高教社高职高专英语Book3-Unit5

,HowDoestheStockExchangeWork?,-Unit5-,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,1.IntroductoryRemarks2.BackgroundRemarks3.ComprehensiveFocus,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,1.Checkyourunderstanding2.Buildupyourlanguagestock3.GrammarFocus4.MerryLearning,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Thispassagegivesusabriefaccountofhowtoinvestmoneyinthestockmarket.Ifyouarelucky,youcanmakemoney,eitherbygainingthedividendfromthesharesyouveboughtorbysellingthesharesyouholdwhenthepricegoesup.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Ofcourse,theunluckyshareholdersmightlosetheirmoney.Therefore,attheveryendofthispassage,theauthorwarnsthereadersthatitreallyisagambletoinvestmoneyinthestockmarket.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,WallStreetInthedowntownsectionofNewYorkisWallStreet-thefinancialdistrictofthecity.Hereisthewell-knownStockExchange,wherestocksofthecountryslargestcorporationsareboughtandsold.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Itissaidthatover90percentofthestocksboughtorsoldintheUSarehandledintheWallStreetarea.WallStreetisnotonlythefinancialdistrictofNewYork,butalsothefinancialcenterofthewholenation,andprobably,theleadingcenteroffinanceintheworld.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,SharesofstockSharesrepresentapartialownershipofthecompany.Inotherwords,ifyoubuysharesofstockinabusiness,youbecomeapartialownerofthebusiness.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,HowtobuystocksItisnotverylikelythatyouwouldpersonallyknowsomeonewhohappenstoownsharesinthecompanyinwhichyouwishtoinvest.Hence,youwillprobablygotoastockbroker-amanwhobuysandsellsstockforother,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,people.He,inturn,willgotoastockmarket-aplacewherestocksareboughtandsold.Therehewillinquireofotherbrokersiftheyknowofanyonewhowouldliketosellthestockthatyouwanttopurchase.Usuallytherewillbe,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,somesuchpersons.Inthatevent,yourbrokerwillarrangetobuythestockforyouandthenbillyounotonlyfortheamounthehaspaid,butalsoasmalladditionalfeetocoverthecostofhisservices.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Stockandstockexchange,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,TheStockbrokerManydifferentkindsofpeoplebuysharesofstockinthestockmarket.Peoplewhobuysharesofstockinacompanymaymakemoneyintwoways.Theymaybegintomakemoneyright,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,away.Supposethatapersoninvestsinacompany,andthecompanymakesmoney.Thecompanysharesthismoneywiththeinvestor.Thismoneythatissharediscalledadividend.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Dividendsareusuallysenttoinvestorsonceeverythreemonthswhiletheyownthestock.Asecondwaythatinvestorsmaymakemoneyistosellthestockatahigherpricethanthepricetheypaidwhentheyboughtit.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Thepriceofeachshareofstockgoesupifthecompanydoesverywell.Itmayalsogoupformanyotherreasons.Butwhenitdoesgoup,apersonmaysellitandmakeaprofit.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Hereisanexampleofhowthisprocessworks.Mr.andMrs.Smithwanttoinvestinthestockmarket.Theyhave$1000toinvest.Theytalktoapersonwhocanhelpthemtobuyagoodstock.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Thispersoniscalledastockbroker.Thebrokerislicensedtobuyandsellstockonthestockmarket.ThebrokertellsMr.andMrs.SmithabouttheWardPencilCompany.Thiscompanyismakingalotofmoneybymanufacturingpencils.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Itissellingsharesofstockinorderthatitcangetmoneytoexpand.Thesharescost$5each.TheSmithsdecidetobuy100sharesofstockintheWardPencilCompany.Thebrokerfillsthisorder,andtheSmithsownthese100shares.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Inthreemonths,theWardPencilCompanyissuesadividendof$1pershare.TheSmithshave100shares,sotheygeta$100dividend.Inoneyear,thecompanyexpands.Thecompanysellsmanymorepencils.Thepriceofthe,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,stockgoesupto$6foreachshare.Mr.andMrs.SmithdecidetoselltheirstockintheWardPencilCompanyat$6ashare.Theygetback$600,plusallofthemoneytheyhavereceivedindividends.Thisisaverygoodinvestment.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Theprocessofinvestingmoneyinthestockmarketissomewhatmorecomplexthanthis.Butforeveryonewhowantstoinvestmoneyinthemarket,theprocessisbasicallythesame.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Almostallstockmarketsworkthesameway.Ineachcountry,ofcourse,therearespeciallawsforthestockmarket,tomakesurethateveryonehasafairchancetomakemoneybyinvesting.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Investingmoneyinthestockmarketisagamble.Everyonehopestomakemoneybyinvesting.Companiesthatneedmoneyaregladthatmanypeoplearewillingtogambleinordertomakemoney.Thestockmarketisaveryinterestingandcomplexpartofthebusinessworld.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.,_1.Peoplebuyandsellsharesofstockthroughstockbrokers._2.Thereareusuallymanywaysforpeopletobuysharesofstocktomakemoney.,1,T,F,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,_3.Itisimpossibleforstockinvestorstomakemoneyrightaway._4.Themoneythecompanymakesiscalledadividend._5.Stockinvestorsreceivethedividendonceeverymonth.,F,F,F,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,_6.Iftheysellthesharesofstockatahigherpricethantheypaid,theinvestorswillmakemoney._7.Althoughtheprocessofinvest-ingmoneyiscomplex,itworksnearlythesamewayasdescribedinthepassage._8.Everycountryhasitsspeciallawsforthestockmarketinordertoprotectinvestorsfromlosingmoney.,T,T,F,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.,Inwhatwaycanstockinvestorsmakemoneyaccordingtothepassage?_,2,Therearetwoways:oneistomakemoneyrightaway,theotheristosellthestockatahigherpricethanthestockinvestorspaidwhentheyboughtit.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,2.Whatisadividend?_,Themoneythatissharedamongtheinvestors.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,3.Whatwillhappentothepriceofeachshareofstockifthecompanydoeswell?_,Thepriceofeachshareofstockwillgoup.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,4.Whatisastockbroker?_,Thepersonwhoislicensedtobuyandsellstockonthestockmarket.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,5.Whydoeseverycountryhaveitsspeciallawsforthestockmarket?_,Becausetheywanttomakesurethateveryonehasafairchancetomakemoneybyinvesting.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,6.Whyaremanypeoplewillingtogambleinthestockmarket?_,Theywanttomakemoney.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Fillintheblankswiththesuitablewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformifnecessary.,3,issuesharelicenseexpandowncomplexmanufacturewilling,1.Lifeisgettingmore_anddifficult.Theindustryofthisareaisrapidly_.,complex,expanding,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Therestaurantis_forthesaleofwine.Ragsare_intopaper.Sheis_topaythepriceheasked.,licensed,manufactured,willing,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Hedoesntliketo_thehotelbedroomwithastranger.Eachstudentwas_withseveraltextbooks.Mr.Wang_somesharesofthecompany.,share,issued,owns,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontotheunderlinedwordsandexpressions.,Ibelievethatwhathesaidistrue,butyoudbettermakesure._Astockholderisdifferentfromastockbroker._,4,我相信他所说的是真的，但你最好确认一下。,持股者与股票经纪人不同。,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Hemadeaprofitoftendollarsonthebookhesold._Pricessometimesgoupandsome-timesgodown._,他售书赚了10元钱。,价格有时上扬有时下降。,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Shewassomewhatencouragedbywhatyousaid._Threeplusthreeequalssix._,你的话对她有点鼓励。,3加3等于6。,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Translatethefollowingphrasesorexpressions.,sharesofstock_filltheorder_issueadividend_businessworld_,5,股票,填单,发放红利(股息),商业世界,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,确认_股票经纪人_拥有股份_专门的法律_,makesure,stockbroker,ownshares,speciallaw,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthegivenwordsandexpressions.,他将对一家新公司投资。(investin)_这些进口的玻璃杯售价很高。(atahighprice)_,6,Hewillinvestinanewcompany.,Theseimportedglassesaresoldatahighprice.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,这篇课文比我们想象的还要复杂。(more.than.)_这家公司准备发行股票。(issue)_,ThetextismorecomplexthanIimagined.,Thiscompanyisreadytoissuesharesofstock.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,人们买股票是为了赚钱。(sharesofstock)_这个地方不准停车。(license)_,Peoplebuysharesinordertomakemoney.,Thisplaceisnotlicensedforparking.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,AdverbialClausesofTime,Space,ConditionandConcession(时间、地点、条件和让步状语从句),BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或者是整个句子，表示时间、条件、方式、比较、结果、让步、目的和地点等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，有时也可以由起连词作用的词组引导。,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,时间状语从句通常用“when,while,assoonas,as等从属连词引导。地点状语从句通常用“where,wherever等从属连词引导。,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,条件状语从句通常用“if,incase(万一),aslongas等从属连词引导。让步状语从句通常用“though,evenif,although等从属连词引导。,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Examples:Iwillletyouknowassoonasitisarranged.一等安排好，我就通知你。(时间状语从句)WhenJohnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.约翰来的时候，我在做午饭。(时间状语从句),BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Throughtheselongpowerlines,electricitygoeswhereitisneeded.电流通过这些高压线通到需要它的地方去。(地点状语从句)Whereveryouwork,youmustalwaysservethepeopleheartandsoul.不论你在哪里工作，你都必须全心全意为人民服务。(地点状语从句),BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.万一有什么困难，请给我们一个信。(条件状语从句)Ifitrains,thematchwillbecancelled.如果下雨，比赛将会取消。(条件状语从句),BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Wemustfinishtheworkintimethoughweareshortofmanpower.虽然我们缺少人力，我们还是要按时完成这项工作。(让步状语从句)Youmustnotbeconceitedevenifyouveachievedgreatsuccess.即使你取得了很大的成绩也不能自满。(让步状语从句),BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,1IdentifytheadverbialclausesinthefollowingsentencesandtranslatethemintoChinese.,Whenweheardthenews,wewereveryhappy._Thoughairislight,ithasweight._,听到这个消息，我们很高兴。(时间状语从句),虽然空气很轻，却有重量。(让步状语从句),BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Whenweturnonanelectricswitch,thelightgoeson._Aslongasyoutry,youwillsucceed._,当我们合上开关，灯就会亮。(时间状语从句),只要你努力，你就会成功。(让步状语从句),BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutintheworkshop._Althoughhewastall,hecouldntreachtheapple._,如果他不在办公室，他一定在车间。(条件状语从句),虽然他个子很高，但他却够不到苹果。(让步状语从句),BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimselfathome._Itisdifficulttolivewherethereisnowater._,无论约翰到那儿，他都能无拘无束。(让步状语从句),没有水就很难生存。(地点状语从句),BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,2TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.,1.直至再三思考了这个问题，他才发言。_孩子们一边唱歌，一边跳舞。_,Hedidnotspeakuntilhethoughtitover.,Thechildrenweresingingwhiletheyweredancing.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,无论你说什么，我决不会同意你的看法。_虽然他60多岁，但是他仍然坚持冬泳。_,Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwontagreewithyou.,Althoughheisover60,hekeepsgoingswimminginwinter.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,除非下苦功夫，否则他是不会成功的。_他走到哪儿，就把照相机带到哪儿。_,Unlessheworkshard,hewontbesuccessful.,Hecarriesthecamerawithhimwhereverhegoes.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,自从他出国以后，中国发生了很大变化。_哪儿有垃圾，哪儿就有苍蝇。_,GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasinceheleftthecountry.,Wherethereisrubbish,thereareflies.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Supposethatapersoninvestsinacompany,andthecompanymakesmoney.,ThesentenceisacomplexoneinwhichSuppose,beinganimperativeclause,formsthemainclauseandtakesathat-objectclause.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Themeaningofthesentenceis:Letsimaginewhatwillhappenifapersonbuysstocksofacertaincompanythatearnsmuchmoney.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Thecompanysharesthismoneywiththeinvestor.,Thecompanythatearnsmoneyusuallydistributespartsofthemoneyearnedamongthosewhohaveboughtitsstocksandhavethusbecomeitspartialshareholders.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Thismoneythatissharediscalleddividend.,Theworddividendisdefinedasthepartoftheprofitmadebyabusiness,andwillbedividedamongthosewhoownsharesofthebusiness.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,thatissharedisaattributiveclausemodifyingthenounmoney.Themeaningofthesentenceis:Themoneythatisdistributedamongtheinvestorsiscalleddividend.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Dividendsareusuallysenttoinvestorsonceeverythreemonthswhiletheyownthestock.,Theadverbialclausewhiletheyownstockactuallymeansduringtheperiodwhentheyownthestock.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,onceeverythreemonths:onceeverymeansonetimeevery.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,e.g.onceeveryday;onceeverytwoweeks.Sometreesbearfruitsonlyonceeverytwenty-fiveyears.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Themeaningofthesentenceis:Thecompanyusuallysendsthedividendsonceeverythreemonthstothosewhoowntheirstocks.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Asecondwaythatinvestorsmaymakemoneyistosellthestockatahigherpricethanthepricetheypaidwhentheyboughtit.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Asecondwayistosellthestock.isthemainclauseofthesentence,whilethatinvestorsmaymakemoneyisaattributiveclausemodifyingthenounway(thatcanbereplacedwithinwhich),andatahigherpricethan.isanadverbialofmanner,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,modifyingtheverbsell.Thelastpartofthesentencetheypaid(whentheyboughtit)makeupaattributiveclauseinwhichthatisomitted,modifyingthenounprice,andwhentheyboughtitisanadverbialclausedenotingthetimeofpayment.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Themeaningofthesentenceis:Asecondwayfortheinvestorstomakemoneyistosellthestockwhenitspriceishigherthantheoriginalpriceatwhichtheyboughtit.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Thepriceofeachshareofstockgoesupifthecompanydoesverywell.,Heredoesverywellmeansperformswellormakesmoney.Themeaningofthesentenceis:Ifthecompanyrunsverywell,thepriceofthestocksinthatcompanywillkeeprising.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Butwhenitdoesgoup,apersonmaysellitandmakeaprofit.,Do,does,ordidisoftenusedbeforeanotionalverbforemphasis.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,e.g.Youdolooknicetoday.Dobecareful.Ididtellyouaboutit,butyouhaveforgotten.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Themeaningofthesentenceis:Apersonwhoownssomesharesofacompanyislikelytomakemoneybysellingthemwhenthepriceofthesharesrises.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Hereisanexampleofhowthisprocessworks.,Weoftenusethestructureanoun+of+wh-wordclause.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,e.g.adescriptionofwhattheclocklookslikeanexplanationofwhyshelikesred,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Themeaningofthesentenceis:Letsnowillustratewiththehelpofanexamplehowthisprocessgoeson.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Itissellingsharesofstockinorderthatitcangetmoneytoexpand.,ThesubjectitreferstotheWardPencilCompany.Inorderthatintroducesafiniteclausewhileinordertotakesaninfinitiveclause,bothservingasadverbsofpurpose.Toexpandimpliestofurtherdevelopthebusiness.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,e.g.Theywilldoanythinginordertomakemoney.Youwillneedtostudyformanyyearsinorderthatyoumaybecomeabrainsurgeon.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Themeaningofthesentenceis:Thecompanycansellmoreofitssharesofstocktoraisemoneyforproductiononanexpandedscale.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Theygetback$600,plusallthemoneytheyhavereceivedindividends.,Thewordplusisusedasapreposition,meaningwiththeadditionof.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,e.g.Thecostisapoundplus10penceforpostage.Thisworkneedsexperiencepluscare.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Insum,theSmithsgetback$700,whichiscomposedofacapital(本金)of$500,aprofitof$100aftertheyselltheirsharesat$6ashare,andadividendof$100.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Theprocessofinvestingmoneyinthestockmarketissomewhatmorecomplexthanthis.,Thelastwordthisinthesentencereferstotheprocessofinvestingmoneyintheimaginarymarketmentionedabove.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Themeaningofthesentenceis:Theprocessofinvestingmoneyintherealstockmarketismuchmorecomplicatedthanintheprocessmentionedabove.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Almostallstockmarketsworkthesameway.,Moreoftenthannot,weusethestructurethesamewayinsteadofinthesameway.Inotherwords,inisoftenomitted.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,e.g.Doit(in)thisway,please.Heusedtospelltheword(in)thewayshedid.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Ineachcountry,ofcourse,therearespeciallawsforthestockmarket,tomakesurethateveryonehasafairchancetomakemoneybyinvesting.,BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuit,Theinfinitiveclausetomakesure.isanadverbia