Lecture 1 Course Introduction revised ppt课件

Pleasefeelfreetocontact,Lecturer:徐静E-mail:28755477,Lecture1CourseIntroduction,Questionsforyou,Whyareyouinterestedinthiscourse?Whatdoyouexpecttolearnfromthiscourse?Pleaseshareyourownexperiencecommunicatingacrosscultures.,Aimsofthiscourse,Developculturalawareness;Improveinterculturalcommunicationcompetence;Designstrategiesfordealingwithproblems;Appreciatesimilaritiesandrespectdifferencesbetweencultures.,Brainstorming,CanyoucomeupwithanydifferencesbetweenEasterncultureandWesternculture?,自我,西方人自我意识很强，注重人自身的价值，个性张扬；东方人则把自己看的比较轻，喜欢为别人活着，谦虚含蓄。,西方：注重自我价值实现，人格独立。中国：群居意识强，注重集体力量。,生活方式,处理问题,西方人遇到问题，会积极想办法直接处理问题；东方人遇到问题，首先是想办法怎么绕过去。,人际关系,西方人之间关系比较清晰；东方人之间的关系则错综复杂，盘根错节。,领导,西方人心目中领导在人格上是平等的，只是工作上的隶属关系；东方人心目中的领导，要绝对崇拜，如再生父母。,意见,西方人表达意见的方式直截了当，直奔主题；东方人则比较含蓄，拐弯抹角。,西方人会直接表达内心的感受，而东方人却往往会隐藏的很深。,对待愤怒,排队,西方：讲究、有序。中国：不讲究、较无序。,时间观念,西方人时间观念很强，比较准时，特别是德国人；东方人时间观念比较淡薄，对准时的要求比较随意。,三餐,西方：喜欢吃冷餐中国：喜欢吃热餐,旅游,西方人旅游注重自身在美景中的感受，更多的时候是去欣赏美景；东方人旅游则是恨不得把美景搬回家据为己有，所以就拼命的拍照，把美景弄回家来欣赏。,想象中的对方,清朝装束，喝茶水，吃米饭。“卓别林”，喝啤酒，吃火腿。,在西方，孩子和家庭其他成员是平等的关系；东方人中则是家庭所有成员以孩子为中心。,孩子,西方人的Party，注重人的随意性；东方人聚会喜欢大家统一活动。,聚会,西方人在餐厅除了进食，一般不做别的，所以比较安静；东方人在餐厅就不只是进食了，还是一种聚会或感情联络，通常气氛比较热闹。,在餐厅,西方人过周末讲究休闲，条件好的都到郊外度周末，所以街上人很少，另外西方人口密度比较低也是一个原因；东方人周末喜欢逛街，一方面是东方人周末没什么地方可去，再就是人口密度太高。,周末的街景,西方人追求的以自然健康生活方式下所晒出的黝黑肌肤为美；而东方人却以追求肌肤白皙剔透为美。,Whatattitudeshouldweholdtowardsthosedifferences?,美的标准,Howwouldyouanswerthefollowingtwoquestions?,Question1:Ifyouknowapregnantwomanwhohasalreadyhad8children-threedeaf,twoblind,oneretarded,andthewomanherselfsufferingsyphilis(梅毒)。“Willyousuggestabortionforthewoman?”,Discussion,Question2:Youarevotingforaleaderamongthreecandidates,andyourvoteiscrucial.Thefollowingareinformationaboutthethreecandidates:,CandidateA:meddlingwithsomedishonestpoliticians,capableofsoothsaying,havingaffairs,addictedtosmoking,drinking8-10cupsofmartini.CandidateB:havingrecordofbeingfiredtwice,gettinguptillnoon,addictedtoopiumatuni.,drinkingaquartwhiskyeveryevening.CandidateC:ahonoredwarhero,vegetarian,notsmoking,drinkingbeersoccasionally,havingnoaffairs.“Whichonewillyouchooseamongthethree?”,Whatdoyoulearnfromthisstory?,跨文化交际学,Howdoyoutranslatethecoursename?Cross-culturalCommunication?InterculturalCommunication?TheconceptwasfirstintroducedbyEdwardT.Hall,withthetermof“interculturalcommunication”inhisbookTheSilentLanguagepublishedin1959.,Asadiscipline(跨文化交际学),wetendtoadopttheterm“InterculturalCommunication”inbroadsense.,Innarrowsense,Cross-culturalcommunicationmainlyfocusesonthecomparisonofface-to-facecommunicationacrosscultures.Theprocessofcross-culturalcommunicationisstatic.,Innarrowsense,Interculturalcommunicationisconceptualizedascommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentnationalcultures.Theprocessofinterculturalcommunicationisdynamic.,AssumptionsaboutInterculturalCommunication,Differencesincommunicationpracticesaretobeexpected.Relationalcommunicationwillbeamajorfactorinthecommunicativeinteraction.Communicationstylemayhavetoadjusttofitthecircumstances.Reducinguncertaintyconsumestimeininitialinteractions.,Discussion,Accordingtoyourunderstandingonthiscoursesofar,whatfactorsdoyouthinkmightleadtodifficultiesorproblemscommunicatingacrosscultures?,Fromexamplesabove,Interculturalcommunicationdependsonasetofcomplexfactors/variables,including:nationality,age,educationbackground,familybackground,gender,profession,socialbackground,context.,WhydoesIntercultural/Cross-culturalCommunicationoccur?,GlobalizationTransportationandcommunicationsystems?Migration?Multinationalcorporations?Boomingworldpopulation?,Asanextremelycomplicatedphenomenon,Wearegoingtoexplorehowpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicateinsimilaranddifferentwaysacrosscultures.Wearegoingtoexaminethesituationsforunderstandingandmisunderstandingacrossculturesinthecontextofglobalization.,Difficultiesforus,WhereistheTEXTBOOK?Wheretofindusefulreferencematerials?Howaboutthetheoreticframeworks?,BUT,thegoodnewsis,WegotINTERNET!Communicationisadynamicprocess,itisinterestingandcharming!Justinspireyourcreativityandimagination!,TeachingObjectivesare,Tobeawareofhowdifferenceswithinandbetweencommunitiesarerealizedlinguistically,sociallyandcognitively.Tobeawareofvariousapproachestocross-culturalandinterculturalcommunication.Tocollectandanalyzecasestudymaterialtoilluminateunitissuesandtopics.Tocarryoutyourowninvestigationsofcross-culturalandinterculturalcommunication.,Studyscheduleasfollows,BasicTheoreticalFrameworksitisquiteformalandritualized.,UnitedNationsConference,b.InterracialCommunication,Interracialcommunicationoccurswhentheparticipantsexchangingmessagesarefromdifferentraces.,c.InterethnicCommunication,Ethnicgroupsusuallyformtheirowncommunitiesinacountryorculture.Thesegroupsshareacommonoriginorheritagethatisapttoinfluencefamilynames,language,religion,values,andthelike.,d.IntraculturalCommunication/InterregionalCommunication,Itisdefinedascommunicationbetweenoramongmembersofthesameculture.,e.g.Anorthernerinteractswithasoutherner.,VariousApproachesonInterculturalCommunication,MarshallSinger:Everyoneisculturallyunique.Porter&Samovar:Interculturalcommunicationandintraculturalcommunicationdonothavedistinctionsinnature,butonlydiscrepanciesindegrees.,Singersexample,MaryWhiteSuburbanresidentWomanMiddle-agedMarriedChristianHighereducationWithprofessionDemocraticadvocateEnvironmentalistAgainstracismLovesports,MargaretBlackUrbanresidentWomanSecondaryeducationCatholicLowerincomePhysicallaborNotinterestedinpoliticsEnvironmentalistAgainstracismAgainstinducedabortionLovepopmusic,Samovar&Porter:HesperianAsianmaximumdivergenceItalianSaudiArabianAmericanGreekAmericanGermanAmericanFrench-speakingCanadianAngloAmericanAmericanIndianlivingonReservationsAngloAmericanAfro-AmericanAmericanBritishAmericanEnglish-speakingCanadianAmericanurbanresidentsAmericanruralresidentsCatholicBaptistMaleChauvinistFeministHeterosexualHomosexualEnvironmentalistRealestatedeveloperminimumdivergence,Discussion:Discussthefollowingcasesofcommunicationanddecidetowhatextenttheyareintercultural.,CommunicationbetweenAChineseuniversitystudentandanAmericanprofessor,AwhiteCanadiangirlandablackSouthAfricanboy,Amalemanagerandafemalesecretary,Afatherwhoisafarmerallhislifeandasonwhoworksasanengineer,AteenagerfromBeijingandateenagerfromTibet,Afirst-generationChineseAmericanandathird-generationone,AstudentformHongKongandateacherfromXian,Asoftwaretechnicianandafarmer,etc.,VariousUnderstandingsonInterculturalCommunication,Ron&SuzanneScollon:Discourseanalysisisthecoreaspectofinterculturalcommunicationresearch.Discourseanalysisfocusesonface-to-faceconversationwithinspeechevents(suchasmeetings,conversations,orinterviews)accordingtodifferentcontexts(professions,gender,ages,socialbackground,etc.).,Discussion,Howdoyoucommentonthosedifferentapproachesininterculturalcommunicationstudies?Arethereanysuggestionstoourstudy?Whichapproachareyouinclinedto?Andwhy?,Asanewlydevelopeddiscipline,InterculturalCommunicationisdirectlyorindirectlyrelatedtoanthropology,linguistics,sociology,psychology,culturology,pragmatics,philosophy,communicationstudies,etc.(Multidisciplinaryperspective),Preparationsfornextlecture,Whatisculture?Therearevariousunderstandingsabout“culture”fromdifferentperspective,pleasetrytocollectasmanydefinitionsaspossible,andformyourownunderstandingaboutculture.,SuggestedReadingList,胡文仲,1990.SelectedReadingsinInterculturalCommunication.湖南教育出版社胡文仲,1998.文化与交际.外研社许力生,2004.InterculturalCommunicationin