初中英语名词考点小结PPT幻灯片课件

初中英语名词考点小结Ihopeeveryonecanmakesuccessineducationexam.Ms.Zhang,1,专有名词（ProperNouns）普通名词(CommonNouns）专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。,名词的分类,2,1）个体名词（IndividualNouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student,desk,apple。2）集体名词（CollectiveNouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：class,team,family。3）物质名词（MaterialNouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：rice,water,milk。4）抽象名词（AbstractNouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：love,life,work。,普通名词又分为四类,3,个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（CountableNouns）物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（UncountableNouns）,所以一般情况下我们所说的名词复数指的就是可数名词的复数问题,4,一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/map-mapsbook-books2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bagscar-cars,名词复数的规则变化(1),5,以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches,bridge-bridges以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/exercise-exercises,名词复数的规则变化(2),6,以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变复数：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey-monkeysholiday-holidays,以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加es读/z/baby-babiesfactory-factories,名词复数的规则变化(3),7,以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加-sroof-roofsb.去f,fe加-vesthief-thieveswife-wivesknife-kniveswolf-wolvesshelf-shelveshalf-halvesleaf-leaveslife-lives,名词复数的规则变化(4),总结：小偷和妻子用架子上的小刀结束了狼和树叶的半条命,8,atomato,sometomatoes,somepotatoes,someheroes,初中阶段以o结尾的名词复数主要是加-s,只有这几个加-es:Heroeslovetomatoesandpotatoes.,名词复数的规则变化(5),9,foot-feet,child-children,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,名词复数的不规则变化(1),goose-geese,总结：牙脚鹅,10,名词复数的不规则变化(2),man-men,woman-women,mendoctors,womenteachers,11,aGerman,someGermans,American-AmericansAustralian-AustraliansCanadian-Canadians,somepolicemen,apoliceman,EnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen,一些需要强调的表示人的名词复数,12,onesheep,twosheep,aChinese,twoChinese,aJapanese,severalJapanese,名词复数的不规则变化(3):单复数形式相同,总结：羊鹿鱼,13,onefish一条鱼,fishes不同种类的鱼各种各样的鱼,threefish三条鱼,somefish一些鱼肉,可数名词,不可数名词,名词复数的不规则变化(4):“fish”,想一想：我们学过的名词还有哪些和fish的用法相同？,14,必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(1)a.有些词既可数又不可数但意思不同:paper报纸/试卷/文件/讲义纸张time次数/倍数时间glass玻璃杯玻璃room房间空间fish鱼鱼肉b.有些词虽以-s结尾但却是单数:news,math(s),physics,politics,.c.有些词始终是复数形式:people(人们),clothes,trousers,glasses(眼镜),works(著作),times(时代).有些词通常都是复数形式:shoes,gloves,15,d.people有两种意思:人/人们;民族Thereare56peoplesinChina.民族(加-s构成复数)Thereare56peopleintheroom.人(们)(本身就是复数)e.这些是最常见的不可数名词,一般都没有复数形式news,information,weather,work(工作),bread,knowledge,advice,fun但是可以加上一些表示单位的名词来够成短语:a_ofpaper/bread/meat/work/advicea_oftea/coffeea_ofwater/milka_ofglasses/trousers/gloves,必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(2),piececupglass/bottlepair,16,a.“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时该名词用单数形式atwo-monthholidayan8-year-oldboytheboys400-metrerace,必须注意的特殊用法,b.关于几个表示数量的单位词hundreds/thousands/millionsofpeople9hundred/thousand/millionpeople,总结：数字连字符用原型,总结：确切数字用原型，概述s加of,17,中考有关名词的试题,1、These_havesavedmanychildrenslives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor2、Thisis_bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.AnnesandJanesC.AnnesandJaneD.AnneandJanes3、-Arethereany_onthefarm?-Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep4、-Whatwouldyouliketodrink,_ororange?-Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea5、_turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs,C,D,D,C,B,18,6、Helpyourselvestosome_,dearchildren!A.fishsB.fishesC.fishD.thefish7、-Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem_?-Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters8、Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_?A.ChildrensDayB.ChildrenssDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDay9、_hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa10、Imettwo_inthestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese11、_aregoingtoEnglandforaholiday.A.TheWangB.WangsC.TheWangsD.TheWangs,C,B,A,C,D,D,19,根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1.“Whatsyourn_?”“LiLei.”2.Howmanyd_doesyourunclehave?3.Pleaseclosethew_.Itscoldoutside.4.IfyouwantstudyEnglishwell,youmustpayattentiontoyourp_.5.Acomputerisoneofthegreatesti_intheworld.6.ZhangHuiisveryexcited.HewillgotoJapanwithhisp_duringtheSpringFestival.7.Atthea_ofseven,thelonelygirlhadtoworktomakeliving.8.Itsonlyaboutanh_flightfromQingdaotoBeijingbyair.9.Healt