《英语修辞格》.ppt

FiguresofSpeech英语修辞格,主讲人：,.,I.Simile（明喻）Asimileisafigureofspeechinwhichtwoquitedifferentthingsarecomparedbecausetheyappeartobesimilaratleastonecharacteristic.,.,OpensimileThemanoverthereislikeapig.Inthissentence,thesecondaryterm“pig”hasmanycharacteristicssuchasfat,lazy,dirty,greedyandgross.Inwhichrespectorrespectsisthatmanlikeapig?Itdoesnotsay.So,itiscalledanopensimile(itdoesnotgiveanydefiniteinformation).,.,ClosedsimileWenotonlycomparethatmanwithapig,butalsospecifytherespectinwhichtheyarecompared:Themanis“asfatasapig”.不用like,as等连词，而采取其他对比形式。,.,1形容词比较级(nomorethan,notanymorethan,asas)Hehadnomoreideaofmoneythanacow.他对金钱像牛对金钱一样一无所知。Therubyshallberedderthanaredrose,andthesapphireshallbeasblueasthegreatsea.红宝石可以比红玫瑰还要红,蓝宝石可以同大海一样蓝.,.,2.介词短语(of+)Adoctormusthavetheheartofalionandthehandofalady.大夫必须有狮子般的胆量和仕女般的巧手.3.连词and连接的两个同等成分Loveandcoughcannotbehid.爱情跟咳嗽一样是掩盖不了的.Awordandstoneletgocannotberecalled.(proverb)说出的话收不回.,.,II.Metaphor（隐喻）Metaphorisafigureofspeechinwhichonethingisdescribedintermsofanother.Inametaphor,acomparisonisusuallyimplicit;whereasinasimileitisexplicit.Becauseofhiswealth,hewasafountainofgenerositytohisrelativesandfriends.,.,Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.Inforeignpolicy,flyingsolocanberiskybusiness.Hewassuchamarvelousteacherthatwheneverherecognizedasparkofgenius,youshouldbesurehewouldwaterit.,.,III.Analogy（类比）Analogyisafigureofspeechwhichdrawsaparallelbetweentwodifferenttypesofthings,andusesone(usuallyfamiliartothereader)toexplaintheother(usuallyunfamiliartothereader).Thefunctionofananalogyistodeepenthereadersunderstandingofthewriterspoint.Forexample,TextAinUnits1itwastheageofwisdom.Itwastheageoffoolishness.CharlesDickensAnymanorstatewhofightonagainNazidomwillhaveouraid.AnymanorstatewhomarcheswithHitlerisourfoe.WinstonChurchill,.,Andso,myfellowAmericans,asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.J.Kennedy,.,VI.Oxymoron（矛盾词的意思相反）Itisafigureofspeechinwhichapparentlycontradictorytermsarecombinedtoproduceanepigrammaticeffect.Whencontradictorytermsareusedtogether,theycanrevealtherelationshipbetweentwothingswhichareoppositeorquasi-oppositetoeachotherinmeaning.Cruelkindness(oppositeinmeaning),.,Coldfire(quasi-oppositeinmeaning)Hisairwasoneoffriendlyhostility.IdontmeantoimplythatwearesuddenlythreatenedintheUnitedNationswithharmony.Hishonorrootedindishonorstood.Andfaithunfaithfulkepthimfalselytrue.,.,VII.Pun（双关）Itisafigureofspeechdependinguponasimilarityofsoundandadisparityofmeaning.Punisusuallyemployedforjocularandhumorouseffect.Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforgoodofhiscountry.,.,Askformetomorrowandyouwillfindmeagraveman.ShakespeareSevendayswithoutwatermakeoneweak.(=week)Aprofessortappedonhisdeskandshouted:“Gentlemenorder!”Theentireclassyelled:“Beer!”,.,VIII.Paradox（悖论逻辑相反）Paradoxisastatementwhichiscontrarytoexpectation,apparentlyabsurdorself-contradictory.Butinfact,itisreasonableandlogical.Aparadoxoftenimpliesprofoundmeaning,hencethought-provoking.Mosthaste,lessspeed.,.,Thechildisfatherofman.W.WordsworthThosewhohaveeyesapparentlyseelittle.HelenKeller,.,IX.Alliteration（押韵）Alliterationreferstotherepetitionusuallyofaninitialsoundthatisusuallyaconsonantintwoormoreneighboringwordsorsyllables.Theuseofitgoesbacktoancienttimes.Asoneofthephoneticrhetoricaldevices,itremainsapreferablemeansinliterarycreation.,.,Thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew,thefurrowfollowedfree.Nexttohealth,heart,home,happinessformobileAmericansdependsupontheautomobile.,.,Andsingsasolitarysong,Thatwhistlesinthewind.W.WordsworthChinascities,afterdecadesofbolteddoorsandbarredwindows,aresuddenlybeingopenedtosweepingchanges.NewsWeekly,.,X.Irony（讽刺）Ironyisafigureofspeechinwhichthemeaningliterallyexpressedistheoppositeofthemeaningintendedandwhichaimsatridicule,humororsarcasm.Sometimesironyisusedtoshowpeoplesintimatefeeling,butinmostcases,itisusedtocriticizeorexposebadanduglythings.,.,Twotypesofirony:1.Antiphrase(wordsusedobviouslywithmeaningsoppositetotheirliteralone)Blessedaretheyoung,fortheyshallinheritthenationaldebt.Thishard-workingboyseldomreadsmorethananhourperweek.,.,2.Situationsirony(Wordsusedwithimpliedmeaningswhichcannotbetakenliterallybutfromthecontext.)“ItsnousegoingtoseelittleHansinwinter,”theMillerusedtosaytohiswife,“Whenpeopleareintroublewemustleavethemaloneandnotbotherthem.Thatismyideaoffriendship,andIamsureIamright.OscarWilde,TheDevotedFriend,.,OnceuponatimetherewasanhonestlittlefellownamedHans.Helivedinacottageallalone,andeverydayheworkedinhisgarden.Inallthevillagetherewasnogardensolovelyashis.LittleHanshadmanyfriends,butthemostdevotedfriendwasbigHughtheMiller.Indeed,therichMillerwassodevotedtolittleHansthatwhenhepassedhisgardenhealwayspickedalargebouquetofflowers,orifitwasthefruitseason,hewouldfillhispocketswithplumsandcherries.,.,Realfriendsmustshareeverything,theMillerusedtosay,andlittleHansnoddedandsmiledandwasveryproudthathehadafriendwithsuchnobleideas.Sometimes,indeed,theneighboursthoughtitwasstrangethattherichMillernevergavelittleHansanythinginreturn,butHansnevertroubledhisheadaboutthesethings.,.,SolittleHansworkedandworkedinhisgarden.Duringspringandsummerandautumnhewasveryhappy,butwhenwintercame,hesufferedfromcoldandhunger,andoftenwenttobedwithoutsupper.Besides,inwinterhewasverylonely,astheMillernevercametoseehim.,.,ItsnousegoingtoseelittleHansinwinter,theMillerusedtosaytohiswife.Whenpeopleareintroublewemustleavethemaloneandnotbotherthem.Thatismyideaoffriendship,andIamsureIamright.SoIshallwaittillspringcomes,andthenIshallvisithimandhewillgivemealargebouquetofprimroses,andthatwillmakehimveryhappy.,.,Youthinksomuchaboutothers,saidhiswife.Itisapleasuretohearwhatyousayaboutfriendship.Iamsurethepriesthimselfcannotsaysuchbeautifulthingsasyoudo,thoughhelivesinathree-storeyedhouse,andwearsagoldringonhisli