黑龙江省大庆市第十四中学九年级英语下册 单元复习之名词冠词数词课件 外研版.ppt

一、名词：,1.可数名词：,a/an+n单1+ns,不可数名词：,不加a/an,也不加s,一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数名词。,一张纸一个消息,apieceofpaper,apieceofnews,但是有的名词既可以做n可，也可做n不,n可：报纸/试卷n不：纸,paper,fish,n可：鱼n不：鱼肉,1)有些物质名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所变化。fruit水果-fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物-foods各种食品；fish鱼-fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料/酒-adrink一份饮料/一杯酒；cloth布-acloth桌布、抹布sand沙-sands沙滩,paper纸-apaper试卷、论文；wood木头-awood小森林；room空间、余地-aroom房间chicken鸡肉-achicken小鸡；orange橘汁-anorange橘子；glass玻璃-aglass玻璃杯，glasses眼镜tea茶-atea一杯茶；,2)有些抽象名词变为复数时，词义有所不同。good(好处，益处)-goods(货物)，custom(风俗)-customs(海关)，spirit(精神)-spirits(情绪)，manner(方式)-manners(礼貌)，cloth(布)-clothes(衣服)，content(内容)-contents(目录)，pain(疼痛)-pains(辛劳)，ruin(毁灭)-ruins(废墟，遗迹)，sand(沙子)-sands(沙地，沙滩)，wood(木材)-woods(树林)，work(工作)-works(工厂，著作),2.可数名词的单复数：,ns:,(1).(2).(3).(4).(5).,+s,以s,x,ch,sh+es,buses,boxes,watches,dishes等,-辅音字母+y,-f/fe,v+es,i+es,half,shelf,leaf,wolfknife,wife,life,不规则变化,tomotoes,potatoesheroes,roof-,roofs,monkey,s,名词复数不规则变化：,man-woman-,child-,children,mouse-,mice,foot-tooth-goose-,feet,teeth,men,women,(6).单复数相同：,sheep,fish,deer,japanese,chinese,etc.,(7).复合名词：,a/an+n单+n单-n单+ns,aboystudent-,boystudents,但是遇到man和woman全部变复数,awomandoctor-,womenteachers,geese,(8)有些名词总是以复数形式出现：,trousers,glasses,gloves,socks,stockings,shoes,shorts,chopsticks,scissorsect.,他们要表示单个数量时需要借助量词来表示：,一条裤子一副眼镜,apairoftrousers,apairofglasses,(9)表示复数概念：people,police,thepolice_(look)forthethiefnow.somepeople_(be)abroadtwice.,arelooking,havebeen,3.名词所有格：,(1)(2)(3)(4)(5),n单s,jimsbag,ns,thetwinsfather,如果是无生命的名词，要采用“of+名词”的方式表达。,双重所有格,afriendofmine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs,共同拥有分别拥有,lilyandlucyroomlilyandlucybags,s,s,s,(6).一些表示日期、时间、距离、国家名称的无生命名词，也可加“s”构成所有格。amonthstime一个月的时间todaysnewspaper今天的报纸beijingsspring北京的春天twentyminuteswalk二十分钟的路程thecitysparks城市公园(7).如果s后的名词是商店、住宅等地点时，后面的名词常常要省略。atthedoctors在诊所，在医务室tomyuncles到我叔叔家,4.名词的句法功能：p150,i.冠词a/an/the的用法：,1.不定冠词：a/an,(1)第一次出现,(2)泛指单一、每一、任一事物,a+辅音开头的单词an+元音开头的单词,_one-month-oldbaby_h_8-year-oldboy_a_usefulbook_y_u_s,a,an,a,a,an,an,a,an,2.定冠词：the,(1)第二次或多次出现时；,(2)世界上独一无二的东西前；,theearth/sun/moon/universe/world,(3)the+-est，即the+形容词最高级,(4)the+序数词,(5)乐器前:playthepiano/violin,(6)一家人:thegreens=thegreenfamily=greensfamily,张家,thezhangs=thezhangfamily,(7)the+形容词：表示一类人therich/poortheyoung/old,(8)双方均知道的人或事物:wheresthebook?itsinthedesk.,(9)特指：the+名词+介词词组,thebookisonthedesk.thebookonthedeskismine.,whereisthebook?,whichbookismine?,用which+名词,(10)专有名词：thegreatwall,theusa/theuk,3.零冠词：即不用冠词,n不、ns:表示泛指时，不用冠词。,(1)球类运动前：playbasketball/volleyball,(2)棋牌类活动前：playchess/cards,(3)三餐饭前：havebreakfast/lunch/supper,havesth.forbreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner,(4)by+交通工具：bybus/boat/plane/train,onfoot,(5)atschool/atwork/athome,(6)年/月/季节/星期前不加冠词in1980/indecember/inspringonmonday,(7)beill/sickinhospital/bed,(8)人名、地名前：lily,shanghai,(9)学科前：english,science,maths,chinese,(13)固定词组：,watchtv,atnight,intown,(10)有物主代词时不用定冠词the;,(11)抽象名词、物质名词前不加,failureisthemotherofsuccess.,silk/cotton等,(12)称呼/官衔/职位前不加冠词,ii.数词：numbers,1.三位一读法：3，333，333，333,thousand,million,billion,2.百and十3.十-个,onethousand,twohundredandsixty-five,1,265,4,087698,324,7452,301,852123,456,789,258,基数词the+序数词(-th),1.one-firsttwo-secondthree-third,2.five-fifthtwelve-twelfth,3.nine-ninth,4.整十:-ty-tiethtwenty-twentieth,inrowone=inthefirstrow,5.21:twenty-one-,twenty-first,一些数字的读法：,1.年：二位一读法19952000,nineteenninety-five,twothousand/twentyhundred,2.公交车:,bus(no.)11=theno.11bus,3.房间：305房间,roomthreeofive,4.年代：20世纪70年代,inthe1970s,5.几十岁时：,inhisforties.,6.分数基数词(1)/序数词(+s),四分之一：四分之三：,one/afourth=onequarter,threefourths=threequarters,9.小数点：point,1.42.39,onepointfour,twopointthreenine,11.时间：,整点：30：30:,数字+oclock,halfpast+数字,分钟+past+几点,(60-分钟)+to+(几点+1),几点差几分,一刻钟aquarter,10.岁数:数字+year(s)old,7.次数：划线提问：,howm