David: Mr. Smith, sorry to disturb you, but I really have something important 1. _ (discuss) with you. I think we can have robots make cough medicine for us.Mr. Smith: Robots? Are you playing 2. _ joke on me? Why are you talking about robots with me? Dont forget the fact 3. _ we are only a small company.David: You see we make ten different kinds of cough medicine. But each operation only has four steps.Mr. Smith: How many robots will we need 4. _ all then?David: Four. The first robot will measure and mix the materials 5. _ (use) for making the medicine. The second robot will pour the medicine into the bottles. Then the third robot will put on the labels. The last robot will pack the bottles into boxes.Mr. Smith: And what will happen when one of the robots breaks down?David: A repairman 6. _ (send) here by the robot company within an hour.Mr. Smith: I just cant imagine it. What will we have here? A quiet building with robots rolling around doing the work?David: Thats it. And these robots are great workers. They will work 24 hours a day without feeling tired but surely to your 7. _ (satisfy). Whatever you say is 8. _ (obey) perfectly. I think every boss desires 9. _ (have) these robots.Mr. Smith: I am 10. _ (total) in favour of your idea.4.in.考查介词短语。in all“总共，合计”，此处指我们总共需要多少机器人，故填in.5.used.考查过去分词。此处是过去分词做定语修饰The first robot，指被用于制药的机器人。故填used.6.will be sent.考查时态语态。根据时间状语within an hour用将来时，主语A repairman和动词是被动关系，此处要用将来时的被动，故填will be sent.7.satisfaction.考查名词。此处由your修饰用名词，指你的满意。故填satisfaction.8.to be obeyed.考查不定式。此处是不定式做表语，指机器人完全服从你的指令用被动形式，故用不定式的被动to be obeyed.9.to have.考查动词形式。desire to do渴望做某事，此处指每个老板都渴望拥有这种机器人。故填to have.10.totally.考查副词。此处修饰介词短语in favour of“赞成”要用副词，故填totally.考点：考查工作生活类对话阅读。II阅读 (共两节，满分30分)第一节 阅读理解 (共1小题；每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 【湖北省襄阳市第四中学2017届高三八月第一周周考】 Tristan da Cunha, a 38 square mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest, St. Helena, and I, 950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral (上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. Coming in a close second and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64 square mile island was settled around the 5th century，supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory (智利领土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day. 1.It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha _.A. was named after its discoverer B. got its name from Holland settlers C. was named by the British government D. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records 2.Which of the following is most famous for moai?A. Tristan da Cuha. B. Pitcairn Island. C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena. 3.Which country does Easter Island belong to?A. Britain. B. Holland. C. Portugal. D. Chile. 【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了Tristan da Cunha群岛的一些地理情况及名字的由来及隶属情况。考点：考查地理历史类短文阅读。B 【山东省潍坊中学2017届高三上学期开学考试】Walt had a strong commercial sense of what would appeal to the public. Disneyland, Walt Disney World, and finally the other Disney theme parks around the world all came about because Walt Disney insisted that he could build an amusement park that was so much bigger and better than other amusement parks that it shouldnt even be called an amusement park.In 1940 he disclosed a plan to show Disney characters in their fantasy surroundings at a park across the street from the Disney studio in Burbank.The idea of an amusement park grew in Walts mind as he traveled through the US and Europe and visited attractions of all kinds. Walt was sure that an amusement park would be successful in the United States if it offered a “good show” that families could enjoy together, was clean, and had friendly employees.In 1948 he shared his concept with trusted friends, a modest amusement park with a central village including a town hall, a small park, railroad station movie theater, and small stores. Outlying areas would include a carnival (联欢) area and a western village. Soon he added spaceship and submarine rides, a steamboat, and exhibit halls.Four years later, he decided on “Disneyland” for the name and formed a company to develop the park, Disneyland, Inc.In 1953 he got Stanford Research Institute to examine the economic future of Disneyland and to find the perfect location.They broke ground in July, 1954, and one year later, Disneyland opened. Within 7 weeks, a million visitors had visited Disneyland, making it one of the biggest tourist attractions in the US.Walt combined his talent and his sense of what the public would want with lots of hard work. In 1960, with a mixture of huge successes and failures, Disney had created something that was successful beyond Walts own dreams.4.What did Walt Disney want to show in his plan?A. His commercial sense. B. Disney studio.C. Disney characters. D. Fantasy surroundings. 5. What would a successful amusement park be like in Walts opinion?A. Its service was free. B. It could show fantastic programs.C. It included attractions of all kinds.D. It could make families satisfied.6.Which of the following is the correct order about Disneyland?a. It opened. b. The perfect location was found.c. They broke ground.d. It proved to be a great success.e. Its name was decided.f. Walt shared its outline with his friends.A. f,e,b,c,a,d B. e,b,c,a,d,f C. f,e,c,b,a,d D. a,e,b,c,f,d5.D细节理解题。根据第三段的Walt was sure that an amusement park would be successful in the United States if it offered a “good show” that families could enjoy together, was clean, and had friendly employees.可知，Walt认为成功的乐园就是让家人得到满足。故选D。6.A细节理解题。根据文章的内容介绍可知，故选A。考点：考查故事类阅读C【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2017届高三上学期开学考试】When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescriptionIt makes you feel better to know you will get some medicineBut the doctor knows that medicine is not always neededSometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be wellIn such cases the doctor may prescribe a placeboA placebo is a sugar pill，a harmless shot，or ail empty capsuleEven though they have no medicine in them , these things seem to make people wellThe patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get betterHow does this happen?The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itselfIt is as if there was a doctor in each of usThe doctor will heal the body for us if we let itBut it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the bodySome people say it works because the human mind fools itselfThese people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine，then it will act as if it did，and the body will feel betterPlacebos do not always workThe success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctorIf the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient，then the placebo is more likely to workSo in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of allA placebo can also have bad effectsIf patients expect a bad reaction to medicine，then they will also show a bad reaction to the placeboThis would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your bodySome doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be usedThey think there is still not enough known about itThe strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it isThere are people who say you can heal your body by using your mindAnd the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo7.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The placebo. B. The bad effect. C. The body. D. The medicine. 8.What do we know about placebo according to the passage? A. It contains some sort of medicine. B. It wont function if you are negative about medicine. C. People who dont believe placebo cant be healed by it. D. Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.9.Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo? A. The patient needs help badly B. The patient believes in the doctor C. The doctor knows better about your body D. The doctor has carefully studied medicine10.What is the best title for the text?A. Placebo：Work on Your MindB. Placebo：The Most Powerful MedicineC. Placebo：The Best DoctorD. Placebo：Heal Your Body8.B推理判断题。根据文章第二段的A placebo is a sugar pill，a harmless shot，or ail empty capsule可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。故选B。9.B细节理解题。根据文章的描述有时候病人是不需要使用药物的，医生给病人开出安慰剂，病人觉得安慰剂有很大的作用是因为他们很相信医生。故选B。10.A主旨大意题。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选A。考点：考查科普类阅读【名师点睛】科普类的阅读理解一般为介绍科学知识、社会知识的文章。阅读这类短文时，要以文章事实为中心进行思考。答题技巧：1. 加强整体意识，把握文章的主要内容。给重要的句子和关键词做上记号，特别是各段中心句，可以更快捷的答题。比如第29题：推理判断题。根据文章第二段的A placebo is a sugar pill，a harmless shot，or ail empty capsule可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。故选B。 2. 审清题干，弄清楚问题的要点，从文章对应处寻找答案。要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。比如第31题：主旨大意题。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选A。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分） 【湖北省沙市中学2017届高三上学期第二次考试】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。UrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 1 In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in historya society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. 2 The process of urbanizationthe migration of people from the countryside to the citywas the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1990, fewer than 5% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms. 3 Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 4 Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 5 Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A. That kept cities very small.B. The rest live in small towns.C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.【答案】1.E2.D3.B4.A5F【解析】试题分析：文章的主题是城市化，讲述了城市化由过去城市规模小，农民人口多，到后来现代化之后，城市规模大，农民人口少的现象，体现了产量的增加，社会的变迁。1.E根据前一句“The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago”可知，此处讲的是以前城市的情况，即第一座城市仅仅是5500年才出现的，甚至200年前，也只有很少一部分人生活在城市中。其他几个选项没有关于以前城市的描述。故选择E2.D根据前一句的“ Britain was only the beginning”可知，英国只是个开始，关键词beginning, 因此后面出现的是soon, 句意为，英国只是个开始，很快，其他工业国家也变成了城市化社会。3.B根据前一句的“Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms”目前，超过82%的美国人住在城市，只有2%的人住在农场，在讲完了82%和2%之后，还有剩下的人呢，住在哪里呢？因此可以推断出，下