高考英语阅读理解技巧之猜测词意(52张)ppt课件

阅读理解技巧之猜测词意,考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求,本部分共分两节，测试考生的英语阅读理解能力。要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词量不超过3），并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度。,.,Ifyoucomeacrossthenewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?,Whatdifficultydoyouhaveinreading?,.,Howtoguessthemeaningsofwords,.,WaystoGuesstheWords,一.Explanation（解释）,二.Context（上下文）,三.Word-formation（字形）,四.Examples（例子）,五.Commonsense（常识）,.,eg：Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.eg：Modernmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,amedicaltoolusedforlisteningtothemovementsofapersonslungandhisheartbeats.,一、Explanation,易碎的，脆弱的,听诊器,利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas，thatis,等等，标点符号有：等,Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.Weareonthenightshift-workingfrommidnightto8a.m.-thisweek.,木匠,动物学家,牧人,夜班,Ex.1carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,nightshift,.,二.Context,对比关系同义、近义、反义关系因果关系,.,e.g.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isveryabstemious.,goon,e.g.ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.,1.对比关系,污秽的,邋遢的,有节制的,节约的,.,能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrastwith等。标点符号分号有时也可表示对比。,Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,不同意,Ex.2turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent,.,2.同义、近义、反义关系,同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or,like,similar等。,反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义。信号词中有instead,but,not等,.,e.g.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.,圆胖的,丰满的,e.g.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.,取代,接替,撤换,.,goon,eg：Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual.Theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillcomelate.,文中bepunctual的意思，可理解为“notcomelate”，即“准时，不迟到”。,e.g.MrSmithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.,显然，similarly是个语境线索，它暗示loquacious意为lovetotalk。,Ex.3symptoms,volatile,shivered,Oneofsymptomscausedbythiskindofillnessisahighfever.Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.,症状,易挥发的,颤抖,.,3.因果关系:信号词：如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult,sothat,suchthat，therefore等表示前因后果,e.g.Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.,e.g.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.,弹性的,混浊的,SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.Hessuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.,复制品,精明的,修剪,Ex.4replica,shrewd,trim,.,1.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.,unconditional:nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等,三.Word-formation,.,-er-or-ian-ist-ese-ess,后缀,构成可数名词,猜一猜:solutionsolvedruggistdrugelectricianelectricgreatnessgreatreminderremind,构词法,-ment-tion-ness-sion-ery-ing,后缀,构成抽象名词,.,dis-im-mis-un-non-,否定前缀,re-co-mini-over-pre-post-vice-en-tele-,其它前缀,重复,共同,平等,小,过度,-后,副的,使-可能,远程,-前,.,猜一猜:minicarpostwarsupermarketpreviewpreschoolrecallirrelativenonstandarddisloyalunlockco-workeroveractivevicepresident,微型汽车战后超市预习学前回忆,回想无关系的不标准的不忠诚的开锁合作者过分活跃副总统,.,-al-ble-ern-ful-ish-ive-less-y-ly-ous,形容词后缀,enizeify,动词后缀,e.g.weakenrealizesatisfy,猜猜:strengthensimplifyactivatemountainouscourageouschangeablelifelesshillypeaceablefictional,.,e.g.Wemustsafeguardtheworldpeace.AprotectBcareCpreventDtokeepsafewithgunse.g.Dontlistentohisnonsense.AhavingnomeaningBmeaninglesswordsChumorousspeechDnotmakingsense,A,B,维护,保护,捍卫,胡说,废话,合成词,.,e.g.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.,e.g.IhavefoundLucyisquitegenerous,forexample,whenevershemeetsabeggar,shegivessomecoinstohim.,四.Examples,家禽,慷慨的，大方的,.,eg:Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.,eg:Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.,五.Commonsense,膨胀，扩大,收缩，缩小,波纹，细浪,.,1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.3.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.,Ex.5dowry,wither,anaesthetic,嫁妆,枯萎,麻药,.,因果,猜,构词法,Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?,定义,同/反义词,对比转折,上下文,生活常识,解释,.,Letsdosomeexercisestoconsolidateit.,Discussion,Exercises,小试身手,Albertssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.,祝,功,成,你,!,A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance,A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的,A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级,4.Shedidnthearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.5.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.,祝,功,成,你,!,小试身手,A.心不在焉的B.紧张的C.全神贯注的D.睡意浓的,A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic,A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever,7.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.9.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool,orEnglishLearning.,祝,功,成,你,!,小试身手,A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest,A.townB.capitalC.countryD.house,A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers,10.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.11.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.12.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.,祝,功,成,你,!,小试身手,A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedry,A.directB.indirectC.straight,A.smallB.largeC.dull,.,Nowletstrysomeexamplesinthepassages.Herearesomeexamplesintheexams.Trytoguessthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingpassages.,.,Hereisanexamplefromonetestpaper,分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。青少年太早来到学校上课，就坐在桌旁打盹。而且我们知道“nod”有点头的意思。根据常识，打盹的时候会情不自禁地垂下头。,eg：ABrownUniversitysleepresearcherhassomeadviceforpeoplewhorunhighschools:Dontstartclassessoearlyinthemorning.Itmaynotbethatthestudentswhonodoffattheirdesksarelazy.Anditmaynotbethattheirparentshavefailedtoenforce(确保)bedtime.Instead,itmaybethatbiologicallythesesleepyheadstudentsarentusedtotheearlyhour.49.Theunderlinedphrase“nodoff”mostprobablymeans“_”.turnaroundB.agreewithothersC.fallasleepD.refusetowork,.,Hereisanotherexamplefromthetestpaper.,分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据上下文原则里的并列关系，我们通过一个and可以断定apprehensive跟nervous是同义词。,eg：Aheart-warmingstorytellsofawomanwhofinallydecidedtoaskherbossforaraiseinsalary.Alldayshefeltnervousandapprehensive.Lateintheafternoonshesummonedthecouragetoapproachheremployer.Toherdelight,thebossagreedtoaraise.54.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_A.worriedB.eagerC.certainD.afraid,.,Hereisanotherexamplefromthetestpaper.,分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我们通过下文对cuisine这个词的补充解释，来判定它的基本意思为食物。,eg：Eachregionhasadistinctivelocalflavor.Here,wedliketointroducethebestofChinesecuisine.Now,theremightbeChineserestaurantsalmosteverywhereintheworld,butIcouldntthinkofabetterplaceortimetoshowthecharmofitthanattheBeijingOlympics.41.Theunderlinedwordinparagraph1mostprobablymeans_A.cookerB.cookC.foodD.tradition,.,Hereisanotherexamplefromthetestpaper.,分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我们通过下文对leg这个词的补充解释，来判定它的基本意思为这个biketour的一部分，不要误选A。,AbiketourandracewillbeheldonAug26and27.At5:30am,theriderswillleaveTiananmenSquareandridethefirst35kmasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55KmlegfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetition.Theunderlinedword“leg”probablymeans_.A.raceB.practiceC.partofthetrainingD.partofthetour,.,Domoreexercises.,.,eg：Oneofthepredominantconcernstodayisthefutureofournaturalresources.Thisissueisofgreatestimportancebecauseitisbecomingcleartomanypeoplethatourpresentresourceswillnotlastforever.,文中“predominant”的词义可猜测为具有与“ofgreatestimportance”相近的意思。,.,eg：Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken,手势,哑剧,舞剧,.,eg：Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.,文中“enormous”的词义可猜测为与“large”的意思相近。,.,eg：Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyperson,whodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.,根据文中“unlike.”的意思，可将gregarious理解为与文中“ashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.”相反的意思，即：表示“好交际的”。,.,eg：Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.,spectacles的词义，从下文“戴上spectacles后开始阅读”可以猜得其词义“眼镜”。,.,eg：Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.,geometricforms的意思，可从文中所列举的三角形，正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为“几何图形”。,.,eg：Theyoverestimatetheintervieweesabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions.,在overestimate词中over-是前缀，意为“过分”。因此overestimate的词义可以猜测为“过高估计”的意思。,.,eg：Weweretoldthatourswasthemostspaciousroominthehotel.Thatwaswhywehadtopaysomuchforit.,Spacious是由词根space(空间)+ious(形容词后缀)构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为“有空间的，宽敞的”。,小试身手,Albertssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachie