初中英语阅读技巧猜测词意

初中阅读技能训练-词义猜测,Howtoguessthemeaningofthewords?,词义猜测,词义猜测题是阅读理解的一个重要题型，主要考查根据短文已知信息猜测文章未知词语的能力。词义猜测有两种考查形式：一种是选择短文中某个词语的英文含义，一种是选择短文中某个词语的汉语意思。,1.Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.2.Imadesomecoffeebutitwashorrible.Infact,mysistersaiditwasundrinkable.3.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.4.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwastoofaint.5.Heisapunctualboy,buthewaslatethismorning.6.Itsourdutytoprotectitandeverybodyhasrespon-sibilitytoprotecttheEarth.7.Landpollutioniscausedbysolidwaste,suchascans,bottlesandsomeplasticthingswhicharentbrokendownquickly.8.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thentherewillbeadrought.,Guessanddiscuss,1.Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.,日历,起解释说明作用,Tip1:定义描述法：根据定义或释义猜测词义。Keywords:1)is,mean,thatistosay2)标点符号:破折号、冒号3)定语从句,Guessthemeaning,Heisadentist,thatistosay,apersonwhosejobistotakecareofpeoplesteeth.,牙医,起解释说明作用,即学即练,2.Imadesomecoffeebutitwasterrible.Infact,mysistersaiditwasundrinkable.,Tip2:构词法：根据词根、前缀、后缀猜测词义。Keywords:1)词根2)前缀3)后缀,drink喝-able可以的un-不,Guessthemeaning,不能喝的,Canyouguesstherightmeanings?,粗心的,不可能的,误解,不同意,超市,不高兴,重建,super-,超级,-less,mis-,un-,im-,re-,dis-,无,误、恶,不、非,不,再、反复,不,supermarket,careless,misunderstand,unhappy,impossible,rebuild,disagree,-able,能够,suitable,合适的,即学即练,Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless.,home家-less否定后缀：没有,无家可归的,3.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.,Tip3:同反义词法：根据同义词或反义词猜测词义。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。,disagree,Guessthemeaning,Mr.Whitelovestotalk,hiswifeisalsoasloquaciousashim.,爱说话的，多嘴的,同义关系,即学即练,4.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwastoofaint.,因果关系,dark,Tip4:因果关系法：根据前后句因果关系猜测词义。keywords:(1)because(2)so(3)as,since,for,Guessthemeaning,Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.,useless,因果关系,即学即练,5.Heisapunctualboy,buthewaslatethismorning.,转折关系,守时的,Tip5:对比转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义。Keywords:but,however,although,though，while(然而),ratherthan,insteadof,Guessthemeaning,Hehadbeengettingbetter,however,duringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.,恶化,转折关系,即学即练,6.Itsourdutytoprotectitandeverybodyhasresponsibilitytoprotecttheearth.,并列关系,责任,Tip6:并列关系：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。Keywords:and,also,asas,thesameas,Guessthemeaning,有害的,即学即练,Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.,并列关系,7.Landpollutioniscausedbysolidwaste,suchascans,bottlesandsomeplasticthingswhicharentbrokendownquickly.,举例说明,固体,Tip7:举例归纳法：根据例子隶属的类别归纳出词义。Keywords:suchas,like，forexample,forinstance,Guessthemeaning,Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.,家禽,即学即练,举例说明,8.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thentherewillbeadrought.,生活常识经验,dry,Tip8:生活常识经验：根据自身的直接或间接的经验，运用自己已有的常识,以及英美国家的风俗习惯、宗教信仰、社会生活等将生词推测出来。,Guessthemeaning,Intheolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesplentyofdowry.,即学即练,嫁妆,生活常识经验,定义描述,构词法,上下文,同义词反义词,因果关系,对比转折,并列关系,Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?,举例归纳,Competition,1234,100,1234,1234,1234,200,300,400,1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.,不诚实的,2.Tomcantplaytennisnowbecausehecantfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowlsC.shoesD.books,3.Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool,thenoondaysunwastropical.,hot,4.YuanLongping,thefatherofhybridrice,wontheWorldFoodPrizeonMonday.Yuandevelopedtheworldsfirstpopularandwidelygrownhybridrice.Hybridriceplantscanmakemorericethantheonespeoplegrewbefore.,A.杂交水稻B.玉米C.小米,1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A雪山B树枝C冰河D冰,举例归纳,2.Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake，soIcanmakeittoo.A.adishB.directionsforcookingC.amealD.directionstoyourhouse,举例归纳,3.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplecareabouttheexploitation(开采)ofthenaturalresources,suchasoil.A.商品B.现象C.资源D.污染,举例归纳,4.Manyvolunteersvisitedthe“left-behind”childrenwhoseparentsareworkingincitiesbeforeChildrensDay.,A.留守儿童B.孤儿C.残疾儿童,left-,behind,1.Studyingabroadbringsaheavyburdentothefamily.FormostChineseparents,thecostofstudyingabroadisveryhigh.Butisitworthit?,A.任务B.负担C.责任D.义务,2.Didyoueverhearsomeonespeakofacatnap?Acatnapisashortsleep.Peopletakeitwhenthereisalottodoandthereisntenoughtimeforafull-lengthsleep.,A.休息B.小睡C.睡觉D.做梦,3.Ifyouknowhowmuchthepostageisforyourletter,youcanbuystampsatanywindow.Insomepostoffices,youcanbuystampsfrommachines.Stampsaresoldatmanydifferentprices,fromonecenttomanydollars.A.邮票B.邮戳C.邮筒D.邮资,post,4.Itisnotonlydriverswhocauseaccidents,however.Peopleonfootpedestrians,andbicycleridersoftencauseaccidents,too.Pedestrianssometimeswalkoutintothestreetwithoutlooking.Youshouldalwayslookonbothsidesbeforesteppingintothestreet.Theword“pedestrians”intheparagraphmeans_inChinese.A.行人B.徒步C.徒步竞走D.常散步的人,1.MissBakerwasawakedbyagreatnoise.Theirshiphitsomethingandstopped.SomuchwaterfilledtheshipscabinthatallthepeoplewereinaflusterA.慌乱中B.兴奋中C.迷茫中D.从容中,2.Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆虫).Therearealsomanybusiness-men.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_.A.化学家B污染品C药品D.化学制品,3.TenwaystocheerupFeelingalittleblue?Herearetenfastandeasywaystosmile.PlayoutsideLeaveyourhouseandgooutside,becausesunandfreshairaregoodforyou.ExerciseWhenyouexercise,yourbrainletsoutachemical.Thischemicalmakesyoufeelhappier.Whatdoestheword“blue”inthefirstsentencemean?A.happyB.sadC.pleasedD.tired,Onceyouhaveagoodidea,thenextstepisorganization.Thinkthroughyourpaperbeforeyoustart.Writeanoutline.Youneedtoknowwhatyourmainpointsarebeforeyoustartyourfirstparagraph.Use24mainpoints,oneparagrapheach.A.外形B.提纲C.中心D.总结,Letshaveanothertry!,AboutoneinthreeAmericanshasaproblemwithsleep.Manyofthesepeoplecannotfallasleep.Thenameofthisproblemisinsomnia.Somepeoplesay,“Ididntsleepallnight.”Butthatsnotreallytrue.Theymaysleeplightlyandwakeupseveraltimes.Inthemorning,theyonlyrememberthetimestheywereawake,sotheythinktheywereawakeallnight.,江西省2010年中考真题,78.Whatdoes“insomnia”meaninthispassage?A.NosleepB.BadsleepC.SlowsleepD.Sleepwithmydreams,75.Whatdoesthephrase“apartfrom”inParagraph3mean?A.exceptB.asforC.aswellasD.besides,Asshegrewolder,sheacceptedwhoshewas.Still,shewantedtofindthemissingpieceofthepuzzle.Afterfindingouttheplaceofherbirthparents,IdawenttoKoreain2008.Whenshefirstarrived,shewassurprisedtoseesomanypeoplewholookedlikeher.However,apartfromherlooks,notmuchcouldbesharedwithothers.Sheknewlittleabouttheculture,food,especiallythelanguage.BeijinginKoreawasntalwayseasyforher.,江西省2011年中考真题,Atonce,Lionpushedhisstrongshoulderagainsttherockstokeepthemfrommovinganyfurther.“Illjustrunoverheretogetsomethingtostoptherocks,”shoutedJackalasheranawaytosafety.LionstayedleaningagainsttheunmovingrocksforquitealongtimebeforeherealizedthatJackalhadtrickedhimyetagain!,江西省2012年中考真题,70.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”leaning”mean?A.supportingB.sleepingC.runningD.sitting,Homework,1.Gooverwhatwelearnedtoday.2.Finishadditionalexercises.,Readingmakesafullman.Agoodreaderisagoodguesser.Enjoyreading!,EnjoyEnglish,Enjoylife!Thankyouforlistening!,江西省2009年中考真题,Peerpressure.Weknowaboutit.Yourfriendswearcertainclothesorlistentocertainmusic.Youdontwanttobedifferent.Soyoudothosethingstoo.,74.Whatisthemeaningof“peerpressure”inthepassage?A.Youwanttobelikeyourfriends,soyoudowhattheydo.B.Youwanttobedifferentfromyourfriendsandclassmates.C.Youwanttogiveyourclothestoyourfriendstowear.D.Youwanttobuyasmanyclothesasyourclassmatesdo.,江西省2008年中考真题,Aresportsimportant?Mike(USA)Sportsbringpeopletogether,buttheydividethemtoo.Fansofdifferentteamsfightallthetime-theyshoutandhiteachother.Andheresanotherexample:Mybrotherplayshighschoolbaseball.Lastweek,histeamplayedanimportantgame.Atthegame,twoparentsfoughtaboutacall.Comeonbaseballisonlyagame!Sportsaresocompetitive(有竞争力的)thesedays.Itsallaboutwinning.Thenthegameisntfun.,75.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“call”mean?A.DecisionB.TelephoneC.SuggestionD.Seat,江西省2007年中考真题,BritishworkershavethelongestworkingweekinEurope(欧洲),with23vacationdays-theshortestvacation.Sotheyfeeloverworked.75saytheirweekendsorvacationsaretooshortand40wouldsacrificeadayspay(工资)foronemorevacationday.,69.Whatdoestheword“sacrifice”meaninthelastsentence?A.Useup.B.Putup.C.Takeup.D.Giveup.,TheBritishandAmericansmayusedifferenttermsformanythings.TheBritish