万圣节介绍.ppt.ppt

whatsfestivalthisday？,万圣节的起源万圣节词汇万圣节名字的组成万圣节的习俗万圣节南瓜灯万圣节必备品,halloween万圣节,万圣节英语词汇总结：万圣节：halloween南瓜：pumpkin糖果：candy妖精：goblin蝙蝠mask骨架bat骨头：boneshalloweencostume万圣节服装skeleton女巫：witch扫帚：broom不招待，就使坏：trickortread,返回,在2000多年前的爱尔兰地区及法国北部，住着一群凯尔特人，而万圣节就是起源于古塞尔特人的一个叫做samhain的节庆。,halloweensoriginsdatebacktotheancientcelticfestivalofsamhain(pronouncedsow-in).thecelticpeopleslivedover2,000yearsagointheareathatisnowireland,theunitedkingdom,andnorthernfrance.,forthecelticpeoples,thenewyearwascelebratedonnovember1stofeveryyear.thisdatemarkedtheendofsummerandthebeginningofwinter.,forthecelticpeoples,thenewyearwascelebratedonnovember1stofeveryyear.thisdatemarkedtheendofsummerandthebeginningofwinter.thistimeofyearwasoftenassociatedwithhumandeath.,凯尔特人选在每年11月1日庆祝新年，正值夏天结束，冬天刚开始的时节多半让人联想到黑暗的死亡。,theceltsbelievedthatonthenightbeforethenewyear,theboundarybetweentheworldsofthelivingandthedeadbecameblurredasthedeadsearchedfortheafterlife.thus,onthenightofoctober31st,theycelebratedsamhain,whenitwasbelievedthattheghostsofthedeadreturnedtoearthtocausemischiefandtrouble.,凯尔特人相信在新年的前一晚，阴间和阳间的大门不再门禁森严，此时阴间的鬼魂会趁机跑出来，为阳间的人们带来厄运。所以，在十月三十一日晚上，凯尔特人会庆祝samhain这个节日，以趋魔避邪。,返回,evenlater,ina.d.1000,thechristianchurchmadenovember2ndallsoulsday,adaytohonorthedead.itwascelebratedwithbigbonfires,parades,anddressingupincostumesassaints,angels,anddevils.together,thethreecelebrations,allhallowseve,allsaintsdayandallsoulsday,werecalledhallowmas.公元一千年左右，基督教订定十一月二日为allsoulsday(万灵节)来纪念所有的死去的灵魂。借着大型营火，游行和变装打扮成圣人，天使或恶灵的方式来庆祝。综合这三个节日allhallowseve(万圣节前夕)，allsaintsday(万圣节)和allsoulsday(万灵节)，就叫做hallowmas.,返回,traditionsofhalloween,许多关于halloween(万圣节)习俗，包括变装打扮，不给糖就捣蛋的游戏，咬苹果的游戏，刻番瓜灯笼，和点燃大营火等习俗，都可以追溯到凯尔特人samhain节，或是hallowmas这些节日。,manyofthetraditionsassociatedwithhalloweencanbetracedbacktotheancientfestivalsofsamhainandhallowmas.traditionsincludecostuming,trick-or-treating,bobbingforapples,pumpkincarving,andthelightingofbonfires.,themoderndaycustomoftrick-or-treatingoriginatedfromtheveryoldcustomof“going-a-souling”orbeggingforsoulcakes.soulcakeswerebakedgoodsofferedtosoulsofthedeparted.thechristianchurchencouragedthepracticeoftheneedygoingfromhometohomegatheringfood(going-a-souling)atharvesttime.prayersfortherecentlydeceasedfromtheneedywereexchangedwiththegivingfamily.,不给糖就捣蛋的游戏起源于要灵魂饼干的习俗，所谓的灵魂饼干就是将烤好的饼干祭祀过世的人。后来，基督教会鼓励贫穷的人在收获的季节里挨家挨户地乞求食物，若是得到食物，这些穷人就会帮这家庭中过世的人祈祷以谢谢他们。,而穷人们对那些吝啬不给食物的人通常会以恶作剧来惩罚他们，或是诅咒他们下一年都会厄运缠身。大部分人都认为不给糖就捣蛋是起源于恶作剧之夜和要灵魂饼干(going-a-souling)的习俗。,thosenotofferinggoodswereusuallypunishedwithatrickonhalloweennightorhexedwithmisfortuneforthenextyear.theterm“trick-or-treat”isthoughttohavefirstoriginatedinbritainwherehalloweenwasknownas“mischiefnight”andthepracticeof“going-a-souling”wascommon.,返回,pumpkincarving,carvedpumpkinsaretraditionallyknownas“jack-o-lanterns.”traditionally,thejack-o-lanternwascarvedfromaturnip,potato,orbeetandlitwithaburningcandle.theselanternsrepresentedthesoulsofdepartedlovedonesandwereplacedinwindowsorsetonporchestowelcomethedeceased.theyalsoservedasprotectionfromevilspiritsfreedfromthedeadonhalloweennight.innorthamerica,turnips,potatoes,andbeetswerenotasreadilyavailable,sothepumpkinwasusedandfoundtobeasuitablereplacement.,众人皆知的杰克番瓜灯是刻在番瓜上，但人们一开始是在萝卜，马铃薯或甜菜上刻灯笼，然后挖空并点燃蜡烛在里面，形成灯笼。这些灯笼代表着过世的亲友，并被放置在窗边或门廊上，以欢迎他们回来。他们也被视为可趋魔避邪的象征。在北美洲，萝卜，马铃薯和甜菜很罕见，因此常见的番瓜就成了非常适合的代替品。,返回,allkindsofcostume,返回,becausebatsonlyflyatnightandliveintombs,caves,andabandonedchurchesandbuildings,theyarebelievedtobeomensofevil.theyarecommonlyassociatedwithwitchesandvampires.itissuperstitionthatwitchesandvampirescantaketheformofabat.sincethevampirebatistheonlymammalthatfeedsonblood,theyareoftenlinkedtodeathandoccultrituals.,bats,蝙蝠是其中一项，因为蝙蝠只住在坟墓，洞穴和废弃的教堂或建筑物中，又因为蝙蝠常令人联想到女巫或吸血鬼，因此他们被视为邪恶的象征。在传说中，女巫和吸血鬼可以化身成蝙蝠，又因为吸血蝙蝠是唯一一种饮血维生的哺乳类动物，因此蝙蝠常让人联想到死亡或邪恶的仪式。,witches,witcheswerethoughttobetellersoffortuneandtocastspells,bothgoodandbad.thisfrightenedmanybecauseitwasbelievedthatthesepowerswerestrongestonhalloweennight.theimageofawitchhasgreatlychangedoverthecenturies.oncethoughtofasold,wrinkled,greenskinnedhags,manypeopleassociatewitchcrafttoeitherevilorasbeingwise.,女巫因为会算命又会下好咒语和坏咒语，人们相信女巫们的能力在10月31日这天会最强，所以让很多人很害怕她们。几世纪以来，女巫的形象改变许多，以前人们认为，女巫都是绿皮肤，长的很老，脸上布满皱纹。现在则很多人认为女巫的能力可以是邪恶或具有智慧的。,owls,superstitionssuggestthatowlsatethesoulsofthedyingbyswoopingtoearth.owlsscreechesandtheirglassystareareanomenofdeathanddisaster.theowlisrarelyseenduringthedayandisassociatedwithnightbehaviors.传说中，猫头鹰会从天空俯冲下来吃掉人的灵魂。猫头鹰的叫声和眼神让人联想到死亡和灾难。再者，猫头鹰很少在白天出现，也都让人不得不认为他们是属于黑暗和恐怖。,blackcats,cats,forcenturies,havebeenconsideredtobespiritualanimalsthathavetheabilitytosensegoodandbadspirits.westernsuperstitionsdetailthatblackcatsareabletorepresentspiritsorincarnatedhumans,therebylinkingthemtowitchcraft.blackisalsothecolormostcommonlyassociatedwithevil.从几世纪前，人们就认为猫是一种有灵性的动物，它们能感应到好或坏的灵魂。西方的传说里，有一种说法，黑猫是灵魂的化身。此外，黑色也是邪恶象征。,ghosts&skeletons,ghostsareuniversalsymbolsforthedeparted.skeletonsandbonesaresymbolsofdeathandshortnessoflife.sincehalloweensoriginslieasthefestivalofthedead,itseemsonlyfittingthatghostsandskeletonswouldbeused.,鬼魂是公认的死亡象征骷髅象征死亡和短暂的生命。既然万圣