一般过去时、现在完成时与一般现在时的区别VIP

,现在完成时与一般过去时、一般现在时的区别,（一）一般过去时态、现在完成时态、一般现在时的概念,一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与yesterday、yesterdayafternoon、thedaybeforeyesterday、lastyear、in1965、amomentago、justnow等表示过去的具体的时间状语连用。例如：,Hecamehereyesterday.,现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的影响和结果常与ever，never，before,twice,already,just，yet，sofar，since,for，uptonow，inpastyears等，皆不确定或模糊的时间状语连用。例如Hehasjustbrokenhisbottle.,一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes,often,usually,always,everyday(year,month),once(twice,threetimes)aday,等时间状语连用。Theyusuallygotoschoolbybike.Itakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Shehelpshermotheronceaweek.HeoftenwatchesTv.MarylikesreadinginterestingstoriesMarysfatherisapoliceman.Thereare50studentsinmyclass.,(二）一般过去时态、现在完成时和一般现在时的区别,）现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态.与过去没有关系。例如：,Wehaventseenhimsincelastyear.我们自从去年以来一直未见到他（现在还未见到）,Wedidntseehimlastyear.我们去年没见到他.（现在不一定未见到）,Ioftenseehim.(现在经常见到),）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：,Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.自他出生以来一直居住在这儿。（since自从以来，与现在有关，说明他还居住在这儿。）,LiuMeiwenttoseehergrandmotherlastnight.刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）,例如：Wearegoodfriends(现在情况)我们是好朋友。Igottoknowhimin2005.(过去的动作)我在2005年认识（结识）他Wehaveknowneachothersince2005.(现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)自从2005年来我们就相互认识。,（三）值得注意几个问题,）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：,WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.我们学英语两年了,）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时。例如：,IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.我曾去过上海两次,）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,lastweek,in1960）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.,4）以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：Whendidyouloseyourpen?你什么时候丢了钢笔？,5）just(刚刚）与现在完成时连用，justnow(刚才）与一般过去时连用。例如：,Thetrainhasjustgone.火车刚刚离开。Thetrainleftherejustnow.火车是刚才离开。,6）since作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；since作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。,7）sofar，inthelast/past与现在完成时连用。例如：,Sofar，manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Inthelast30years，ourliveshavechangedalot.,Hehasworkedinthisfactorysince1996.Ihaveknownhimsincehewasachild.,(四）现在完成时应注意的四个区别,1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。,2）since和for的区别。,3）have/hasgoneto；have/hasbeento；have/hasbeenin的区别。,4)already和yet的区别,A、leavebeenawayfrombuyhaveborrowkeepdiebedeadgetupbeupturnonbeoncome/getbackbebackgototownbeintownfinishbeovercatchacoldhaveacoldclosebeclosed/notopenopenbeopenfallill/asleepbeill/asleepbegin/startbeonget/receivealetterfromhavealetterfromB、cometobehere/therearrivein（at）/getto/reachbehere/therejointheArmy-beintheArmy/beasoldierjointheLeague-beintheLeague/bealeaguemember,（五）延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳,Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforayear.-It_ayear_hejoinedthearmy.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,Hedied10yearsago.-Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.-Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.-Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.-Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.-Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys),for和since的运用since表“自从以来”。1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.,for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.例如：for:(长达）1.Hehasstayedherefor3hours.2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3oclock.4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.,Fillintheblankswith“for”or“since”:Wehavehadthenewcomputer_aweek.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?IhavestudiedEnglish_Iwasfive.3.Howlonghashetaughtinthisschool?Hehastaughtinthisschool_1998.4.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehaveknowneachother_overtenyears.5.Howlonghaveyoukeptyourpetdog?Ihavekeptit_twoyearsago.Ihavekeptit_twoyears.,since,since,for,since,for,for,JameshasbeeninCanada_Monday.JameshasbeeninCanada_fourdays.JamescametoCanadafourdays_.MyaunthaslivedinBrazil_15years.MyauntmovedtoBrazil15years_.ShehaslivedinBrazil_15years_.Mikehasbeeninhospital_October.Mikehasbeeninhospital_twomonthsMikecametothehospitaltwomonths_Hehasbeeninhospital_twomonths_,填上since,for或者ago.,since,for,ago,for,ago,sinceago,since,for,ago,sinceago,Theygotmarriedsixmonths_.Theyhasbeenmarried_sixmonths.Theyhavebeenmarried_6months_.IfirstmetSusantwoyears_.IhaveknownSusan_twoyears.IhaveknownSusan_twoyearsago.Sueisintheoffice.Shesbeenthere_threehours.Suecametotheofficethreehours_.Suehasbeenintheoffice_3hours_.,ago,for,sinceago,ago,for,since,for,ago,sinceago,havegonetohavebeentohavebeenin,去了某地，不在这里,曾经去过某地,已回来,呆在某地（多长时间）,Sheisnthere.Shehasgonetothereading-room.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice/once/before.ShehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.,have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。-WhereisTom?汤姆在哪里？-Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。FatherhasgonetoHongKong.Hellbebackinaweek.爸爸到香港去了,一星期后回来,II.have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可以与just,ever,never等连用。Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚刚去过邮局。TimhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？,have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。TheyhavebeentothatHappyValleysseveraltimes.他们去过欢乐谷好几次了,have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了WehavebeeninShenzhenMiddleSchoolJuniorCampusforovertwomonths.我们在深中初中部两个多月了.,用have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeento或have/hasbeenin填空。1.Billisonholidayatthemoment.He_Spain.,hasgoneto,2.“WheresLily?”“Shesnothere.Ithinkshe_tothebank.”,hasgoneto,3.Hello,Sue.Where_you_?_you_thebank?,havebeen,Havebeento,4.Timisinhopital.He_hospitalforfivedays.,hasbeenin,5.“Howlong_she_England?”“She_EnglandsinceMonday.”forthreedays.,hasbeenin,hasbeento,6.Myfather_Shanghaitwice.,hasbeenin,7.IcanfindSusan.Where_she_?8.Oh,HelloSusan!Iwaslookingforyou.Where_you_?,hasgone,havebeen,already和yet的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末。但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句。例如：1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work.2.Tomhasntfinishedhishomeworkyet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?,Shallweeatlunch?Iam_hungry.Haveyoumetourforeignteacher_?No,not_.Hasthebellrung_?Yes,Ithas_rung.Thecomputerhasnotbeenrepaired_.Wehave_changedtheplanbecauseLindahasntmadeuphermind_.Haveyouorderedthetakeawayfood_?Yes.Wehave_orderedit.,already,yet,yet,yet,already,already,yet,yet,already,yet,Fillinalreadyoryetwhenneeded,Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.1、Tomhasgotupforhalfanhour.2、LiuMeihasjoinedtheLeagueforthreeyears.3、Thetrainhasreachedthestationsince10minutesago.4、Thelittlegirlhasfallenasleepforfourhours.5、Whenhaveyoucleanedtheclassroom?Itscleannow.6、Howlonghaveyoucaughtacold?7、Shehasgottenlettersfromhermothersincelastweek.,火眼金睛,beenup,beenin,beenat,beenasleep,did,clean,had,had,Multiplechoice.()1.Hasyourbrotherfoundhislostcar_?-No,hehasnt.A.stillB.alreadyC.justD.yet()2.Thevisitors_hereforaweek.A.haveleftB.havecomeC.havearrivedD.havebeen()3.Where_you_alltheseyears,Jim?A.have,beenB.did,beC.were,beenD.did,stay()4.Ive_thisdictionary_ayear.A.bought,forB.had,forC.bought,sinceD.had,since,D,D,A,B,()5.You_herebefore,_you?A.neverare,areB.nevercame,doC.haveneverbeen,haveD.werenever,were()6.Thedoctor_toBeijingtwice.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.wentD.goes()7.Mymotherhas_madeabigmooncakeherself.A.alreadyB.yetC.justD.always()8.-MrGreenisnolongerworkinghere.He_hereforamonth.A.hasgoneB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.left,C,B,A,C,()9._you_thefil