高中英语 2.1练习课件 牛津译林版必修1 （湖南专版）.ppt

alaughadaymayhelpkeepdeathfurtheraway,laughandtheworldlaughswithyou.evenbetter，youmightlivelonger，anorwegianresearcherreported.adultswhohadasenseofhumoroutlivedthosewhodidntfindlifefunny，andthesurvivaledgewasparticularlylargeforpeoplewithcancer，saidsvensvebakfromthemedicalschoolofthenorwegianuniversityofscienceandtechnology.hereleasedhisstudyofabout54,000norwegians.,atthestartofthestudy，patientsfilledoutquestionnaires(问卷)onhoweasilytheyfoundhumorinreallifesituationsandhowimportanthumorwas.thegreaterrolehumorplayedintheirlives，thegreatertheirchancesofsurvivingwere，svebaksaid.adultswhoscoredinthetoponequarterforhumorappreciationwere35%morelikelytobealivethanthoseinthebottomquarter，hesaid.hetookintoaccounthealth，age，sex，lifestyleandotherthingsthatcouldaffectsurvival.,inagroupof2,015peoplewhohadcancer，agreatsenseofhumorcutsomeoneschancesofdeathbyabout70%comparedwithadultswithapoorsenseofhumor，svebaksaid.hecheckedtoseewhethertheleasthumorouspeoplealsohadtheworstprognoses(预断)，whichwouldexplaintheirearlierdeaths.butthatwasntthecase，hesaid.,pastresearchshowedthathumorhelpedpeopledealwithstressandkeepahealthyimmune(免疫)systemduringstressfultimes，svebaksaid.hebelievedthatcouldimprovesurvival.“humorworkslikeashockabsorber(减震器)inacar，”hesaid.“youwouldlikeagoodshockabsorberwhenyougooverbumps(凸块)，andcancerisabigbumpinlife.”,translatetheunderlinedparagraphintochinese.“humorworkslikeashockabsorberinacar，”hesaid.“youwouldlikeagoodshockabsorberwhenyougooverbumps，andcancerisabigbumpinlife.”help：takeintoaccount：toconsiderorincludeparticularfactsordetailswhenmakingadecisionorjudgementaboutsomething,考虑到翻译文中划线句子。key：他说：“幽默就像汽车里的减震器。当你通过(路面上的)凸起部分时，你就想要一个很好的减震器，而癌症犹如人生中的一个大坎儿。”,sectionwelcometotheunit&reading,.短语翻译1度假回来_【答案】arrive/bebackfromvacation2迫不及待要做_【答案】cantwaittodo.,3处理；对付_【答案】do/dealwith4(灯光)熄灭_【答案】goout5不再生气_【答案】benotmadanymore,6onedayearlierthanexpected_【答案】比预期的时间提前一天7besupposedtodo._【答案】应当做8beinamess_【答案】乱七八糟,9leavesb.incharge_【答案】让某人负责管理10gounpunished_【答案】不受惩罚,.课文理解阅读homealone，回答下列问题11whatdoesthetitle“homealone”meanaccordingtothepassage?aitisaboutthequarrelshappeningonlyinfamilies.bitisamatteroccurredinonlyonefamily，thatis，danielshome.cleavechildathomealone.dtakecareofthehousebychildrenalone.【答案】d,12whoisinchargeofthehouseduringmumanddadsabsence？a.eric.bdaniel.cspot.dnoone.【答案】b13whatisthefeelingofdanielanderictowardstheirparentsearlyreturn?aunexpected.bsurprised.chappy.dbothaandb.【答案】d,14thewholehousewasinagreatmessonlybecause_.adanielandericwerelazytotakecareofanythingbitwasthedogthatmadeitsocthechildrenwerebusywatchingforthesickdogandtheydidnthavetimetodothatdtheparentswerebackhomeonedayearlierthanexpected【答案】c,15accordingtothedialoguesbetweenmumanddadinacttwo，scenetwo，wecanseethat_.amumlovedchildrenmuchmorethandadbdadwasangrierthanmumwascmumwasmorethinkingthandadinsomewaydmumanddadwereindisagreementwitheachother【答案】c,growingupcanbedifficult.成长可能会很艰难。该句中growingup是动名词短语作主语。该类结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且可以用it作形式主语。,seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。itisnouseyourforcinghimtostudyhard.你强迫他刻苦学习是没有用的。swimmingisagoodwayofexercise.游泳是一种很好的运动方式。,动名词作主语时，有时也可用于“itis.动名词”结构。即用it作形式主语，将作真正主语的动名词放在句末。这种动名词后置形式只限于用在名词(短语)good，use，fun，awasteoftime及形容词nice，interesting，foolish等的后面。,itsnogood/usesittingherewaiting.坐在这儿等待是没有用的。itsgreatfunpreparingforaparty.筹备一次聚会是很有趣的。动名词除了可以作主语外，还可以作宾语、表语、定语等。,1._abroadforatourcanbeagreathonorforanordinarypersonlikeme.atakenbtakingcbeingtakendhavingbeentaken【解析】句子缺少主语，首先排除a、d两项，b项表示主动，只能选c。如beinglostcanbeaterrifyingexperience.【答案】c,doyouhavetoturnupyourmusicsoloud?你必须把音乐的音量调得如此大吗？turnup意为“调大(音量)”，其反义词是turndown。wouldyoupleaseturndownyourtv？mysonisdoinghislessonsinthenextroom.请你调低电视音量好吗？我儿子正在隔壁做功课呢。,turnup还作“出现”解，为不及物动词，turndown还表示“拒绝”的意思。另外，turnon/off指“拧开/关闭(开关)”等；turnin表“上交”。makesuretoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.离开房间时要确保把灯关灭。itstimeforthemeeting，butthechairmanhasntturnedup.该开会了，但会议主席还未来到。,2.thejohnshavenot_yet，andidoubtwhethertheywillcome.acomeinbturnedinccomeupdturnedup【解析】turnup出现；到达。【答案】d,dontyouthinkthisisawasteoftime?难道你不认为这是在浪费时间吗？awasteof(time，money，etc.)浪费(时间、金钱等)thesemeetingsareacompletewasteoftime.这些会议完全是浪费时间。whatawasteofpaper！多么浪费纸啊！,wastevt.浪费；滥用。固定用法waste.onsth.“在某事上浪费”；waste.(in)doingsth.“浪费做某事”；wastenotime(in)doingsth.不失时机地做某事，赶紧做某事。whydoyouwastemoneynoclothesyoudontneed?你为什么浪费钱买你不需要的衣服呢？,dontwasteyoursympathyonhimhegotwhathedeserved.别把你的同情心浪费在他的身上他是咎由自取。yourewastingyourtimetryingtoexplaintohim.你跟他尽力解释是在浪费时间。shewastednotimeinrejectingtheoffer.她当时拒绝提议。,3.itsawasteoftime_aboutitwithsuchapersonashe.aquarrelbquarrellingcquarrelleddtoquarrelling【解析】itsawasteoftimedoingsth.意为“浪费时间做某事”。【答案】b,doyouthinkthatyourparentstrytoforceyoutospendyoursparetimedoingthingsyoudontlike?你认为你的父母在促使你业余时间做些你不喜欢的事情吗？,spareadj.多余的；空闲的；备用的；节约的；贫乏的(of)hehasnothingtodoinhissparetime.他休闲时间无事可做。everycarshouldcarryasparetire.每辆车子应带一个备用轮胎。heisspareofspeech.他很少说话。,sparevt.分出，腾出(时间，人手)；分让(多余的东西)；(常用于否定句或疑问句)节约，省出canyousparemeafewminutes?你能为我挪出几分钟时间吗？hesparednoexpenseinbuildingavillaforhimself.他不惜工本为自己建造了一幢别墅。iwanttosparehimthetroubleofseeingmeoffattheairport.我不想麻烦他去机场为我送行。,4.ifpossible，better_somelandforagardenwhileplanningtohaveahousebuilt.aofferbsharecallowdspare【解析】spare在这里意思是“抽出，腾出”。【答案】d,whywasdadveryangrywithdaniel?爸爸为什么对丹尼尔很生气？beangrywithsb.对某人生气，生某人的气pleasedontbeangrywithme.请别生我的气。,beangryaboutsth.因某事生气beangryatsth.因(听/看到)某事而生气；对某人所说的或所做的生气beangrytodosth.由于做某事而生气hewasveryangryatmywords.听了我的话，他很生气。hewasveryangrytohearthesewords.听了这些话，他很生气。,5.iadviseyounottobeangry_suchayoungboy.awithbatcaboutdto【答案】a,momanddadarrivebackfromvacationadayearlierthanexpected.妈妈和爸爸度假比预料的时间早回来了一天。expectvt.意思是“预料”“希望”“期盼”。thanexpected是省略式，补全的从句应为thantheyareexpected。theyarrivedontimeasexpected.正如所预料的那样，他们按时到达了。,expect的常见搭配为：expectsb./sth.期盼expecttodosth.希望做某事expectsb.todosth.希望某人做某事expect(that)从句希望；预料wehavebeenexpectingaletterthesedays.这些天我们一直在期盼着一封信。,ineverexpectedthemtotakepartinthelabour.我从未料到他们会参加这次劳动。另外，vacation，holiday与leave用法比较：(1)vacation多用于美式英语，通常指正式规定的假期，可与holiday互换。(2)holiday多用于英式英语，为可数名词，复数指较长的节日或假期。(3)leave多指因事或因病不能工作而请假。,6.inordertolookafterhersickmother，sheaskedforamonths_.aholidaybvacationcleavedrest【解析】leave因事(病)而请假，askforleave请假。【答案】c,7iveworkedwithchildrenbefore，soiknowwhat_inmynewjob.aexpectedbtoexpectctobeexpectingdexpects【解析】to不定式表“将来的动作”。【答案】b,yes，icantwaittosurprisetheboys!是的，我都等不及要让孩子们大吃一惊了！surprisev使惊奇；使感到意外；n.u惊奇；诧异；c使人惊奇的事(或物)heranswersurprisedusall.她的回答令我们都很吃惊。,shelookedathermotherinsurprise.她吃惊地看着她的母亲。surprisingly，hepassedtheexam.令人吃惊的是，他考试及格了。tomysurprise，myfatherwasnotsurprisedatthesurprisingnews.使我感到惊奇的是，我父亲未对这个令人震惊的消息而感到惊讶不已。,insurprise吃惊地toonessurprise令某人吃惊的是takebysurprise使吃惊；出其不意besurprisedat.对感到惊奇surprisedadj.感到意外的；感到惊奇的,surprisingadj.惊人的；出人意料的surprisinglyadv.使人吃惊地；令人惊奇的另外，cantwaittodo.迫不及待地想做icantwaittoseehim.我迫不及待地想看他。hecantwaittogotothemarket.他迫不及待地要到市场去。,8.theircarwashitbyatruckonthewaytotherailwaystation._theymissedthetrain.anosurprisinglybnotsurprisingcnosurprisingdnotsurprisingly【解析】用副词surprisingly修饰整个句子，由句意知应用否定，故用副词not加以否定，notsurprisingly毫不奇怪。【答案】d,ericrunsinafterit，followedbyabigdog，walkingveryslowly.埃瑞克随后跑进来，后边跟着一条狗，狗走得很慢。followvt.跟随；遵从followonesadvice听从某人的劝告followonesinstructions听从某人的教导followtheexampleof.以为榜样springfollowswinter.冬去春来。,following可作形容词，与the连用表示“接着的”“其次的”“下列的”。inthefollowingyearinthenextyearintheyearthatfollows次年answerthefollowingquestions.回答下列问题。,9._myadviceandyouwillsucceed.afollowbfollowingctofollowdfollowedby【解析】考查句型，“祈使句and简单句”。【答案】a,.youwerentsupposedtocomehomeuntiltomorrow.你应当到明天才能到家里来。besupposedto是个固定词组，意思是“应该，有的义务”，相当于should。ithoughtweweresupposedtobepaidtoday.我以为我们今天会领到薪水呢。,supposevt.认为；猜想asshesnothere，isupposeshemusthavegonehome.她不在这儿，我猜想她已经回家了。scientistssupposedthatlargedinosaurslivedinswamps.科学家们认为大型恐龙栖居于沼泽地中。,suppose/supposing可以引导条件状语从句，相当于if的作用。supposing(that)youarewrong，whatwillyoudothen?假设你错了，那你会怎么办？,10.thetrainwas_toarriveat1130，butitwasanhourlate.aaboutblikelyccertaindsupposed【答案】d,touchedadj.情绪激动的touchingadj.令人同情的；感伤的；动人的touchbottom到最坏的境况；跌到谷底be/keepintouchwith与保持联系getintouchwith与取得联系beoutoftouch不联系，不接触,losetouchwith与失去联系howdidyougotintouchwithyoulostson?你怎样和失踪的儿子联系上的？另外，bend(bent，bent)v弯腰，屈身；(使)弯曲hebentdowntodouphisshoes.他俯身去系鞋带。dontbendoveryourdesk.不要趴在桌子上。,11.ithinkillgivebobaring.you_.youhaventbeenintouchwithhimforages.awillbmaychavetodshould【解析】分析答语为“你应该这样，你们很长时间没有联系了”，故选d项。【答案】d,whatdidyoudowiththemoneyweleft?我们剩余的钱你是怎么处理的？dealwith作“处理”解与dowith同义。但dealwith与how连用，dowith与what连用。howdoyoudealwiththesewastepaper？whatdoyoudowiththesewastepaper？你怎样处理这些废纸？,dealwith还作“解决”“控制”“涉及”解。whoisdealingwiththeaccount？谁在负责账目？dontworry；itsalreadybeendealtwith.别担心，问题已经解决了。,12.nowidontknowwhat_suchanimportantmatter.atodowithbtodealwithctobedonewithdtobedealtwith【解析】不定式的逻辑主语是i，用主动语态，引导词为what，答案为a。【答案】a,mom，dad，icanexplain.妈妈，爸爸，我可以解释explainvt.&vi.解释，说明explainsth.tosb.向某人解释某事first，illexplaintherulesofthegametoyou.首先，我要向你们说明一下游戏规则。,itwasdifficulttoexplaintheproblemtothebeginners.对初学者解释这个问题很难。sheexplainedtothemwhattodoinanemergency.她向他们说明了紧急情况下应采取的行动。,explanationnu，c解释，说明ihavenotimetolistentoyourexplanation.我没有时间听你解释。,13.theteachersaidhewould_nexttime.atoexplainusthetextbexplainusthetextcexplainthetexttousdtoexplainthetexttous【解析】explainsth.tosb.“向某人解释某事”。而would后面直接用动词原形而不用不定式。【答案】c,theroomisamess，withpizzaboxesontheflooranddirtydishesinthesink.房间一片狼藉，地上是比萨饼盒子，水槽中是脏兮兮的盘子。“with宾语宾补”构成复合结构，在句中作状语。thechildfeltfrightened，withnoonearoundhim.身边没有一个人，孩子感到很害怕。,with复合结构的构成形式：(1)with名词/代词介词短语theteachercameinwithabookinhishand.老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。(2)with名词/代词分词hestoodforawhilewithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。hesoonfellasleepwiththelightstillburning.他很快就开着灯睡着了。,(3)with名词/代词形容词sheoftensleepswiththewindowsopen.她经常开着窗子睡觉。(4)with名词/代词副词withmotheraway，thelittlegirlfeltlonely.妈妈走了，那小女孩感到很孤独。(5)with名词/代词不定式withnothingtodo，hesleptthewholeafternoon.因为没有事情做，他睡了一下午觉。,此结构也可作定语，放名词后。thecityliesinavalleywithhighmountainsallaroundit.那座城市位于群山环抱的山谷中。,14._nomoneyathand，hehadtowalkhome.aforbofcwithdwithout【解析】with复合结构作状语。without不合题意。【答案】c,listentomeyoungmanrememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?听我讲，年轻人还记得那一天我让你来负责吗？leavesb./sth.补足语让/使(外于某状态)incharge(of)负责/掌管illbeincharge(ofthewholefactory)whenmrblackisaway.布莱克先生不在期间，由我主管(全厂)。,in(under)thechargeof在的掌管之下thisprojectisinthechargeofmrsmith.这项工程由史密斯先生主管。,15.句子改错doyouknowwhoisinthechargeofoursafety?_【答案】去掉the,表达原因的句型：thisiswhy.这就是的原因。thisisthereasonwhyiwaslate.这就是我迟到的原因。thisisbecause.这是因为,hewaslateforschool.thisisbecausehisbicyclebrokedownonthewaytoschool.他上学迟到了，这是因为他的自行车在去上学的路上出了故障。thereasonisthat.原因是hedidntattendthemeetingtoday.thereasonisthathewasnotinformedof.他今天没来参加会议，原因是他没有接到通知。,16.the_oftheaccidentwasthefactthathewasdrivingtoofast.areasonbcausecreasonsdcauses【解析】cause“的起因”，且谓语动词为单数形式。【答案】b,thisisnotafamilywherebadbehaviorgoesunpunishedandyou.这个家可不是一个对不良行为听之任之的地方，而你,gounpunished意为“未被惩罚”，为系表结构。类似的结构还有：gounanswered未被答复，gounreported未被报道/报告，gounfinished未被完成。thequestiongoesunsettled.这个问题悬而未决。thepoliceareworriedthatmanycrimesgounreported.警方担心很多案件发生后没有报案。,go后面接形容词构成系表结构，多表示向不好的方向发展和变化，如：gobad变坏，变质；gowrong出故障；goblind变瞎，失明；gomad发疯；goredturnred变红；goangry生气；gowild疯狂；gohungry挨饿；gogrey变花白,17.onhearingthenewsofaccidentinthecoalmine，she_pale.agotbchangedcwentdappeared【解析】句意为“听到煤矿事故的消息，她的脸变得苍白”。get可作系动词，常表示由某种状态变到另一种状态的动态过程，不与bad，wrong，pale等词连用；change不可作系动词，不可选；appear看起来。【答案】c,stopshoutingatme.别对我大喊大叫了。shoutat对着大声喊，此处at表示“向，朝，以为目标”。heshoutedatme.他对我大喊大叫。(意味着“他对我发怒了”),shoutto对着大声喊叫heshoutedtome.他对我大声喊叫。(从远处同我交谈),18.imsorry.i_atyoutheotherday.forgetit.iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.ashouldntshoutbshouldnthaveshoutedcmustntshoutdmustnthaveshouted,【解析】句意为：“对不起，几天前我本不该朝你大喊大叫的”“不要记在心上，我自己有点情绪失控”。【答案】b,whyiseverythingalwaysmyfault?为什么总是我的过错？faultn缺点；毛病；过失。强调过失的责任或性格上的弱点。常用短语为：findfaultwithsb./sth.挑错，找岔。itsmyfaultthatwearelate.我们迟到了，责任在我。heisgoodatfindingfaultwithothers.他善于找别人的毛病。,mistake也作“错误”解，强调日常生活中判断和看法的错误。常见短语有：makeamistake犯错误bymistake弄错itwasamistakebuyingthatcar.买那辆车是个错误。hetookmypaperbymistake.他错拿了我的试卷。,19.becareful_.atonotmakethesamemistakebnottomakethesamemistakecnotfindingthesamefaultdfindingnotthesamefault【解析】不定式的否定形式为nottodo.。【答案】b,momanddadlookateachotheraslightsgoout.当灯光熄灭时，爸爸和妈妈互相看着对方。goout熄灭；(消息等)被广播；过时thefirehasgoneout.炉火熄灭了。thenewplaygoesoutnextfriday.这部新剧下周五播出。,goout为不及物动词短语，指“自行熄灭”。putout为及物动词短语，“扑灭、熄灭(灯火)”，后跟宾语，可用于被动语态。tellthechildrentoputoutthefire.告诉孩子们把火熄灭。,20.hey，thatdressismakingyou_inacrowdsoeveryonecanrecognizeyou.aturnoutbstandoutcgooutdbreakout【解析】考查短语辨析。turnout结果为；证明是；goout熄灭；breakout爆发；standout突出。【答案】b,ericsitsonhisbedlookingatdaniel，whohashisarmscrossed.埃瑞克坐在自己的床上，看着丹尼尔，丹尼尔在那儿叉着胳膊“havesth.done”是固定句型，其中have是使役动词，意为“使，让，令”。hehadhishaircutshortjustnow.刚才他让人把自己的头发剪短了。,“have/getsth.done”用法归纳：(1)表示“请/让/叫(别人为自己做某事)”的意思。ihadmytaprepaired.我请人修好了水龙头。(2)表示“遭遇某种(不幸的)事情”，说明宾语的一种无意识的受动行为，并不说明“谁使(宾语)遭遇某事”。shehadherhousedamagedinthestorm.她的房屋在风暴中遭到了破坏。,(3)表示“使完成某事”的意思，此事可以是别人完成的，也可以是自己参与完成的。shetoldmeshehadhadherhouserepaired.她告诉我，她的房屋修好了。(她可能参加了修建工作，也可能没参加。),21.mrsbrownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagain.aitrepairbitrepairedcrepaireddtoberepaired【解析】考查“havesth.done”结构。【答案】c,thentheywontbemadanymore.那时他们就不会再发神经了。not.anymore(anymore)不再iwontcomehereanymore.我再也不来这里了。,nomore与nolonger用法比较：(1)nomore/not.anymore用于指数量和程度“不再”。(2)nolonger/not.anylonger指动作不再延续或继续。iwontstayhereanylonger.我再也不待在这里了。另外，madadj.疯狂的,bemadabout.特别喜欢bemadwith/atsb.forsth.因某事对某人生气theyremadaboutfootball.他们狂迷足球。billwasmadatherforcheatinghim.比尔为她欺骗了他一事对她大动干戈。,22.thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe_hereanymore.ahasntlivedbdidntlivechadntlivedddoesntlive【解析】句意为：“这所房子属于我的姑姑，但她不再住在这儿了”。not.anymore为“不再”，指的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时。【答案】d,theydontdeservetoknowthetruth.他们不应当知道真相。deservevt.应受(奖赏)；应得；值得deservesth.值得deservetodosth.应当做某事deservedoingsth.hisarticledeservescarefulstudy.他的文章值得仔细研究。theydeservedtobesenttoprison.他们应该入狱。,deservewell/illofsb.应受到某人好的/坏的待遇shedeserveswellofheremployers.她应当受到雇主的善待。,23.单词拼写suchakindoldman_(值得)therespectfromallofus.【答案】deserves,doyouthinkweweretoohardondaniel?你认为我们是不是对丹尼尔要求太苛刻了？hardadj.严厉的，苛刻的。behardon/uponsb.是常用搭配。dontbetoohardonyourstudents.对你的学生不要太苛刻。,bestrictwithsb.对某人严格要求ourteacherisstrictwithusineverything.老师在各方面对我们都严格要求。,24.asateacher，yououghtto_yourstudents.ahardtobstrictincbehardondbestrictwith【解析】behardon多理解为贬义词。【答案】d,maybe，butnowthathehasbeensorudetous，ifeellikewehavetopunishhimorhewontrespectus.也许是吧，但是既然他对我们无礼，所以我觉得我们得惩罚他一下，要不然他不会尊重我们。,nowthat既然(引导原因状语从句)nowthatihavestarted，imustgoon.我既已开始，就必须继续下去。,nowthat，because，since，as与for用法比较：(1)nowthat是固定短语，意为“既然；由于”，引出原因状语从句，that可省略。(2)because“因为”，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。(3)since“既然”(可与nowthat互换)，侧重主句。(4)as“由于”，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。(5)for“因为”，并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首。,now(that)youaregrownup，youmuststopthischildishbehaviour.(since)既然已经长大，你必须停止这种幼稚的行为。hewasabsentfromthemeetingbecausehewasillyesterday.昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。,wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalking.穿上结实的鞋子，因为我们要走不少路。itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。,另外，punishvt.惩罚punishsb.forsth.因某事惩罚某人punishsb.with/by.以来惩罚某人punishmentnu，c惩罚，处罚theteacherpunishedhimforcheatingontheexam.老师因为他考试作弊惩罚了他。,25.翻译句子既然大家都已到齐了，我们就开会吧。_【答案】nowthat/sinceeveryoneishere，wecanbeginthemeeting.,wefeelyoushouldnothavedonethat.我们认为你本不应该那样做。should(not)havedone表示“本来(不)应该做而实际上没做(做了)”，含有责备或后悔的意味。youshouldhavecomeherefiveminutesago.5分钟前你就该来这儿了。youshouldnthavetoldhimaboutthis.你本来不应该告诉他这件事的。,neednthavedone本来没必要做(实际上做了)oughttohavedoneshouldhavedone本应该做oughtnttohavedoneshouldnthavedone本不应该做couldhavedone本来可以做(却