高级英语第一册_第五课ppt课件

.,SpeechonHitlersInvasionoftheU.S.S.R-WinstonChurchill,.,BriefIntroductionofWorldWarIIWorldWarIIortheSecondWorldWar,wasaworldwidemilitaryconflictwhichlastedfrom1939to1945.WorldWarIIwastheamalgamation（合称）oftwoconflicts,onestartinginAsiaastheSecondSino-JapaneseWarandtheotherbeginninginEuropewiththeInvasionofPoland.Thisglobalconflictsplitamajorityoftheworldsnationsintotwoopposingcamps:theAllies（协约国）andtheAxis(轴心国).,.,In1945-05,Germansurrenderedatdiscretion.In1945-08-15,JapansurrenderedatdiscretionBriefIntroductionofWinstonChurchillWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(1874-1965)grewupasthesonofaBritishnoble.Heattendedprivateschoolfromage7,andenteredHarrow(哈罗公学)in1888.Hewasneitherhappynorsuccessfulatschool.LaterheenteredSandhurstRoyalMilitaryCollege(桑赫斯特皇家军事学院)in1893after3attemptstopasstheentrancetest.Hejoinedthearmyin1895.,.,In1900,hewaselectedtotheHouseofCommonsasaconservative（保守党下议院议员).In1904,hejoinedtheLiberalParty(自由党)andbecamethePresidentoftheBoardofTrade(贸易大臣).During1906-1908,heservedasUnderSecretaryofStatefortheColonies（殖民部次官).DuringWorldWarI,heservedinthearmyinFrance.During1918-1921,HewasSecretaryofStateforWar（陆军大臣).,.,During1924-1929,ChancelloroftheExchequer（财政大臣）WhenWorldWarbrokeout,hewasnominatedasFirstLordofAdmiralty（被任命为海军大臣).From1940-1945to1951-1955,hewasPrimeMinister,andwaswidelyregardedasBritainsgreatest20thcenturystatesman.,.,Besidesthis,hewasalsoaprolifichistoricalwriter,andhismostfamousworksare:TheWorldCrisis(4vols,1923-1929)MyEarlyLife(1930)Marlborough(4vols,1933-1938)TheSecondWorldWar(6vols,1948-1953)AHistoryoftheEnglishSpeakingPeople(4vols,1956-1958)HewasknightedforhisgreatcontributiontoBritainandwasawardedNobelPrizeinliteraturein1953forhisworksTheSecondWorldWar(6vols,1948-1953).,.,Hisfather-RandolphChurchill,aconservativepolitician.,Hismother-JennieJerome,thedaughterofLeonardJerome,aNewYorkbusinessman,.,Agedseven,Inmilitaryuniform,.,.,.,ChurchillsQuotations1.Never,never,never,nevergiveup.永远，永远，永远，永远都不要放弃。2.Historyiswrittenbythevictors.历史是由胜利者书写的。3.Courageisgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlosingenthusiasm.勇气就是不断失败，而不丧失热情。4.Courageiswhatittakestostandupandspeak;courageisalsowhatittakestositdownandlisten.站起来说话需要勇气；坐下倾听同样需要。,.,5.Apessimistseesthedifficultyineveryopportunity;anoptimistseestheopportunityineverydifficulty.悲观主义者从每个机遇中看到困难，乐观主义者从每个困难中看到机遇。6.Attitudeisalittlethingthatmakesabigdifference.态度是小事，但能造成很大区别。7.Ilikepigs.Dogslookuptous.Catslookdownonus.Pigstreatusasequals.我喜欢猪。狗总是仰视我们。而猫瞧不起我们。只有猪平等对待我们。,.,AdolfHitler,AdolfHitler（1889-1945)founderandleaderoftheNationalSocialistGermanWorkersParty.In1889,BorninAustria.In1913,settledinMunich.DuringtheWorldWarI,heservedintheBavarianarmyandwounded,thusreceivingafirstclassIronCrossforBravery.In1919,overthrewBavariasrepublicangovernment.,.,In1920,ruledNaziParty.In1923,inprison,wroteMyStrugglewhichwasfilledwithanti-semitism,anti-communismandnationalism.In1933,becameChancellor.In1934,88%votersfavouredtheunionofthepresidencyandchancellorship.In1939,initiatedtheSecondWorldWar.In1945-05-29,committedsuicidetogetherwithEvaBraun.,.,BriefIntroductionofThisWar1.Knownasthe“INVASIONoftheSOVIETUNION”(June1941Nov.1941)2.Sincethe1920s,theNazigovernmenthadmadeacorepolicyintheseizedprimelandwithinSovietbordersforlong-termGermansettlement.TheintentionofGermany:todestroytheSovietUnionbymilitaryforce,andtoeliminatethecommuniststhreattoGermany.3.AdolfHitlerhadalwaysregardedtheGerman-SovietNonaggressionPact（苏德互不侵犯协议）signedonAugust23,1939,asatemporarytacticalmaneuver.,.,4.InJuly1940,justweeksaftertheGermanconquestofFranceandtheLowCountries【低地国家（指荷兰、比利时、卢森堡三个国家）】,HitlerdecidedtoattacktheSovietUnionwithinthefollowingyear.5.OnDecember18,1940,hesignedDirective21(code-named“OperationBarbarossa”)【巴巴罗莎行动】,thefirstoperationalorderfortheinvasionoftheSovietUnion.6.Underthecodename“OperationBarbarossa”,NaziGermanyinvadedtheSovietUniononJune22,1941,whichwasthelargestGermanmilitaryoperationofWorldWarII.,.,TheResultandInfluenceoftheOperationBarbarossa1.AdolfHitlerhadnotachievedtheexpectedvictory.2.OperationBarbarossasfailureledtoHitlersdemandsforfurtheroperationsinsidetheU.S.S.R,allofwhicheventuallyfailed,suchascontinuingtheSiegeofLeningrad（列宁格勒围困),andBattleofStalingrad（斯大林格勒保卫战）amongotherbattlesontheoccupiedSovietterritory.3.OperationBarbarossaisstillthelargestmilitaryoperation,intermsofmanpowerandcasualtiesinhumanhistory,.,4.ItsfailurewasaturningpointintheThirdReichs【第三帝国指希特勒统治下的德国】fortunes.WarCabinet战时内阁1940年，二战趋于白热化，德国纳粹军队在欧洲大陆势如破竹，对英国进行大规模的日夜轰炸，并声言要夷平伦敦。英国想采取怀柔政策的首相张伯伦也无力支撑大局，被迫于5月10日辞职下台。同一天，丘吉尔临危受命，成为新的英国首相。由于时间紧迫，他一天之内便组成一个代表各党派团体的“战时内阁”，充分显示了他处事的魄力和干练果断的作风。,Sovietrefugees,.,Themostfamouspostduringthewar,Sovietarmyinabattle,.,Anembattled(严阵以待的)Sovietsoldierincoldwinter,.,AmotherofSovietwaskissingherson,whowasgoingtojointhewar.,.,2.MolotovRibbentropPact苏德互不侵犯条约1939年8月23日,秘密签订苏方代表为莫洛托夫，德方代表为里宾特洛甫。又称苏德条约、莫洛托夫里宾特洛甫条约或希特勒斯大林条约InMarch1939,BritainandFrancestartedtalkswiththeSovietUniononpossiblecooperationagainstFascistGermany.Atthattime,BritainunderChamberlainandFranceDaladierwerepursuingapolicyofappeasement.Afterthreemonthsfruitlessnegotiation,thetalkswere,.,brokenoff.Theninordertoprotectitself,theSovietUnionsignedtheNon-aggressionPactwithHitlersGermanyonAugust23.3.CommonwealthofNationsorBritishCommonwealth（英联邦）Afreeassociationofsovereignindependentstates(formerlycoloniesanddominionofGB).Nowthereare54memberstates,19inAfrica,theothersinothercontinents.Britainhaslostcontrolofthecommonwealthandithasbecomealooseorganization.,.,TheSummaryoftheTextTheStructureAppreciationandWritingTechniques,.,TheSummaryoftheTextOnJune22,1941,asHitlerstartedanundeclaredwaragainstRussia,Churchillworkedonaspeechtobebroadcasttothewholeworld.Inthespeech,hedenouncedtheNaziregimeasthemostwicked,causingunprecedenteddeathanddestructioninthehumanhistory.NowitinvadedRussia,andtheRussiansoldiersweremakingalife-or-deathattempttofightagainsttheGermans.Thiswasacrucialpoint.AndhedeclaredtheBritishgovernmentspolicy,thatis,todestroy,.,HitlerandeveryvestigeoftheNaziregime.Therefore,hecalledonalltheirfriendsandalliestouniteandfighttogether.Churchillpointedoutthat,however,wasonly“aprelude”toaninvasionofBritain.ThusthedangerofRussiaisthatofBritain.United,theanti-fascistcountrieswouldsurvive;separated,theywouldbestruckdownonebyone.WhydidChurchillDeliverThisSpeech?1.Puttingforwardhisstand:unitingSovietUniontofightagainstHitler.2.ThedestructionofHitlerwasthemainpurpose.3.UnitingSovietUnionwouldbenefittoendWorldWar.,.,4.Analyzingthesituationofthewar,leadingabrightwayforEnglishpeopleandthesoldiers.5.Encouragingpeopletofightwiththeenemymoreconfidentlyandbravely.StructurePart1.(Para.17):AdescriptionofWinstonChurchillsreactionandattitudetowardthenewsthatHitlerinvadedRussia.Part2.(Para.813):ThiswasshowinguswhatChurchillcalledonRussianpeopletodo:toburythehatchet(言归于好)betweenBritainandRussia,andtounitetogethertofightagainsttheNazi.,.,AppreciationandWritingTechniquesChurchillcamestraighttothepointinhisspeech,usingbriefandconciselanguagetomakecleartheintentionandthemeofhisspeech.Thiskindofopeningwasusuallyemployedonformaloccasions.Heemployedmanyrhetoricaldevicesinthemainargument-ativepart,suchasparallelism,repetition,inversion,etc,whichmadehisspeechvividandforceful.ThespeechendedupwithsomeagitativeremarkscallingonallthepeopletofightagainsttheNaziregime.Thefollowingwere,.,someoftherhetoricaldevicesthatChurchillhadused.1.Parallelstructure(parallelism)Itreferstotherepeatingofphrasesandsentenceswhicharesyntacticallysimilar.Itdoesntonlymakethepassagemorerhythmic,butmoreemphaticaswell.Asafigureofspeech,parallelismisalsoblendedreadilywithotherstrategies,toproduceavarietyofeffects.e.g.Weshallfighthimbyland,weshallfighthimbysea,weshallfighthimintheair.(p.10),.,2.RepetitionItsamajorrhetoricalstrategyinwhichsth.isdoublymentionedforproducingemphasis,clarity,oremotion,effect,especiallyinoralspeech.e.g.Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate(P.10)3.InversionItreferstoachangeinthenormalwordorder,suchastheplacementofaverbbeforeitssubject.Itisoftenusedforemphasis.e.g.1)Norindeedwhattodo.2)Fromthis,nothingwillturnus,nothing.(p.10),.,4.RhetoricalquestionItisonethatrequiresnoanswerbecausetheanswerisobvious,butforthepurposeofmakinganassertioninastrikingandlivelyway.Itisoftenusedtoinvolvetheaudience.e.g.butcanyoudoubtwhatourpolicywillbe?(p.10)5.Periodicsentence(圆周句/掉尾句)Longandfrequently-involvedsentenceinwhichthemainideaofthesentenceisnotexpressedattheoutset,butisreservedtotheendofthesentence.Thusthemeaningofthesentenceisnotcompleteduntilthefinalword-usuallywithanemphaticclimax.,.,圆周句：在一个句子中先介绍次要的信息，再介绍重要的信息，即要到句子的末尾，句子的意思才完全表达清楚，这样的句子叫圆周句。圆周句的结构紧凑，且只有读完整个句子，全句的整体意思才能显现出来。,.,e.g.AnymanorstatewhofightsonagainstNazidomwillhaveouraid.(p.10)课文讲解1.thenewswasbroughttomeofHitlersinvasiontheofphrasemodifiesthenounnews.Itsanadjectivephrase.2.Thischangedconvictionintocertainty.conviction:averyfirmandsincerebeliefe.g.Fromthewayshespoke,youcouldtellshewasspeakingfromconviction.,.,Paraphrase:Inthepast,itwasmybeliefthatHitlerwouldsoonattacktheSovietUnion;butnowitsnolongerabelief,ithadbecomeafact.3.Ihadnottheslightestdoubtwhereourdutyandourpolicylay.Norindeedwhattosay.Thereonlyremainedthetaskofcomposingit.tolie:toexist;tobefoundNorhadIindeedtheslightestdoubtastowhatIwas/oughttosay.TheonlytaskleftwastoputwhatIwasgoingtosayintoshape;towritedownwhatIwasgoingtosay.,.,译文：我完全清楚我们对此应承担何种责任，采取何种政策。我也完全清楚如何就此事发表声明，剩下的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。4.PresentlyGeneralDill,whohadhasteneddownfromLondonpresently:beforelong;shortly;soontohasten:tomoveorhappenfaster,connotingurgencyorsometimesasuddenandprematureresult.e.g.Theresultsoftheelectionhastenedhisdecision.,.,5.TheGermanshadinvadedRussiaonanenormousfront,hadsurprisedalargeportionofSovietAirForcegroundedontheairfields,andseemedtobedrivingforwardwithgreatrapidityandviolence.tosurprise:toattacksuddenlyandwithoutwarning;tocomeuponsuddenlyorun-expectedly.onanenormousfront:onalargescaletoground:tostation驻扎,.,Paraphrase:TheGermanarmyinvadedRussiafromallthedirections.TheyattackedRussiabeforetheairplanesofSovietAirForcetookofftofightagainstthem,whichthrewahugesurprisetothepeople.Theyseemedtodriveforwardrapidlyandviolently.6.Isupposetheywillberoundedupinhordes.toroundup:tocollecttogether;tosurroundhorde:alargemovingcrowdorthrongParaphrase:IbelivethattheGermantroopswillsurroundRussiainlargemumber.,.,7.TherewasnotimetoconsulttheWarCabinet,norwasitnecessary.WarCabinet:丘吉尔首相组成的战时联合内阁nor引导的是倒装结构。8.weallfeltthesameonthisissueParaphrase:wehadthesameattitude;wesharedthesameview.9.Thefollowingaccountmaybeofinterest.account:adescriptivereport一个描述性的报告；,.,e.g.Shegavethepoliceafullaccountoftheincident.她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。.toaccountfor对做出解释，说明的原因；对有责任e.g.Howdoyouaccountfortheshowssuccess?你认为这次演出为何成功？,.,.(beof)interest:qualityofexcitingorholdingonesattention有吸引力，有趣味（值得一提）e.g.Thesubjectisofinteresttome.我对此课题很感兴趣。.down:tooratalocalplace(informal)有三层含义：a.从上到下；b.从大地方到小地方；c.从重要地方到次要地方。e.g.Imjustgoingdowntothepostoffice.我正要到那边的邮局去。,.,Chequers契克斯,TheoldcountryhouseoftheprimeministerofGreatBritain,islocatedin35milesofnorth-westofLondon,anditwasdonatedtothecountryin1917,asaplaceoftheprimeministertoentertainguestsatweekends.位于伦敦西北35英里的旧英国首相乡间别墅,1917年捐赠给国家，作为首相周末招待客人的场所。,.,.,Mr.andMrs.Winant,JohnGillbertWinanthasservedasambassadortotheUK.DuringWorldWarII，Winanthelpedplanthe1943conferenceinMoscowwhichledtotheTeheranmeetingoftheheadsofAlliedgovernments,andhewasamemberofthecommissionwhicheventuallydefinedthezonesofAlliedforcesoccupationsofpost-warGermany.约翰吉尔伯特怀南特曾任美国驻英国大使。在第二次世界大战期间，怀南特帮助计划1943年在莫斯科举行的会议，这次会议促成了由盟国政府首,.,脑参加的德黑兰会议，而且他是最终确定战后的德国盟军占领区域的委员会成员之一。,EdwardBridges（爱德华布里奇斯）:HewasSecretaryoftheCabinet曾任英国内阁大臣,.,10.hethoughtthatHitlerwascountingonenlisting.tocounton:torelyon,todependon,toexpect,totakeintoaccount期望、依赖e.g.Hewascountingonmysupport,butIdisappointedhim.他指望我的支持，但我让他失望了。toenlist:towinthesupportof;togetthehelporservicesof;toobtain获得，谋取（帮助，同情等）e.g.CanIenlistyourhelpincollectingmoneyforthepeoplemadehomelessbytheforeigninvaders?,.,我可以为因外国侵略者而无家可归的人在募捐方面争取你的帮助吗？tojointhearmy(vi)服役，从军e.g.Manymenenlistforthedefenseoftheircountry.许多男人为保卫国家而从军。hearmy,totakesb.inanactivity(vt)征募，使入伍e.g.Themayortriedtoenlisteverycitizenintheclean-upcampaign.市长试图争取使每一个公民参与到清洁运动中。,.,sympathy:afeelingofapprovaloforagreementwithanidea,acause,etc.同情，赞同e.g.Sheexpressedhersympathytothebereavedfamily.（丧失亲人的家庭）Paraphrase:HitlerwashopingthatifheattackedRussia,hewouldwinthesupportofthosewhowereenemiesofcommunisminBritainandtheU.S.A.,.,RightWing右翼,Leftwingandrightwingaretwofactionsofdemocracy,anditistheoriginofthebipartisansystem.Politicaladvocatesoftheleft-winggenerallytendtolowerpeople,andsupportchangeandprogress.Politicaladvocatesoftheright-wingbiasintheupperclassandthecapitalists,emphasizeonlawandorder,advocatefreetrade,implementprotectionism,andopposetochange.左翼和右翼是民主政体下的两个派别，是两党制的渊源。左翼的政治主张一般是偏向下层人民，主张变革和进展。右翼的政治主张偏向上层阶级和资本家，强调法律和秩序，主张自由贸易，是保护主义的，反对变革。,.,11.togoallout-tomakeonesutmosteffort,ortryallourbest尽全力，全力以赴e.g.Wewillgoallouttosupportthedevelopmentofourcountry.我们将尽全力支持国家的发展。12.thesamewouldbetrueoftheU.S.A.trueof-trueconcerning;trueasregards;bethesameas符合于；对适用e.g.Whathesaysofwomenistrueofmen.他的关于女人的说法同样适用于男人。Paraphrase:TheUnitedStateswoulddothesame;adoptthesameattitude;thiswouldalsobetheattitudeoftheU.S.,.,12.Ballgames球类运动golf高尔夫球cricket板球rugby橄榄球softball垒球handball手球waterpolo水球bowling保龄球hockey曲棍球volleyball排球badminton羽毛球tabletennis乒乓球baseball棒球,.,13.herevertedtothistheme.torevert:vi.togobacktoaformersubject;talk恢复，回归vt.使恢复原状n.归属；恢复原来信仰的人.torevertto回到；恢复到；重新提到;重新采取；回复,归还e.g.Thefieldshaverevertedtomoorland.那片田地又变成了荒地。e.g.Mythoughtrevertedtomychildhood.我的思绪又回到了童年时光。,.,.Cf比较revert=return回复，回返convert=turn转化，转换reverse=turnupsidedownturnbackward颠倒，倒退conversely=inturn反过来.adj.revertible应归还的；可恢复原状的n.reversion逆转；回复；归还；遗隔代遗传；法继承权.Phrases短语returnrevert向后revertall全部反向reverttotype返祖，恢复原状revertback回复,.,.“thistheme”referstothesubjecttheyhadbeentalkingaboutduringdinner,namelyHitlersimminentattackandtheirstand.14.Iaskedwhetherforhim,thearchanti-communist,thiswasnotbowingdownintheHouseofRimmon.rhetoric：ametaphorandabiblicalallusion暗喻和圣经典故Paraphrase:Whetherhewasnotrenouncing(放弃)hispreviousattitudetowardscommunism;whetherhewasnotchanginghispositionsincehehadallalongbeenopposedtocommunism.,.,bowdownintheHouseofRimmon:,出自圣经Kings原意指“拜倒在伪神Rimmon脚下，指表面上与宗教信仰一致，但是心里却有所不同。此短语后引申为“违背良心或原则做自己不愿做的事情”。这里theHouseofRimmon借指英国的下院e.g.ThiswasnotbowingdownintheHouseofRimmon.这样做是否言行不一，口是心非。,.,15.mylifeismuchsimplifiedthereby.Paraphrase:Inthisway,mylifeismademucheasier.thereby:bythatmeans;asaresultofthat因此，从而e.g.Hegavehislifeandtherebypaidtheultimateprice.他牺牲了生命，从而付出了最大的代价。16.IfHitlerinvadedHell,IwouldmakeatleastafavorablereferencetotheDevilintheHouseofCommons.,.,Paraphrase:IfHitlershouldattackHell,IwouldstillsayawordinfavoroftheDevil,intheHouseofCommons;IwouldsayawordinfavourofanyonewhoisattackedbyHitler,nomatterhowbad,howwickedorevilhehadbeeninthepast.英国下议院HouseofCommons下议院（英语：HouseofCommons，一译平民院或庶民院），是英国国会的下院。英国国会由三大部分组成，它们分别是君主、上议院和下议院，其中又以下议院最具影响力。下议院是一个透过民主选举产生的机构，总共有,.,646名成员，称为国会议员，常用的英文简写则是“MP”(MembersofParliament)。下院议员是由得票最多者当选投票制选出。国会每届不可长于5年，每5年之内就要宣布解散，而国会解散之时，也就是下院议员任期的终结。每一位下院议员都是由一个选区的选民选出的。议员当选后，也就在议会代表该选区。现今英国政府的内阁阁臣，绝大部分皆来自下院，而自1902年起，历任的英国首相也同样是下院议员。惟在1963年的时候，来自上院的霍姆伯爵获任命为英国首相，不过，他在任命后不久，即放弃了贵族爵位，并成功以亚历克道格拉斯-休姆爵士之身份选入下院。下议院大约在14世纪出现，并且一直延续至今。,.,在历史上，下议院的权力曾远逊于上议院，但时至今日，下议院却在两院中占了主导地位。目前下议院的立法权力能够超越上议院，而根据1911年国会法案，上院驳回大部分议案的权力被削减为仅仅拖延议案通过。此外，英国政府亦需要向下议院负责，首相如果失去了下院的支持，就要下野。下议院之官式全称为“尊贵的大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国下议院议员”（TheHonorabletheCommonsoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandinParliamentassembled）。,.,十九世纪的英国下议院,.,下议院议事厅以绿色为主调,.,英国下议院西敏宫,.,17.F.O.（英国等）外交部（=foreignoffice）陆军校级军官（=fieldofficer）野战命令（=fieldorder）财政官员（=financeofficer）空军中尉（=flightofficer）18.totheeffectthatwith.generalmeaningthat大意是e.g.Sheleftanotetotheeffectthatshewouldnotbereturning.她留下一张纸条，大意是说她不回来了。19.P.M.=primeminister首相,.,英国广播公司B.B.C.,英国广播公司，简称BBC，全称BritishBroadcastingCorporation是英国一家由政府资助但独立运作的公共媒体，长久以来一直被认为是全球最受尊敬的媒体之一。在相当长时间内一直垄断着英国的电视、电台。在1955年英国独立电视台和1973年英国独立电台成立之前，BBC一直是全英国唯一的电视、电台广播公司。今天BBC除了是一家在全球拥有高知名度的媒体，还提供其他各种服务，包括书籍出版、报刊、英语教学、交响乐团和互联网新闻服务等。,.,20.anythingbut除以外任何事都，根本不e.g.HisvisittoPariswasanythingbutasuccess.他的巴黎之行根本不成功。比较nothingbut除了.以外都没有，只不过e.g.Dontscoldher,shesnothingbutachild.不要责骂她,她只不过是个孩子。21.postponevt.使延期；把放在次要地位；把放在后面vi.延缓，延迟；延缓发作e.g.Shouldtheweatherbebad,thesportsmeetingwillbepostponed.如果天气不好，运动会就要延期。,.,词语辨析delay，postpone，defer，suspend，prolong,putoff这些动词或短语均有“拖延、延期”之意。delay普通用词，多指因外界原因推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。postpone正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指明延期到一定的时间。defer正式用词，语气强于postpone，多指故意拖延。suspend指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现。prolong指把时间延长至超过正常或通常的限度。putoff口语用词，与postpone同义，但较通俗。,.,22.broadcastvt.广播；播放；使广为人知；尤指用手播（种）vi.播放节目；参加电台、电视节目的演出；发送传递信号，传播n.广播；电台、电视节目；播放时间；播种adj.广播的；播音的；广泛散布的23.exceptforapartfrom除了.以外e.g.Exceptforanoldlady，thebuswasempty.公共汽车上除了一位老太太之外就是空的。,.,butfor:ifitwerenotfor,without如果不是，若非e.g.Exceptforyou,Iwouldpasstheexam.如果不是你，我就会通过考试。except：除去e.g.Motherwouldntgivehimanymoneyexceptforbooksandstationery.除了买书和文具外，妈妈不给他任何钱。24.hedevotedthewholedaytoit“it”refersto“thespeech”.todevoteto把.献给;todevoteoneselfto致力于,献身于;专心于todevoteoneslifetoacause把生命献给事业,.,25.TheNaziregimeisdevoidofallthemeandprincipleexceptappititeandracialdominat-ion.devoid:entirelywithout;emptyorbeinglack(of)完全没有的，缺乏的（后接of）appetite:verystrongdesire;anintenseandprolongeddesireParaphrase:TheNazistatedoesnthaveanyideaorguidingprincipleatall.Allithasisastrongdesireforconquestandruledbythe“Aryan”(纳粹分子所谓的)非犹太民族的白种人，尤指北欧日耳曼人)race,theallegedlymostsuperiorraceintheworld.,.,26.Itexcelsallformsofhumanwickednessintheefficiencyofitscrueltyandferociousaggression.toexcel:tobegreaterorbetterthaneverbefore,orsuperiortoanyoneelse优于；胜过ferocious:bloody,fierce;heartless血腥的，凶猛的，残忍的toexcel在这里是irony，表明纳粹的行为比人类历史上的一切卑鄙行为更恶劣。Paraphrase:TheNaziregimeisverycruelanditinvadesothercountriesinamostsavageway.Itcancarryouti