unit1reading

Unit1,Greatscientists,Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyounamesomeofthem?Matchtheachievementswiththescientistsbelow.,GalileoGalileiBenjaminFranklinNewtonAlexanderBellAlbertEinstein,thetheoryoffallingobjects,lightning,thelawofgravity,telephone,ScientistsAchievements,thetheoryofrelativity,Whatdoyouknowaboutgreatscientists?Trythisquizandfindoutwhoknowsthemost.,1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?,B.Archimedes,C.ThomasEdison,A.CharlesDarwin,Archimedes(287-212BC),anancientGreekmathematicianThesecondsuggestedabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.,AnotheroutbreakhitLondon.,Morethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.,ThesenumbersinBroadStreetnearthewaterpumphadmanyofthedeaths,20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreethadnodeaths.TheydidntdrinkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.,Thesefamiliesworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.,16,37,20,8,9,pump,38,40,BROADSTREET,CAMBRIDGESTREET,21,JohnSnowsCholeraMap,7,Pub,Whatistheproblem?,Thecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.,Whatcausedcholera?,Makeaquestion:Whichtheorytobelievein?,Idea1,Idea2,Choleramultipliedintheairwithoutreason.Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfounditsvictims.,Peopleabsorbeditwiththeirmeals.,Whichonedoyoubelievemore?WhataboutJohnSnow?,AmapofBroadStreet,Whatmethoddidheuse?,BroadStreet,Manydeathshappenedhere.,Nodeathhappenedhere.,Itseemedthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Whatdidhedonext?,Publichouse,(Para6)Whatwasanothersupportingevidence?,(Para5)Helookedintothesourceofthewater,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.,Discussion,1.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?,JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.,2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?Giveareason.,No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.,3.Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?,Threediseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARS,AIDSandbirdflu,becausetheyarebothveryserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.,Retellthepassage,Readthepassageagainandfillintheblanks:JohnSnowwasawell-known_inLondoninthe_century.Hewantedtofindthe_ofcholerainorderto_it.In1854whenacholera_out,hebegantogatherinformation.He_onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe_died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_ofallwatersupplybe_andnewmethodsof_withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.,doctor,19th,cause,defeat,broke,marked,pump,source,examined,dealing,Summary,Ashortsummaryofthereadingpassage,Thepassagetellsus_JohnSnowfoundthe_ofinfectiousdisease“Kingcholera”andsuccessfullycontrolleditwiththemethodofobserving,analysingandresearching.,how,cause,Whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylifeinordernottogetinfectedwithcholera?,Healthefoodleftovernight,Cookrawfoodthoroughly,Washhandsoften,Keepawayfromflies,choosefreshseafood,Keepthekitchenclean,Disposerubbishproperly.,Drinkboiledwater,Discussion,LanguagepointsforReading1,1.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.,expertn.apersonwithspecialknowledge,skillortraininginaparticularfield.专家，能手e.g.anagricultrualexpert农业专家adj.donewith,having,orinvolvinggreatknowledgeorskill熟练的，老练的anexpertrider熟练的骑手Hesexpertat/incookinggoodcheapmeals.他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的饭菜。,2.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.,exposedtocholera在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,修饰people,相当于定于从句whowereexposedtocholera.表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”.如:,ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverypopular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的.,3.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.,everytime在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”,e.g.EverytimeImeethim,Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus.,每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。,注意:immediately,themoment,directly,instantly等与everytime一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一.就”。如：IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.我一见到他就把这封信给他。,4.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.他知道，在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。controlvt.todirect控制，统治，支配e.g.Controlyourself,dontgetangry.你要克制自己，不要发火。,n.控制，统治，掌握losecontrolof/be(go)outofcontrol失去控制e.g.Thedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.司机失去控制，车撞到了树上。incontrolof控制着，在.控制下e.g.Hewasincontrolofthecompany.他负责这间公司。beunderthecontrolof被控制着e.g.Themoneyisunderthecontrolofhim.,5.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。absorbv.吸收(液体);承受;承担(费用等)Usetheclothtoabsorbthespilledink.吸干墨水.Wewillnotabsorbthesecharges.我们不能承担这些费用.absorbin/by.吸引注意Io吸收Thebigcompanyhasgr