定语从句超详细讲解与练习

定语从句定语从句的构成：两个简单句： A man is standing there. The man is my brother.= 主从复合句：The man who is standing there is my brother. _ _先行词：行，走路的意思。先行词就是放在从句前面的词，但是本身为定语从句中的一部分。所以先行词在从句中作什么成分从句中就用什么样的引导词。关系词：代替先行词承担从句中的句子成分，放在句首引导从句，所以也叫引导词。 1.关系代词：在从句里代替先行词充当_、_、_关系词的种类： 2.关系副词：在从句里代替先行词充当_关系词的作用： 代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分 把两个句子连起来一、关系代词： 先行词人物人物主语who/thatwhich/thatthat宾语who/ whom/thatwhich/thatthat定语whosewhose/ofwhich表语that注意：、当先行词在从句中作宾语的时候可以省略引导词把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句1.He wants to see the man. + The man is in Shanghai._2.I have a sister. + She works in Hebei._ 3. This is the man. The police are looking for the man._ 4.Do you know the girl? + Her mother works here. _5.I live in a room. + Its door faces south._先行词做宾语时who与whom的区别一般情况下不进行区分，除非是紧跟在介词之后 1.This is the man. The police are looking for him.This is the man (who/whom/that ) the police are looking for.【who/whom/that可以省略】其中介词for可以提前This is the man for whom the police are looking.介词在引导词前面只能用whom, 而且不能省略，因为介词之后只能接宾格注：that不能放在介词之后2. John is the driver. We talked about him.John is the driver _ we talked about.John is the driver about _ we talked.二、关系副词：先行词物地点状语where时间状语when原因状语why/forwhich把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句This is the house. + I was born in the house._对比：This is the house. The house was built 10 years ago._总结：_We will never forget the day. + We will hold the Olympic Games on the day._对比：I will never forget the day . I spent the day with you last year._总结：_I dont know the reason. + He left here for the reason._I dont know the reason. He has told others the reason._总结：_介词加which可以等于when、where或whyThis was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in the war.This was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in _._It is the largest farm in my hometown. A monument stands on the farm.It is the largest farm in my hometown. A monument stands on_._The police soon arrived at the scene(现场). There was a man lying at the scene.The police soon arrived at the scene(现场). There was a man lying at _._总结：where=介词+which，介词是由_ 所决定的。February is a month. There are usually 28 days in a month.February is a month. There are usually 28 days in _._Every Chinese knows October 1st. New China was founded on October 1st.Every Chinese knows October 1st. New China was founded on _._I want to know the time. The bus leaves at the time.I want to know the time. The bus leaves at _._总结：when=介词+which，介词是由_ 所决定的。No one can guess the reason. He disappeared for the reason.No one can guess the reason. He disappeared for _._总结：why=for which，因为只有介词for表示原因.另一种引导词加介词的情况：1.This is the hero _whom we are proud.A.of B.to C. at D.in2.In the dark street, there wasnt any person _she could turn.A. to that B. who C. from whom D. to whom3.Lei Feng is a person _ all people should learn.A. to that B. who C. from whom D. to whom总结：看动词的固定搭配。先行词是人，在定语从句中作宾语时who与whom的区别:who是主格，可以做主语，但是现在语法要求不那么严格了，先行词是人在从句中作主语作宾语都可以用who来代替whom是宾格，先行词做宾语的时候可以用whom来代替但是介词之后只能接宾格的形式，所以如果引导词前有介词的话，必须得用whom的形式.而且当引导词前面有介词的时候是不能省略引导词的。1. You want the approval of those with_you come in contact.(who/whom/that)2. You want the approval of those _ you come in contact with.(who/whom/that)3. The girl _ you talked to is my girlfriend.(who/whom/that)4. The girl to _you talked is my girlfriend.(who/whom/that)5. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.(who/whom/that)定语从句最需要注意的地方:一、定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。 1. Here are the sentences that _often used by the students.(that指代_,谓语动词用_)2. I am Li Hua, who _ your student. ( who指代_, 谓语用_.)3. He was one of the students who _ praised for it. ( who指代_, 谓语用_.)4. He was the only one of the students who _ praised for it. ( who指代_, 谓语用_.)二、the way为先行词在句中做方式状语，引导词用that、in which或省略都可以。I dont like the way. You speak to me in the way.划分句子结构：You speak to me in the way.变成定语从句 1.I dont like the way that you speak to me. 2.I dont like the way in which you speak to me. 3.I dont like the way you speak to me.对比：I think the way is very practical. You told me the way.划分句子结构：You told me the way. 1.I think the way that you told me is very useful. 2.I think the way which you told me is very useful. 3.I think the way you told me is very useful. 三、注意英语的句子结构。1. The Greens have two daughters, both of _are college students. 2. The Greens have two daughters, and both of _ are college students. 3. The Greens have two daughters. Both of _ are college students. 四、定语从句不能用what引导。定语从句不能用what引导。定语从句不能用what引导。5、 虚拟的地点也可以做地点状语。 1. I receive your letter _ you told me you would come.先行词：_. You told me you would come_.先行词所做成分_对比：I receive your letter _ makes me glad. 先行词： _. _ makes me glad. 先行词所做成分_2.Look at the sentence _ there are five words.先行词: _. There are five words_.先行词所做成分_对比：Look at the sentence_ you should pay attention to .先行词: _. You should pay attention to_.先行词所做成分_3.Please log on the website _ you can find a lot of information.先行词: _. You can find a lot of information_.先行词所做成分_对比：Please log on the website _ can offer you a lot of information.先行词: _. _can offer you a lot of information.先行词所做成分_6、 as作关系代词先行词前有such, as, the same时，其意为“像的”“凡是的”“一类的人(物)”，引导词必须用as。例如：Hes not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。He is not such a man as would leave his work half done. 他并不是一个做事半途而废的人。You must show my wife the same respect as you show me. 你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的敬重。He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。7、 特殊情况只用that不用which的情况(1) 先行词是不定代词：all，few，little，much, something，nothing，anything等。例如：All that we have to do is to practise every day.我们必须做的就是每天练习。Little that he said is believable他的话很少有可信的。(2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten。我将永远记得我的第一堂课。（3）先行词被all，any，very，each，few，little，no，some等限定词修饰。例如：Every means that had been tried proved to be useless.尝试过的每一种方法都证明是无用的。I have read all the books (that)you gave me.我已读了你给我的所有的书。（4）先行词被the only，the very，the right，just the修饰时。例如：He is the only person that l want to talk to.他是我想与之交谈的唯一的人。This is just the book (that) Im looking for.这正是我在找的书。（5）先行词既有人又有物时。例如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈起了他们所记得的学校里的人和事。（6） 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that，以免与先行词重复。例如：Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?我们当中懂得一些物理知识的人有谁不知道这个呢?（7） 先行词前有介词的时候不能用that只能用which，而且绝对不能省略The book _ I heard about was written ten years ago.The book about _I heard was written ten years ago. 当先行词是人，只用that不用who的情况：a. 以who开头的特殊疑问句，定语从句的先行词如果是人，关系代词只用that不用whoWho is the girl that said hello to you just now?b. 当先行词既有人也有物时，定语从句只用that来引导They ofter talk about the person and things that they remember.c. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，只用that来引导Hes changed. He is not the man that he was. 练习题：【2017北京】1. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.that B. as C. where D. when 【2016北京】2. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A.whose B. why C. where D. which【2014重庆】3. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.A.which B. where C. when D. what【2014安徽】4The exact year_ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A.When B. where C. why D. which5.Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.when B.where C.which D.whom6.Who can think of a situation_ this idiom can be used?A.whereB.which C.in thatD.that7.In class, our teachers often create an environment _ we are given the opportunity to solve problems ourselves.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that8.The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.A.that B.which C.whoseD.what9.The factory I am going to is the place my father used to work in the past.A.where; whereB.where; which C.which; whereD.that; which10.Tom is one of the boys who late this morning.A.was B. were C.is D.are11. Tom is the only one of the boys who late this morning.A.was B. were C.is D.are12.Do you know the student _?A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C.I often talk with D. that I often talk13. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. which C. when D. who14. Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. which B. whose C. in which D. at which15.Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whom B.who C.whatD.which16.He is the last person in the world _ I am willing to turn for help.A.to whomB.who C.thatD.when17.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_ lives were affected.A.whose B.that C.whoD.which18.The book has opened up a window _we can see a wonderful world outside.A.in whichB.through whichC.whereD.that19.I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who isB.who am C.that isD.what is20.I know the reason _ he was absent from class this morning.A.whichB.in which C.for whichD.that21.The company _I am working in is next to the post office.A.whereB.which C.in whichD.to which22.The reason _ you explained for your being late is unbelievable.A./B.why C.for whichD.what23.Is this the park _ you visited the other day?A.whereB.that C.in whichD.the one24.He is the only one of my uncles _ a restaurant.A.that runsB.who run C.whom runsD.which run25.Is this the hospital _ you worked 10 years ago?A.whereB.that C./D.which26.He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.which C.whereD.how27.Nowhere could he find his glasses, _he could see nothing.A.with which B.thatC.without which D.where28.Wind power is an ancient source of energy_we may return in the near future.A.on whichB.by whichC.to whichD.from which29.This is the best way _ I have thought of_the problem.A.that; solvingB.in which; solvingC.which; to solveD./; to solve30.Leave him a note at the reception desk, _ he will learn how to find you.A.which B.from whichC.with whichD.on which31.The school is different from the one _it used to be 6 years ago.A.it B.which C.thatD.what32.Students_ live far away home will be happy with our dormitories.A.whomB.whose C.whoD.for whom33.The way_the teacher taught is practical.A.in whichB.when C.whereD.that34.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A.that B.where C.in whichD.in that35.I have bought the same dress she is wearing.A.as B.that C.which D.what非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句的区别：主句和从句中间有无逗号非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句用法基本一样，但是有两点不同：1. 非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导2. 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一整句话，当先行词是一整句话的时候引导词只能用which1.The famous basketball star, _is an American, came to China yesterday.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _she had a wonderful time.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian, _I visited last year, is a nice old city.5.It was raining heavily, _ made the situation wore.6.He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.7.The school,_I once studied,was built thirty years ago.8.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.9.My parents often treat me as a baby, _ I cant bear.10. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. 3.在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1.I am doing different types of exercises, all of _are quite helpful to my health.2.Many people , some of _are not overweight , are going on diets.3.There are 54 students in my class, three of _come from US.4.Its the same in China-many people, some of _are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, _ are often dangerous.4.as也可以作引导词，先行词为一整句话。但是which引导的句子放在主句之后，as引导的从句放在主句之前。但是这一类定语从句逐渐演化成了短语，常见的有： as has been said before 如上所述 as is well known 众所周知 as was expected 正如预料的那样 as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样练习题：1.This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch which Tom is looking for it. 3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 4. The house in that we live is very small. 5. The sun gives