中国传统乐器英文介绍.ppt

,Thexiao(箫;pinyin:xio;Wade-Giles:hsiao)isaChineseverticalend-blownflute.Itisgenerallymadeofdarkbrownbamboo(calledpurplebambooinChinese).Itisalsosometimescalleddngxio(洞箫),dngmeaninghole.Anancientnameforthexioisshd(竖笛,lit.verticalbambooflute)butthenamexioinancienttimesalsoincludedtheside-blownbambooflute,dizi.ThexioisaveryancientChineseinstrumentusuallythoughttohavedevelopedfromasimpleend-blownfluteusedbytheQiangpeopleofSouthwestChina.Themodernsix-holeformoftheinstrumentgoesbacktotheMingdynasty,Thehulusi(traditional:葫芦丝;simplified:葫芦丝;pinyin:hls)isafreereedwindinstrumentfromChina.Itisheldverticallyandhasthreebamboopipeswhichpassthroughagourdwindchest;onepipehasfingerholesandtheothertwoaredronepipes.ThehulusiwasoriginallyusedprimarilyintheYunnanprovincebytheDaiandothernon-HanethnicgroupsbutisnowplayedthroughoutChina,andhulusiaremanufacturedinsuchnortherncitiesasTianjin.Liketherelatedfreereedpipecalledbawu,thehulusihasaverypure,clarinet-likesound.,Xun(埙)isanancientporcelainwind-instrument.MostofXunsismadefromiguline.TheearliestpiecesofXunprobablydatefromHemuduSiteseventhousandsyearsago.ThesoundofXunisendowedwithemotionalhumanfeelings.WhenperformingwithXun,onecanfeeltheinnocenceofremoteantiquitytimes,andthepathosofdesolation.Xunsareclassicandsimplebyexteriorbutareindeedbeautifullyshaped.Asagreatmusicalinstrument,italsoisaelegantchinaware,Guqin(古琴),Itisapluckedseven-stringChinesemusicalinstrumentofthezitherfamilywithahistoryofmorethan3000years.Theprefixgu-(meaningancient)waslateraddedforclarification.Itcanalsobecalledqixianqin(lit.seven-stringedinstrument).Guqinhastraditionallybeenfavoredbyscholarsandliteratiasaninstrumentofgreatsubtletyandrefinement.GuqinhasalwaysbeenviewedasthefirstplaceamongthefourChinesehighcultureactivitiessuchasGuqin,Chess,calligraphyandpainting.,Theurheen(二胡)beginsintheTangDynasty,untilnowalreadysomemorethan1000yearshistory.Itoriginatedmostearlyinourcountryancienttimesnorthalocalnationalminority,wascalled“theXiqin”atthattime,Pipa（琵琶）,atraditionalpluckedstringofEastAsia,therearealready2000yearsofhistory,thefirsttobeknownasthePipainstrumentaroundChinaduringtheQinDynastyemerged.PipaThisnameisderivedfromtheso-calledpushinghandsasloquat,loquatcitedinhand(themostbasicplucked-stringtechnique),socalledloquat(pipa).IntheTangDynastyago,isalsoaChinesepipalutewhereallthefamily(alsoknownastheGrandSpecialGenus)pluckedstringinstrumentscollectively.ChinesePipaalsospreadtoEastAsia,theJapaneseluteintothepresent,NorthKorea,andVietnampipalute.,Themorinkhuurormorinhuur(fromtheMongolian:)ormatouqin(fromtheChinese:马头琴)isachordophoneofMongolianoriginwhosenameroughlytranslatesashorse-headfiddleinEnglish.Itisplayedwithabowandproducesasoundwhichispoeticallydescribedasexpansiveandunrestrained,likeawildhorseneighing,orlikeabreezeinthegrasslands.ItisthemostimportantmusicalinstrumentoftheMongolianpeople,andisconsideredasymboloftheMongoliannation,Bells（编钟)isanimportantinstrumentinancientChina.Withcastbronze,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheorderofminutestohangontheshelvesofwoodenbell,colorsandclear,resonant,penetratingpower.Thebellsdifferentshapeshistory,thereareseveraldifferentpieces.AncientMusicforGagakuduringwarsfe