unit1虚拟语气

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气,陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadntcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气Letsgo.Donttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.,一.语气的分类,虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.,过去式/(were),haddone,would/could/should/might+V(原),would/could/should/might+havedone,1.过去式2.should+V.(原)3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+V.(原),一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.,要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。Ifshehadntcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.,明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.要是失败了，我会再试一次。Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.,1.如果你早来5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。,Ifyou_herefiveminutesearlier，you_thebus.,2.如果我现在不忙，我就来帮你了。,IfI_notbusy,I_younow.,3.如果明天下雪了，我们怎么办？,What_wedoifit_tomorrow?,hadgot,were,wouldhelp,should,weretosnow,wouldhavecaught,IfI_busylastnight,I_toseethefilmwithyou.,hadnotbeen,wouldhavegone,Ifhemorecarefully,hethecaraccidentyesterday.,wouldnothavehad,haddriven,IfI_(know)yourtelephonenumber,I_(telephone)youyesterday.,hadknown,wouldhavetelephoned,混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。,如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavebrokentheglass.,假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词,可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。,_sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfwereB.WereC.BeD.Is,1._hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.Awould.Bshould.Cshall.Dif.2._,mancouldnotliveatall.Awereitnotforthesun.Bifitwasforthesun.Chaditnotbeenforthesun.Difitshouldntbeforthesun.3._fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.Awouldyoube.Bshouldyoube.Ccouldyoube.Dmightyoube.,二.虚拟语气特殊句型:,1.wish的宾语从句,现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时(haddone)未来:would/could/might+V.(原)should,Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.,IwishIhadnteatensomuchfood.,IwishIwouldgrowtall.,我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。IwishIweretenyearsyoungernow.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。IwishIhadmethimyesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。IwishIwouldbeascientist.,2.wouldratherthat,现在:过去:未来:,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.IwouldratherIhadntcomeyesterday.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3.asif/though+从句,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.,他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他看上去像是醉了。Helooksasifheweredrunk.,4.Its(about/high)time+that,过去时(were)Should(不省)+V.,你该走了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,5.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。,常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,四个建议,四个要求。即1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose，recommend4).demand,require,request,desire,Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.,注意:如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。,1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalatonce.,obey,was,besent,3.Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式为(should）+动词原形order,command,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,require,desire,6.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/essential/vital/important/apity/nowonder/impossible+that从句，从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形,我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.,很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.我们有必要努力学习Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,7.虚拟语气用于Ifonly引导的感叹句中,“要是就好了”IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!,8.含蓄型虚拟:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句.otherwise,or,without,butfor,Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.(副词)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.,1.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe_.(忙)2.（下雨）allday,otherwisewecouldhavehadapicnic.,wasbusy,Itrained,9.在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor条件句的虚拟语气中。,Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.,要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp=Withoutyourhelp=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnthavesucceededintheexperiment.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.,1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.Therice_ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothavebeenburntD.wouldnotburnt3.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving,wouldntD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot,4.Iwishthatyou_.getagoodjobB.willgetagoodjobC.wouldgetagoodjobD.havegotagoodjob5.-Dontyouwanttogotoakaraokebarwithus?-IwishI_,butIhaveanappointment.A.mayB.couldC.canD.should6.-You_havesetasidemoretimetoplaywithourkids.-IwishI_,butyouknowhowbusyIwas.should;wouldB.could;didC.might;shouldD.should;had,7.Icantsendheraninvitation.IwishI_hernewaddress.A.knowB.willknowC.haveknownD.knew8.-Wouldyouliketoworkinmycompany?-Sorry,Idrather_here,butIdrathermybrother_toyourcompany.A.staying;goesB.tostay;togoC.stay;wentD.tostay;goes9.-Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?-Yes,butIdrather_it.A.notdoB.nottodoC.havenotdoneD.nothavedone,10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbreaksC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken11.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen12.Itstimewe_ourmeeting.A.mustbeginB.beginC.begunD.began,13.-Tommy,isntittimeyou_theschoolbus?-Okay,I_mybreakfast.A.shouldcatch;havealmostfinishedB.catch;willalmostfinishingC.caught;amalmostfinishingD.willcatch;almostfinish14.Everybodyhasarrived.Itstimewe_themeeting.A.wouldstartB.hadstartedC.shallstartD.started,15.Franklinlookedasthoughhe_illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeen16.Kittytalksasifshe_onthespot.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.be17.Youradvicethatshe_tillnextweekisreasonable.A.willwaitB.isgoingtowaitC.waitsD.wait,18.Wedemandedthathe_thebillbytheendofthismonth.mustpayB.payC.paidD.hadpaid19.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent_enoughfoodonthetrip.A.bringB.broughtC.wouldbringD.hadbetterbring20.Itsoneoclockinthemorni