安全隐患与风险分析ppt课件

何培松益瑞石集团亚太区EHS经理2008年6月21日,工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析,Objectives目标,Purposeofdoinghazardandriskanalysis.理解进行危险源和风险分析的目的HowtoevaluateanoperationsWorkplaceHazardsandRisk.掌握如何评估作业场所的危险源和风险Whoshouldbeinvolvedinyouranalysis.组建危险和风险分析团队Whattodowiththeresults.利用分析结果进行持续改进,WhyReally?意义,Itprovidesasystematicwaytoanalyzetheriskinoperationsinamethodical,provenway.提供系统可靠的方法分析作业过程中的风险Riskisprovidedtomanagementinaprioritizedmanner,thehigherthenumberofrisktheriskierthetaskorjobwillbe.将风险按优先级顺序排列呈送给管理层，风险等级评分越高，任务或作业的风险就越高,WhyReally?意义,Theprocessprovidestomanagementapictureoftherealriskofinjury,notwhatthe“gut”tellsyouitis,orwhatouremployeethinksitis.这一过程给管理层提供明晰的伤害风险，而不是就事论事的经验或我们员工的主观想像Ithelpsyouidentifytheelephants它可以帮助我们识别风险造成的影响,WhydoHazard/Riskanalysis?必要性,Potentially潜在的,Catastrophic灾难性的,Doestheactivityhaveapotentialtoharmthoseperformingandthoseneartheactivity?活动是否存在对从事活动的人员本身或活动附近人员造成伤害的可能？,Theelement(s)ofanactivitythathasapotentialtoharmisconsidereditshazard(s).可能造成伤害的活动的要素被视作危险。,I.e.例如：Activity-SprayPainting活动喷漆HazardsChemicalExposure(inhalation),ChemicalExposure(skin),ChemicalExposure(eyes),Noise,Fire/Explosion危险化学品吸入、皮肤接触化学品、眼睛接触化学品、噪声、火灾/爆炸,Definitions定义,Definitions定义,Hazardshave危险具有:RISKpossibilityoflossorinjury.风险造成损失或伤害的可能性Riskhave风险要素:Severityandprobability严重性和可能性（概率）,Definitions定义,Severity严重性:Ifinjuryorlossoccurshowbadwillitbe?如果发生损失或者伤害的情况，情况有多糟糕？Probability可能性（概率）:Thepotentialfrequencyoflossorinjuryoccurring,increaseswithexposuretohazard损失或伤害发生的潜在频率,HazardExamples危险举例:,ChemicalExposure(Inhalation,Skin,Hands,Eyes)HarmfulDustNoiseExposureFlyingDebris/ObjectsProtrudingObjectsExtremeTemperaturesPointofOperation(I.ecrush,nip)Fall,Trip,SlipStrain/OverexertionElectricalShockFire/ExplosionLightRadiationFallingObjectsSharpObjectsBiological,Definitions定义,化学品接触（吸入、皮肤、手、眼睛）有害粉尘噪声曝露飞溅的碎片或物体突出的物体高低温高空坠落绊倒/滑倒紧张，劳累电击火灾/爆炸放射线坠物砸伤接触尖锐物体生物危险,HazardExamples危险举例:,ElectricalShock电击,ChemicalExposureEyes眼睛接触化学品,FlyingDebris/Objects飞溅的碎片或物体,Engulfment开挖塌方,FallFrom高空坠落,FallFrom高空坠落,Trip/Slip绊倒/滑倒,Fire/Explosion火灾/爆炸,StruckbyFallingObjects坠物砸伤,ContactWithMovingObjects运动物体接触,OtherHazards其它危险,OtherHazards其它危险,IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）,IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险,DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险,DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性,DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标,Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核,StartingPoint起点,Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域,Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程,IdentifyingActivitiesandWhoShouldbeInvolved识别相关活动和参与的人员,Beforeyoucandetermineyoursiteshazardsyoumustknowwhatactivitiesarebeingconductedatyoursite.在你判断场地危险之前，你必须知道在你场地正从事何种活动。,Startwithasitelayout.从场地平面图开始Dividethesiteintooperational/functionalareas.将场地划分为不同的操作/功能区域。,ACMESiteLayoutACME场地平面布置,IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）,IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险,DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险,DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性,DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标,Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核,StartingPoint起点,Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域,Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程,IdentifyingActivitiesandWhoShouldbeInvolved识别相关活动和参与的人员,Recruitindividualsknowledgeableofareas.招纳熟谙区域的人员Manager/Supervisors经理/主管EH&SEHS人员Employees职员Brainstormtodetermineareaactivities.运用“头脑风暴”来辨别区域活动Considerlegacyissuesaswellascurrentoperationalissues(I.e.previousinjuries)考虑遗留问题，业考虑当前操作中的问题（如以前的工伤事故）,IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）,IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险,DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险,DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性,DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标,Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核,StartingPoint起点,Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域,Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程,ACMEPlantActivityACME工厂活动,HazardIdentificationSheet危险辨识表,IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）,IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险,DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险,DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性,DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标,Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核,StartingPoint起点,Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域,Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程,PrioritizingHazards/Risk对危险/风险进行排序,AprocessshouldbeusedtodeterminehowsignificanttheRISKahazardcanhaveonworkers.用于判断某一危险对工作人员造成风险程度的过程,DetermineRiskofHazards判断危险的风险,RatingTooltoFacilitatetheProcess帮助判断的等级评定工具,HazardRiskTool危险风险分析工具,RankingProcedure/评级程序,RevieweachHazardandscoreeachhazardindividuallychosenbyteam.审阅每一个危险因素，由组建的团队成员逐个评分。TransfertheaveragescoreonSeverityandProbabilitytotheHazardRiskToolworksheet.将严重性和可能性的平均分输入到风险分析工具表单。,IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）,IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险,DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险,DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性,DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标,Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核,StartingPoint起点,Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域,Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程,SetObjectives设立目标,SetImprovementObjectivestoLowerRisk设立改善目标来降低风险ListallofyourSignificantHazards/Risk.(redoryellowratings)列出所有重要的危险/风险。（红色或黄色等级)EvaluateSignificanthazards(redoryellowratings)todetermineifchangescanbemadetoprocesstoreducetherisksothattheyarenolongerSignificant.评估重要危险（红色或黄色等级），来判断如果是否可以通过工艺过程改变来降低风险，使其不再成为重要危险。,SetObjectives设立目标,Usebestpossible/mostfeasiblecontrol采取尽可能完善和可行的控制措施Getemployeeparticipationindevelopingoperationalcontrols.让员工参与提出操作控制措施,WhattodowithHazardsthathavebeendeterminedtohaveaSignificantRisk?FocusonRedoryellowratings对那些判断有重要风险的危险该采取什么措施？集中精力于那些红色或黄色等级的危险,Elimination/Substitution-removingorreducingthehazard消除/替代移除或者降低危险EngineeringControlsworkstationdesign,machineguards,safetycontrols,isolationofhazardousareas,monitoringdevices,etc.工程控制工作站设计、机械防护、安全控制、危险区域隔离、监测设施等AdministrativeControls-procedures,assessments,inspection,recordstomonitorandensuresafepracticesandenvironmentsaremaintained.管理控制程序、评价、检查、用显示器记录、确保维持安全的操作规范和环境TrainingControls-initialnewhiresafetyorientation,jobspecificsafetytrainingandperiodicrefreshertraining.培训控制进行新进员工的安全教育、具体作业安全配许和定期强化培训PersonalProtectiveEquipment个人防护装备,HierarchyofOperationalControls操作控制的层次,优先考虑,次要考虑,CaseStudy-案例讨论,Identif