机电一体化专业英语PPT.ppt

机电一体化专业英语（第2版）EnglishforElectromechanicalIntegration（II）,Contents,Unit5,Unit4,Unit3,Unit2,Unit1,Unit10,Unit9,Unit8,Unit7,Unit6,Unit1LatheAccessories,长春汽车工业高等专科学校,PassageA,LatheAccessoriesBrassRoundStock(铜质圆料)Brassisanicematerialtoworkwith,thoughsomewhatexpensivecomparedwithaluminumorsteel.Itcanaddanicetouchofcontrastingcolortoaprojectthatwillbedisplayed.Thealloymostoftenusedforhomeshopworkis360.,Unit1,CenterDrills(中心钻)Centerdrillsarestiff,stubbylittledrillsusedtostartholesintheendofwork-piece.Ifyoutrytodrillaholeinawork-piecewithoutusingacenterdrill，youwillfindthatthedrillwillmostlikelywobbleoffcenterandnotdrillstraightintothework-piece.Standarddrillingpracticeistofirstmakeafacingcutontheendofthework-piece,thendrillastarterholeusingacenterdrillandthendrilltheholetotherequireddepthwithastandarddrill.,PassageA,Unit1,ChipBrushes(清屑刷)Chipbrushesareinexpensivepaintbrushesthatarehandyforallkindsofusesaroundtheshop.Werenotsurewherethenameoriginated,butwedontthinkithadanythingtodowithremovingchips;neverthelessthisisoneoftheusesthesebrushesexcelat.Theyarealsoidealtocleanthepackinggreaseoffanewlatheormill.Incidentally,experiencedmachinistswilltellyoualwaystouseabrush,ratherthancompressedair,tocleanthechipsfrommachinetoolsascompressedairwilldrivethechipsdeepintotherecessesofthemachine.Chipbrushesarethepreferredwaytocleanupchips.,PassageA,Unit1,DigitalCaliper(数显卡尺)DigitalcalipersareusedjustlikedialcalipersformakinginsideandoutsidemeasurementsaccuratetoonethousandthofaninchbuthaveadirectLCDdigitalreadout.Onadialcaliperyoufirstreadthemajordimensiontothenearesttenthofaninchfromtheslideandmentallyaddtothattheminordimensionfromthedialtothenearestthousandth.Thisbecomessecondnatureafterawhile,butstillintroducesopportunitiestomakeamistake.Adigitalcaliperreadsoutthefulldimensiononthedisplay,soisprettyfoolproof,aslongasitisproperlyzeroed.Youcanalsoswitchbetweenmetricandinchmodesasneeded.,DialCaliper(带表卡尺),DigitalCaliper(数显卡尺),PassageA,Unit1,PassageA,DrillRod(钻杆)Drillrodisasteelalloywithashinysilverycolorandgoodmachiningproperties.Unlikeotherrawmaterials,whichmayvaryfromthenominaldiameterby+.010ormore,drillrodissurfacegroundtowithinabout.001ofthenominaldiameter.Whilenotclassifiedasastainlesssteel,drillrodismoderatelyresistanttorust-more,atleast,thanordinarycarbonsteels.Itisgreatforapplicationssuchasshaftsandaxles.Ausefulpropertyofdrillrodisthatitcaneasilybehardenedbyheatingtoaredhotstateandthenquenchinginoilorwater.Thustreated,themetalishardenoughtousefortoolssuchaspunches.DrillSets(成套钻头)Drillingisoneofthemostcommonlyperformedoperationsonthelathe,soyouwillneedagoodcollectionofdecent-qualitydrills.Whenyoubuyyourlathe,dontforgettoorderatailstockchuckandarbortoholdthedrills.Poorqualitydrillsareeasytofind,buttheyaretrulyawasteofmoney.Thatsnottosaythatyouneedtobuytopqualityindustrialdrills.Itsnotalwayseasytotellagooddrillbitfromapooronejustbylookingand,ofcourse,itsevenharderifallyouhaveisapictureonawebsiteorinacatalog.Generally,though,thelowestpriceddrillsetsaretheonestostayawayfrom.,Unit1,PassageA,Faceplate(花盘)Afaceplateisahandyaccessoryforturningodd-shapedworkthatcannoteasilybeheldinachuck.Whileitsnottoodifficulttomakeyourownfaceplatefromsteeloraluminum,atthispriceitshardlyworththeeffort.Aftermountingthefaceplateonthespindle,itisstandardpracticeforfaceplatestotakealightone-timefacingcuttoensurethatthefaceoftheplateissquarewiththelathe.Castirondustisveryharmfultobreathe,soIstronglyrecommendwearingadustmaskduringthisoperationanduntilyouhavevacuumeduptheresultingdust.Whenusingafaceplate,alwaysensurethattheworkissecurelyclampeddownandbalancedbysomeoffsettingpieceofmetal,ifnecessary.(Figure1-7),Unit1,PassageA,FeelerGages(塞尺)Feelergagesaresetsofthinsteelstripsofaccuratethicknesses,typicallyfrom.001uptoabout.040orso(Figure1-8).Therearetypicallyabout20to40separatestripsinaset,joinedtogetherbyaboltthatrunsthroughaholeintheendofeachgage.Eachgagehasthethicknessmarkedonit,inbothinchesandmmintheexamplebelow.Alloftheleavesfoldupintothehandletoprotectthemfrombendingwhentheyrenotinuse.Whiletheirintendedpurposeistomeasurethegapbetweentwosurfaces,suchastheelectrodesofsparkplug.,Unit1,PassageA,FollowerRest(跟刀架)Afollowerrestissimilartoasteadyrest,butisattachedtoandtravelswiththecarriagetoprovideamovingsupportfortheworkbehindthecuttingtool.Thisisveryhandywhentryingtoturnlimberworkwhichwouldotherwisebowoutawayfromthetool.Ifyouhaveeverwonderedaboutthetwoscrewholesontheleftedgeofthecarriage,nowyouknowwhattheyarefor-theyarethemountingholesforthefollowerrest.,Unit1,Notes,1.Centerdrillsarestiff,stubbylittledrillsusedtostartholesintheendofwork-piece.本句是个简单句。句中usedtostart是后置定语，修饰stubbylittledrills。全句可译为：中心钻是坚硬的、粗而短的小型钻头，用于在工件端面开孔。2.DigitalcalipersareusedjustlikedialcalipersformakinginsideandoutsidemeasurementsaccuratetoonethousandthofaninchbuthaveadirectLCDdigitalreadout.本句稍长，但它是一个并列句。句中“but”为连词，译为“而且”。全句可译为：数显卡尺就像带表卡尺一样，被用来实现千分之一英寸的内外精确测量，而且带有一个液晶显示器。3.Aftermountingthefaceplateonthespindle,itisstandardpracticeforfaceplatestotakealightone-timefacingcuttoensurethatthefaceoftheplateissquarewiththelathe.本句是一个复合句，After引导出介词短语，主语为totake，而toensurethat又引导出一个状语从句。全句可译为：在把花盘安装在主轴上后,常规作法是对断面进行一次性的轻切削以确保花盘表面与车床主轴垂直。,Unit1,NewWords,lathen.车床accessoryn.附件brassn.黄铜stockn.棒料aluminumn.铝alloyn.合金drilln.钻v.钻stubbya.粗而短的wobblev.摆动chipn.铁屑greasen.润滑脂milln.铣床incidentallyad.顺便说一句machinistn.机械师compressv.压缩recessn.凹窝处，沟槽preferreda.优先的，首选的digitala.数字的,calipern.卡尺dialn.刻度表measurementn.测量accuratea.精确的readoutn.读数，读数器majora.大的dimensionn.尺寸sliden.滑尺minora.小的foolproofa.不会出错的metricn.米制rodn.杆silverya银色的，似银的nominala.公称的，基本的diametern.直径,Unit1,NewWords,grindv.磨削stainlessa.不生锈的resistanta.抵抗的，阻止的rustn.锈carbonn.碳shaftn.传动轴axlen.车轴quenchv.（淬火）冷却punchn.冲头,冲床decent-qualitya.优质的tailstockn.尾座chuckn.夹具arborn.刀杆faceplaten.（车床）花盘,odd-shapeda.奇特形状的mountv.安装spindlen.主轴castn.铸造maskn.口罩vacuumv.用吸尘器吸n.真空securelyad.安全地clampv.夹紧offsetv.偏置gagen.量规stripn.金属片boltn.螺栓leaven.金属片foldv.折electroden.电极板，电极棒,Unit1,NewWords,sparkn.火花plugn.塞子attachv.固定carriagen.滑板limbera.柔性的，易弯曲的screwn.螺钉,Unit1,PhrasesandExpressions,contrastingcolor对比色centerdrill中心钻chipbrush清屑刷behandyfor便于excelat擅长packinggrease密封润滑脂digitalcaliper数显卡尺dialcaliper带表卡尺LCD(LiquidCrystalDisplay)液晶显示器drillrod钻杆machiningproperty加工性能rawmaterial原材料carbonsteel碳素钢,agoodcollectionof大量的standardpractice常规作法besquarewith与垂直castiron铸铁feelergage测隙规，塞尺，厚薄规intendedpurpose预期作用steadyrest固定支架sparkplug火花塞followerrest跟刀架bowoutawayfromthetool让刀,Unit1,Exercises,EXERCISE1MarkthefollowingstatementswithT(True)orF(False)accordingtothepassage.1.Centerdrillsarehard,shortness,thicknessandlittledrillsusedtostartholesintheendofwork-piece.2.Chipbrushesareveryuseful,butmoreexpensive.3.Digitalcalipersareusedasameasurementindicatedbyamovingneedleorpointer.4.Drillrodisacopperalloywithanicecolorandgoodmachiningproperties.5.Feelergagesareaccuratesetsofthinsteelstripstomeasurethegapbetweentwosurfaces.,T,F,T,F,T,Unit1,Exercises,EXERCISE2TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.centerdrill_2._密封润滑脂3.machiningproperty_4._碳素钢5.castiron_6._测隙规7.steadyrest_8._跟刀架,中心钻,加工性能,铸铁,中心架,packinggrease,carbonsteel,feelergage,followerrest,Unit1,PassageB,LatheAccessories(II)LiveCenterCentersareoftenusedinthetailstocktosupporttheendofarelativelylongandlimberwork-piece.Thedrawbackofa“dead”centeristhatthecenterdoesnotrotate,whilethework-piecethatitsupportsdoes,leadingtofrictionandpossiblyoverheating.Bycontrast,thetipofa“live”centerrotatesfreelyinbearings,androtateswiththework-piecesothatthefrictionisgreatlyreduced(Figure1-10).MediumDensityFiberboard(MDF)MDFisnotreallyanaccessory,butitisahandy,inexpensive,lightweightandeasilyworkablematerialtohavearoundtheshop.Itisasyntheticmaterial,butwithdifferentproperties.Itisavailableinthicknessesuptoatleast3/4andissmoothonbothfaces.Itcutseasilyusingasabersaw,circularsaw,bandsaw,tablesaworradialarmsaw.Onedisadvantageisthatittendstoabsorbmoisture,butthispropensitycanbegreatlyreducedbyspray-paintingthesurfaces(Figure1-11).,Unit1,PassageB,Figure1-10LiveCentersFigurel-11MediumDensityFiberboard,Unit1,PassageB,MillingAttachmentAmillingattachmentbecameavailableasastandardaccessoryforthemini“_”lathe.Beforethisaccessorybecameavailable,manylatheownersmadetheirownversionsbasedontheonemadebyVarmintAl.VarmintAlsusesastandardmillingvisewhiletheoneshownbelowusessocketheadscrewstoholdthework-piecebetweenthejaws.Whilebynomeansasubstituteformini-mill,thisaccessoryisaninexpensivewaytoaddlimitedmillingcapabilitytoyourmini-lathewhileyousaveupforamill(Figure1-12).T-handleMetricHexWrenchSetThesearentreallyessential,buttheyaresohandyandsocheapthatyouwillkickyourselfifyoulivewithoutthemandthenlatertrythem.Iusethesefornearlyallthehexheadscrewsonthelathe(Figure1-13).,Figurel-12MillingAttachment,Unit1,PassageB,TailstockChuckandArborDrillingisafundamentallatheoperationandyouwillneedachuckanda#2MorseTaperarbortodoit.ThearborhasathreadorJacobstaperononeend(tomatewiththechuck)anda#2MTontheotherendtomatewiththetailstockcylinder.Toremovethearbor,placethechuckinyourbenchvisewiththejawsopenjustalittlewiderthanthearbordiameter(notclampingthearbor).Openthejawsupanduseashortpieceofroundstockoradriftpintodrivethearboroutofthebackofthechuck.Thisshouldonlyrequireafairlylighttapofthehammer.Itsagoodideatopositionaragunderneaththearbortocatchitsothatitdoesnotgetdingedupbyfallingtothefloor(Figure1-14).,Figure1-13T-handleMetricHexWrenchSetFigure1-14TailstockChuckandArbor,Unit1,PassageB,ToolBitsWhileIrecommendthatyoulearntogrindyourowntoolbitsfromToolBlanks,youmaywanttohaveasetofpre-groundHighSpeedSteel(HSS)toolbits.Notonlywilltheygetyouofftoanimmediatestart,theyllserveasgoodexamplesoftheshapesyouwanttoattainwhenyougrindyourown.HeresaverynicesetfromWaldenSpecialties.Thesetincludesa60threadingtoolthatcanbedifficulttogrindbyhand(Figure1-15).QuickChangeTool-postAquickchangetoolpost(QCTP)isanaccessorythatwestronglyrecommend:getoneassoonasyourbudgetallows.Why?Itwillsaveyouhoursoftimeandloweryourbloodpressurebyseveralpointssinceyoullnolongerhavetostackshimsunderthetoolbittogetittomatchtheheightofthelathecenterline.WithaQCTP,eachcuttingtoolhasitsowndedicatedholder.Eachholderhasalockingheightadjustment.Afewquicktrialsandadjustmentsandyoulockthetoolheighttotheperfectsetting.Youwontneedtoadjustituntilyousharpenthetool,whichmaylowerthetipbyafewthousandths(Figure1-16).,Unit1,PassageB,Figurel-15ToolBitsFigurel-16QuickChangeToolPost,Wet/DrySandpaperWet/Drysandpaperisveryhandyforputtingaveryfineshinyfinishonmetalwork-piecesinthelathe.Inthatapplicationitisgenerallyuseddry,butwhenusedwetonaflatbackingsurfaceitdoesagreatjobofsmoothingflatmetalworkpiecesfrommillingoperations(Figure1-17).WhiteLithiumGreaseWhitelithiumgreaseisusefulforlubricatingjustaboutanyofthemovingpartsofthelathe(Uselightoilontheways,though,notgreases)(Figure1-18).,Unit1,PassageB,Figure1-17Wet/DrySandpaperFigure1-18WhiteLithiumGrease,Unit1,NewWords,centern.顶尖drawbackn.弊端rotatev.旋转frictionn.摩擦bearingn.轴承densityn.密度synthetica.合成的sawn.锯circulara.圆形的bandn.带状radiala.径向的moisturen.水分propensityn.倾向性attachmentn.夹具versionn.版本，型号visen.虎钳,jawn.夹具substituten.替代品hexagonala.六角形的wrenchn.扳手threadn.螺纹tapern.锥度matev.匹配cylindern.汽缸benchn.工作台hammern.锤子ragn.地脚螺栓dingv.发出声响attainv.获得，达到stackv.堆shimn.垫片centerlinen.中线,Unit1,NewWords,dedicateda.专用的holdern.刀架adjustmentn.调整trialn.试刀sandpapern.砂纸finishn.抛光度lithiumn.锂lubricatev.润滑,Unit1,PhrasesandExpressions,livecenter活动顶尖bycontrast相反MediumDensityFiberboard(MDF)中密度纤维板sabersaw军刀形电动手锯circularsaw圆盘锯bandsaw带锯tablesaw台锯radialarmsaw手拉锯tendto易于bebasedon基于socketheadscrew凹头螺钉bynomeans绝不T-handleMetricHexWrenchSetT型手柄公制成套六角扳手,MorseTaper莫氏锥度Jacobstaper贾克布锥度driftpin冲头toolbit刀头ToolBlank刀头HighSpeedSteel(HSS)高速钢WaldenSpecialties瓦尔登专卖店threadingtool螺纹车刀byhand用手工quickchangetoolpost(QCTP)快换刀架whitelithiumgrease白色锂基润滑脂lightoil轻质油,Unit1,Exercises,EXERCISE3Choosethebestlatheaccessoryaccordingtotheinformationgiven.,C,E,A,F,B,D,Unit1,Exercises,EXERCISE4Abbreviationsareveryusefulinpracticalwork.ReadthemandthentranslatethemintocorrespondingChineseterms.,交流电,自动检测读出设备,绝对误差,自动化技术设计,自动手动,自动比率控制,基本汇编程序,斜齿轮,Unit1,PartII,ThefollowingisthestructureofconventionalMachinetool.,Unit1,PartII,ThefollowingisthestructureofconventionalMachinetool.,ExplanationsoftheMachineToolTerms续表,Unit1,PartII,ThefollowingisthestructureofconventionalMachinetool.,ExplanationsoftheMachineToolTerms续表,Unit1,Exercises,EXERCISE5Thefollowingistheconventionalmachinetool.Youarerequiredtochoosethesuitablewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.,Unit1,1.Tailstock.6.7.CrossSlideHand-wheel4.EmergencyStop,Exercises,Tool-post,Chuck,DigitalReadout,Headstock,CompoundHand-wheel,Auto-feedDirectionSelect,LatheForward/Backward,Auto-feedOn/Off,CarriageHand-wheel,SpeedSelectors,Auto-feedSpeedSelectors,Unit1,PartIII,Thefollowingisalatheaccessory,andyoucanunderstandthenameofToolBits.,Unit1,PartIII,Unit1,Exercises,EXERCISE6Matchthewordsorphrasesontheleftwiththeirmeaningsontheright.,Unit1,Exercises,EXERCISE6Matchthewordsorphrasesontheleftwiththeirmeaningsontheright.,AB1.StepmeasuringfaceA.紧固螺丝2.InsidemeasuringfaceB.校准贴纸3.LCDDisplayScreenC.内径测量面4.inch/mmkeyD.尺身5.LockingscrewE.阶梯测量面6.BatterycoverF.开/关键7.BodyG.公英制转换键8.CalibrationstickerH.液晶显示屏9.DepthbarI.外径测量面10.Zero-settingkeyJ.滑尺11.On/OffkeyK.电池盖12.SliderL.清零键13.OutsidemeasuringfaceM.测深杆,Unit1,Exercises,Thissectionwillhelpyoutounderstandseveralformsofmachining.,ExternalOperationsTurningAturningoperationinwhichasingle-pointtoolmovesaxially,alongthesideofthework“_”piece,removingmaterialtoformdifferentfeatures,includingsteps,tapers,chamfers,andcontours.Thesefeaturesaretypicallymachinedatasmallradialdepthofcutandmultiplepassesaremadeuntiltheenddiameterisreached.Forafinishoperation,thecuttingfeediscalculatedbasedonthedesiredsurfaceroughnessandthetoolnoseradius.,Unit1,Exercises,EXERCISE7Thissectionistotestyourabilitytoidentifydifferentoperations.,Unit1,Exercises,EXERCISE7Thissectionistotestyourabilitytoidentifydifferentoperations.,Asingle-pointturningtoolmovesaxially,alongthesideofthework-piece,removingmaterialtoformdifferentfeatures,including(1)steps,(1)Steps(2)(3)(4),Contours,Tapers,Chamfers,Unit1,PartIV,ThemicrometerscrewgaugeThemicrometerscrewgaugeisusedtomeasureevensmallerdimensionsthantheverniercaliper.Themicrometerscrewgaugealsousesanauxiliaryscale(measuringhundredthsofamillimeter)whichismarkedonarotarythimble.Basicallyitisascrewwithanaccuratelyconstantpitch.Themicrometersinourlaboratoryhaveapitchof0.50mm.Therotatingthimbleissubdividedinto50equaldivisions.Thethimblepassesthroughaframethatcarriesamillimetrescalegraduatedto0.5mm.Thejawscanbeadjustedbyrotatingthethimbleusingthesmallratchetknob.Thethimblemustberotatedthroughtworevolutionstoopenthejawsby1mm.Hereisausefulapplettolearnhowtousethemicrometerscrewgauge(Figure1-9).,Unit1,PartIV,Figure1-19Themicrometerscrewgauge,Inordertomeasureanobject,theobjectisplacedbetweenthejawsandthethimbleisrotatedusingtheratchetuntiltheobjectissecured.Notethattheratchetknobmustbeusedtosecuretheobjectfirmlybetweenthejaws,otherwisetheinstrumentcouldbedamagedorgiveaninconsistentreading.,Notethatanadditionalhalfscaledivision(0.5mm)mustbeincludedifthemarkbelowthemainscaleisvisiblebetweenthethimbleandthemainscaledivisiononthesleeve.Theremainingtwosignificantfigures(hundredthsofamillimeter)aretakendirectlyfromthethimbleoppositethemainscale.InFigure1-20thelastgraduationvisibletotheleftofthethimbleis7mmandthethimblelinesupwiththemainscaleat38hundredthsofamillimeter(0.38mm);thereforethereadingis7.38mm.InFigure1-21thelastgraduationvisibletotheleftofthethimbleis7.5mm;thereforethereadingis7.5mmplusthethimblereadingof0.22mm,giving7.72mm.,Unit1,PartIV,Figure1-20Thereadingis7.38mmFigure1-21Thereadingis7.27mm,InFigure1-22themainscalereadingis3mmwhilethereadingonthedrumis0.46mm;therefore,thereadingis3.46mm.InFigure1-23the0.5mmdivisionisvisiblebelowthemainscale;thereforethereadingis3.5mm+0.06mm=3.56mm.,Figure1-22Thereadingis3.46mmFigure1-23Thereadingis3.56mm,Unit1,PartIV,TrythefollowingbyyourselfAnswer:Figure1-245.80mmFigure1-253.09mmFigure1-260.29mm,Figure1-24Figure1-25Figure1-26,Unit1,Unit2MetalMaterialsandMetalForming,长春汽车工业高等专科学校,PassageA,Unit2,MetalMaterialsAlmost75%ofallelementsaremetals.Metalsareusedinelectronicsforwiresandincookwareforpotsandpansbecausetheyconductelectricityandheatwell.Mostmetalsaremalleableandductileandare,ingeneral,heavierthantheotherelementalsubstances.Twoormoremetalscanbealloyedtocreatematerialswithpropertiesthatdonotexistinapuremetal.Allmetalscanbeclassifiedaseitherferrousornon-ferrous.Ferrousmetalscontainironandnon-ferrousmetalsdonot.Allferrousmetalsaremagneticandhavepoorcorrosionresistancewhilenon-ferrousmetalsaretypicallynon-magneticandhavemorecorrosionresistance.Anoverviewofthemostcommonferrousandnon-ferrousmetalsisshownbelow.,PassageA,Unit2,FerrousMetals(1)Materialname:LowCarbonSteels(Figure2-1)Composition:Upto0.30%carbonProperties:Goodformability,goodweldability,lowcostApplications:0.1%0.2%carbon:Chains,stampings,rivets,nails,wire,pipe,andsoon0.2%0.3%carbon:Machineandstructuralparts(2)Materialname:MediumCarbonSteels(Figure2-2),Figure2-1LowCarbonSteelsFigure2-2MediumCarbonSteels,PassageA,Unit2,Composition:0.30%to0.80%carbonProperties:Agoodbalanceofproperties,fairformabilityApplications:0.3%0.4%carbon:Leadscrews,gears,worms,spindles,shafts,andmachineparts0.4%0.5%carbon:Crankshafts,gears,axles,mandrels,toolshanks,andheat-treatedmachineparts0.6%0.8%carbon:Drophammerdies,setscrews,screwdrivers,andarbors0.7%0.8%carbon:Toughandhardsteel.Anvilfaces,bandsaws,hammers,wrenches,andcablewire(3)Materialname:HighCarbonSteels(Figure2-3)Composition:0.80%to2.0%CarbonProperties:Lowtoughness,formability,andweld-ability,highhardnessandwearresistance,fairformability,PassageA,Unit2,Applications:0.8%0.9%carbon:Punchesformetal,rockdrills,shearblades,coldchisels,rivetsets,andmanyhandtools0.9%1.0%carbon:Usedforhardnessandhightensilestrength,likespringsandcuttingtools1.0%1.2%carbon:Drills,taps,millingcutters,knives,coldcuttingdies,woodworkingtools1.2%1.3%c