高考英语六大题型命题趋势及对策课件.ppt

定语从句,theattributiveclause课件制作人赵奎,定语从句概念：1、复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词/代词的从句称为定语从句。2、所饰名词称为先行词。,1）theboyistom.theboyissmiling.,2）theteacherwillgiveusatalk.wemettheteacheryesterday.,=theboywhoissmilingistom.(主语),=theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,3）themaniskind.everyonelikeshim.,=theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语),定语从句的构成,who主/宾人whom宾关whose定语系that主/宾代词which主/宾物that主/宾whose(ofwhich)定语,eg:1)themanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayismrbrown.,who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,3)apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2)theboywhowesawyesterdayisjack.,4)themanwhoitalkedwithisourteacher.,1)themanwhomyouaregoingtovisitisafamouswriter.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略),3)theman(whom)inoddedtoismr.li.,2)haveyoumetthepersonwhomhewasspeakingabout?,3.whose:指人或物，作定语，表示的,5)pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.,3)theyhelpedthemanwhosecarhadbroken.,4)helivesinthehousewhosewindowsopentosouth.,2)isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblack.,eg:1)harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathsteacher.,4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略),eg:1)thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,2)thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinjapan.,3)isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,5.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,eg:1)aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,2)heistheman(that)itoldyouabout.,3)letsaskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.,4)thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisjimssister.,5)thecakes(that)icookedweredelicious.,若引导词作介词的宾语，介词可以提前构成介词+引导词的形式,isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,theman(whom)inoddedtoismr.li.,themantowhominoddedismr.li.,注意：这时引导词指人只能用whom，指物只能用which,即：介词+whichwhom.,考点一：介词的提前,如果定语从句中的介词短语是固定搭配，则介词不能提前,eg:1)heisthemanwhoiamlookingfor.,2)heisthemanwhoiamlookingafter.,3)heisthemanwhoiamlookingat.,canyouworkthemout?,fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,without,about,on,for,关系代词前介词的确定,1.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：,2)hehasthreesons,allofwhomareteacher,如5,11,16题,e.g.1)thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentobeijing.,2.whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.,关系代词前介词的确定,whose:指人或物，作定语，表示的eg:1)harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathsteacher.2)isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblack.,5)pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.,3)theyhelpedthemanwhosecarhadbroken.,4)helivesinthehousewhosewindowsopentosouth.,考点二：that和which的区别,以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.thisisthebestbook(that)iveeverread.,3.先行词被theonly（唯一的），thevery（正是那个），thelast修饰时，用that。e.g.heistheonlypersonthatiwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.,考点二：that和which的区别,5.当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。,6.当主句的助于是疑问词who或which时，用that。,7.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，用that。,eg.doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,eg.whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?,eg.shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.,1.thisisall_iknowaboutthematter.a.thatb.whatc.whod.whether2isthereanythingelse_youwant?a.whichb.thatc.whod.what3.thelastplace_wevisitedwasthegreatwall.a.whichb.thatc.whered.it,4.pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.a.whereb.whichc.whod.that,5.isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?a.thatb./c.whichd.it,6.finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice（nmet98)a.whichb.whatc.whateverd.that,e.g.heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.,b.引导非限制性定语从句时；,引导词前有介词时；,c.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；,只用which，不用that的情况：,如8，12，15，20，23，24，25题,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导定语从句，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.1)suchbooksasyougavemeareinteresting.2)ihavethesameplanasyou.,2.当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as.,eg.asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.,注：as多用于下列习惯用语中：asanybodycansee(正如人人都能看到的那样)；asiswellknownasisknowntoall(众所周知)；aswehadexpected(正如我们所预料的那样)；asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样)；ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)；asismentionedabove(正如上面提到的)等。,如19题,而下面两种情况只能用which.,1.当定语从句放在主句后面时，如果定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which.,eg.1)hecamehereverylate,whichwasunexpected(notexpected).,2.当定语从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。,2)mr.smithusuallypraiseshisstudentrose,whichshedoesntlikeatall.,eg.tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmeveryhappy.,如7，18题,如7，18题,注：当先行词是way（方式方法）时，根据英语的习惯常用that和inwhich来引导定语从句，而且也常常省略；另外当先行词是time（次），其前面用序数词修饰时，根据英语的习惯常用that来代替forwhich来引导定语从，但time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词+atduring+which引导定语从句。如：,1)thisisthefirsttime(that)weshallseeanenglishfilm.,2)theway(that)wediditverysimple.,3)thiswasatatimewhenduringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornotvsets.,（1）therearetwoboysinpeters，bothof_arewhite（2）therearetwoboysinpeters，andbothof_arewhite,易混淆句型训练,（1）johnisoneofthestudentswho_english（2）johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_english,know,knows,whom,them,注意：1.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。,2.nottheonlyoneofoneofeg.tomisnottheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.tomisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.汤姆并非是唯一一个通过考试的男孩。（汤姆只是通过考试的男孩中的一个。）,主语,宾语,定语,that/who,that/who(m),whose,that/which,关系代词的用法小结,whose,指人的关系代词,指物的关系代词,主语,宾语,定语,that/which,主谓一致,主谓一致,关系副词的用法,关系副词,when_,where_,why_,时间,地点,原因,when：,eg:1)illneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichifirstwenttobeijing.,2)isthisthedaywhen/onwhichivisitedthemuseum?,试比较：,iwillneverforgettheyearwhichwespenttogether.,iwillneverforgettheyearinwhich/whenweworktogether.,1)pleaseputtheletteronthedeskwhere/onwhichhecaneasilyfindit,where,thisisthefactorywhichivisitedyesterday.,thisisthefactorytowhichwhereipaidavisit.,2)thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatheronceworked.,试比较：,thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidntcometothemeeting.,why,thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.,thisisthereasonwhichthathegavetome,试比较：,1.haveyouvisitedthehouse_thefamouswriterwasborn.a.inthatb.wherec.whend.onwhich,2.doyoustillremembertheday_wefirstmet?a.thatb.onthatc.whered.when,3.ishallneverforgetthosedays_ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers.a.that.b.when.c.which.d.when.,5.afterlivinginparisforfiftiesyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.a.whichb.wherec.thatd.when6.thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_iwastak