植物病理学专业英语.ppt

PlantPathology,LiHongmeiDepartmentofPlantPathologyNanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Generalintroduction(4h)IntroductiontoPlantPathology(6h)Plantdiseasescausedbyfungi(4h)Plantdiseasescausedbyprokaryotes(2h)Plantdiseasescausedbynematodes(2h),Content,DiseaseandplantdiseaseModesofnutritionofmicro-organismsSymptomsofdiseaseKochspostulatesFactorsaffectingdiseasedevelopment,Generalintroduction,mycoplasmas支原体substrate基质或底物saprophytes腐生物parasites寄生物symbiotic共生sootymoulds煤污病,obligateparasites专性寄生物facultativeparasites兼性寄生物biotrophs活体营养dampingoff腐烂necrotrophs死体营养waterlogged浸水的symptoms症状discolorations变色abnormalgrowth畸形rot腐烂pycnidia分生孢子器physiologicalwilts生理性萎焉,Translations,kochspostulate科赫氏假设（rule法则）softrotofpotatoes马铃薯软腐病Erwiniacarotovarasubsp.carotovora胡萝卜软腐菌胡萝卜亚种implicate涉及stembaserotofcereals禾谷茎基腐病Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides(thecauseofeyespot眼点)小麦基腐病菌brownfootrot褐色根腐病Rhizoctoniacerealis禾谷丝核菌sharpeyespot纹枯病、立枯病、尖眼点病synergistically互相作用的，促进的Septoriatritici小麦叶枯病病菌S.nodorum小麦颖枯病病菌,inoculation接种inoculum接种物、接种体复数：inoculaultra-violetlight紫外光rain-splashedfungalspores雨水飞溅传播的真菌孢子simulate模仿aphid蚜虫Erysiphegraminispowderymildewofcereals禾谷类作物白粉病multiply繁殖，增加diseasecomplex病害复合体buildup建立colonization定殖reproduction繁殖,5.Factors,propagules(inoculum)繁殖体thequantityofinitialinoculum初侵染量transient短暂的firstinfection初侵染furtherinfection再侵染sclerotialinoculum菌核接种oilseedrape油菜Sclerotiniasclerotiorum油菜菌核病菌stemrot茎腐sclerotia菌核balance平衡critical批判的，aggressivequality侵袭力soil-borne土传Gaeumannomycesgraminis禾顶囊壳take-allofcereals小麦全蚀病eradicate完全根除negligible可忽略的，去足轻重的starveout因饥饿而减少,humidity湿度，潮湿rainfall下雨，雨量inhibit阻止，抑制early-sownwinterbarley早播冬大麦frost霜冻subsequentinfection再侵染snowmoldofcereals禾谷雪霉病snow-cooldampcondition雪冷的湿度条件下earblightofcereals禾谷穗疫病conducive导致的，有助于的pustule脓疱latentperiod潜伏期epidemic流行病blackstemrust杆锈病interval间隔striking突出的，显著的unventilated不通风的，空气不流畅的dew水珠，露水potatoblight马铃薯晚疫病Phytophthorainfestans致病疫霉菌germination萌芽germ-tube芽管exception例外adversely相反的,sporulation孢子形成，产孢子severity严格，苛刻proportional成比例的drainedsoil可排灌地motilezoospore运动的游动孢子tuberinitiation薯块发芽prone易于的，可能的commonscabonpotatoes马铃薯疮痂病Streptomycesscabies疮痂链霉菌powderyscab马铃薯粉痂病Spongosporasubterraneanirrigate灌溉disperse散开，传播,clubrootofbrassicas芸薹根肿病Plasmodiophorabrassicaedramatic戏剧性的，引人注目的incidence发生率manipulation操作，处理limingofsoil土壤石灰化fairlywidespreadpr