初中英语阅读理解讲解PPT课件

初中阅读理解做题技巧,1,-,阅读材料,题材：故事，寓言，人物，科普，政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文，新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、书信，图画，表格等,2,-,学生素质,阅读速度理解程度思维能力综合文化素质,3,-,具体考查的内容,理解具体信息推测生词词义理解概念性含义判断、推理和引申理解主旨要义理解结构，句段关系理解作者意图,4,-,解题步骤,一、快速阅读，读懂大意二、明确要求，逐一解答三、重读问题，理解问题四、带着问题，重读文章五、复读全文，最后把关,5,-,题型大聚会,1.推理题2.词汇题3.主旨题4.态度观点题5.代指题,6,-,解题技巧碰碰碰,7,-,（一）推理题及解题技巧,推理题：数字推理知识推断逻辑推理细节推断考查理清上下逻辑关系的能力（最难）。,8,-,考查学生,判断、推理和引申理解作者的意图、观点或态度常用逻辑词:“infer,conclude,imply,suggest”等。,9,-,技巧,1.吃：吃透意思2.捕：捕捉线索3.挖：挖掘加工4.握：把握关系5.摸：揣摸作者,10,-,1.知识推断题,知识推断：根据细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。,11,-,实例Tokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（蓝宝石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butitsdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apolicesaid.Thejewelswasbeingshownin_.A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseum,C,12,-,2.逻辑结论推断题,逻辑结论：指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文章的内涵。,13,-,实例,Myfatherhaslittletimeforfilms.Butonedayashefinishedhiswork,hefoundafilmticketundertheglassonthedesk.Hewenttothecinemaquickly.Whenhewasseated,awomancametomyfatherandsaidtheseatwashers.TheybothtookouttheirticketsandfoundtheseatshownonthemwasRow8,Seat16.Afterlookingattheticketmorecarefully,myfathersaid,“Sorry,itsnottodaysticket.”Fromthispassagewecanknowthatthewritersfatherwas_.,careless,14,-,3.细节推断,为了阐明主题，作者将陈述一些事实来支持主题，如what,who,where,when,等，即“supportingdetails”。,15,-,实例,Whenthebellwasringing.Theboyscameintotheroom.Eachonehadabatoraball.Allhadredfaces.Theyweregladtogetintotheirseats.Theteachersaiditwastimetogetbacktowork.Whichofthefollowingsentenceisprobablytrue?A.Theclasswasover.B.Theboyshadjustcomebackfromplaying.C.Theteachertoldtheboystowork.,B,16,-,常见的推理判断题题干,Accordingtothepassage，what/whichis“”?Whichofthefollowingstatementis(not)true/correct/mentioned/listed/included?Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrue/correct/mentionedexcept?,17,-,（二）词汇题及解题技巧,测试学生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。标志是Theunderlinedword“”inlinerefersto,18,-,技巧,返回原文，找到该句子结合上下文，理解该词意思重点抓字面含义，不要进行归纳，演绎，推理选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同，只是用其他词汇表达超纲词汇不是正确答案正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后,19,-,1.通过因果关系猜词,借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等),Youshouldnthaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasnthisfault.,猜词题实例,20,-,2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词,1)同义词and或or连接的词组e.g.happyandgay解释过程中使用的同义词e.g.ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars,andJupiter.,21,-,2)反义词,表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等,与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,Heissohomely，notashandsomeashisbrother.,22,-,3.通过构词法猜词,1).前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。,2).后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。,3).后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，science、scientist，art、artist等。,23,-,4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义,Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.,24,-,5.通过句法功能来推测词义,Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.,25,-,6.通过描述猜词,ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.,26,-,（三）主旨题及解题技巧,主旨要义整体理解概括能力标志词有：“mainlyabout；mainlydiscuss；besttitle”等。,27,-,技巧,注意首段和各段第一句话,将其含义连接成一个整体小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案,28,-,常见提问：,1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?2.Whatistheauthorsmainpoint?3.Whatisthesubjectofthispassage?4.Themainpurposeofthepassage?5.Thetitleofthispassagewouldbe_.,29,-,实例,Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletoexplainaweathermapexactly.Weatherconditionisahugeamountofinformationaboutconditionatatimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyshowinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherOfficegivesoutinformationaboutcomingstorms,floods,freeze,dryness,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitgivesouta30-day“out-look”whichisabasicguidetoweatherconditionslikelytohappenallovertheUnitedStates.,30,-,Question：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Weathermapsareveryimportanttostudentsofgeography.B.Weathermapscanhavea30-day“outlook”.C.Studentsofgeographyshouldbeabletomakeweathermapsexactly.D.Thosewhomajoringeographyshouldhavetheabilitytohaveagoodunderstandingofaweathermap.,31,-,关键-主题句,主题句：凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子。三个特点：（1）总领性强，概括性强（2）结构简单，不用难句（3）其他句子解释、支撑或扩展主题句，起服从、论证、补充的作用,32,-,实例,JoshnaBinghamstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HechangedtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchoolandlater,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyabusinesslawyerinMiami,Florida.从以上这个段落，我们发现没有一个句子可以单独陈述该段落的主题，那么，作者写这个段落的目的是什么呢？通过仔细阅读和理解每个句子的意思之后，我们便可领悟，作者想告诉读者的是：JoshnaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.所以说这种文章（或段落）只能从文章的字里行间去理解作者的意图，这样才能推断出文章的主旨大意。,33,-,（四）态度观点题及解题技巧,理解作者的意图,观点或态度的能力。标志词:attitude,purpose等。,34,-,技巧,态度词:Opposition反对，suspicion怀疑的，Approval支持，Optimistic乐观的，subjective主观的