国际货运代理英语(货代英语)forwarder-English-1-to-21

国际货运代理专业英语,UnitOne新内容InternationalTrade,(一）基本要求了解:DefinitionandImportance,BarrierstoInternationalTrade熟悉:DifferencesbetweenInternationalTradeandDomesticTrade,WTO掌握:RisksinInternationalTrade,StepsofInternationalTrade（二）考试内容：1.DefinitionandImportance2.DifferencesbetweenInternationalTradeandDomesticTrade3.RisksinInternationalTrade4.WorldTradeOrganization5.BarrierstoInternationalTrade6.StepsofInternationalTrade,2.DifferencesbetweenInternationalTradeandDomesticTrade,Internationaltradeistypicallymorecostly（成本高）thandomestictrade.(reason:additionalcostssuchastariffs,timecostsduetoboarddelaysandcostsassociatedwithcountrydifferencessuchaslanguage,thelegalsystem,culture.)Thefactorsofproduction（生产要素）aretypicallymoremobile（流动）withinacountrythanacrosscountries.(Internationaltradeismostlyrestrictedtotradeingoodsandservice).Internationaltradeisalsoabranchofeconomics,whichtogetherwithinternationalfinance,formsthelargebranchofinternationaleconomics.,3.RisksinInternationalTrade,Economicrisks(1)insolvency（破产）ofthebuyer;(2)thefailureofthebuyertopaytheamount;(3)non-acceptance;(4)exchangerate,etc.Politicalrisks(1)cancellationornon-renewalofexportorimportlicenses;(2)warrisks;(3)expropriationorconfiscationoftheimporterscompany;(4)riskoftheimpositionofanimportban（禁止进口）aftertheshipmentofthegoods;(5)transferriskimpositionofexchangecontrols（外汇管制）bytheimporterscountryorforeigncurrencyshortages;(6)influenceofpoliticalpartiesinimporterscompany.,4.WorldTradeOrganization,WTOdefinition（世贸组织）Itisbestdescribedasanumbrellaorganization（伞式组织）underwhichtheagreementsthatcameoutoftheUruguayRoundofmultilateraltradenegotiations（乌拉圭多边贸易谈判）aregathered.WTOfunctionstoimplement,administer,andcarryoutWTOAgreementanditannexes;toactasaforumforongoingmultilateraltradenegotiations;toserveasatribunalforresolvingdisputes;toreview（评价、回顾）thetradepoliciesandpracticesofmemberstates.,6.Steps（步骤）ofInternationalTradeStartingwithmarketresearchSeekingcustomersContacteachotherbysendinginquiriesStatusinquiry（询价状况）Quotationsoroffers;acceptanceornonacceptanceOrder;contractObtainingimport/exportlicense;openingL/C，receivingL/CPreparationofgoodsbythesellerInspectionorsurveyofgoodsReservingshippingspace（订舱）EffectinginsuranceCustomsclearanceShippingadviceNegotiationofexportdocumentsunderL/CbythebeneficiaryRedemptionofdocuments（赎单）underL/CCustomsclearanceforimportDeliveryofgoodsLodgingandsettlingclaims（索理赔）(ifany),UnitTwoScopeofFreightForwardingService,（一）基本要求了解：Thefreightforwardersoriginalduty熟悉：Scopeoftheforwardersservicesonbehalfoftheconsignor掌握：Scopeoftheforwardersservicesonbehalfoftheconsignee（二）考试内容1.Thefreightforwardersoriginalduty2.Scopeoftheforwardersservicesonbehalfoftheconsignor3.Scopeoftheforwardersservicesonbehalfoftheconsignee,2.Theforwardersservicesonbehalfofconsignor(exporter),Choosetheroute,modeoftransportandasuitablecarrier.Bookspacewiththeselectedcarrier.TakedeliveryofthegoodsandissuerelevantdocumentssuchastheForwardersCertificateofReceipt,（FCR收货凭证）theForwardersCertificateofTransport,（FCT运输凭证）etc.StudytheprovisionsoftheletterofcreditandallGovernmentregulationsapplicabletotheshipmentofgoodsinthecountryofexport,thecountryofimport,aswellasanytransitcountry;hewouldalsoprepareallthenecessarydocuments.,2.Theforwardersservicesonbehalfofconsignor（exporter）,Packthegoods,takingintoaccounttheroute,themodeoftransport,thenatureofthegoodsandapplicableregulations,ifany,inthecountryofexport,transitcountiesandcountryofdestination.Arrangewarehousingofthegoods,ifnecessary.Weightandmeasurethegoods.Drawtheconsignorsattentiontotheneedforinsuranceandarrangefortheinsuranceofgoods,ifrequiredbytheconsignor.Transportthegoodstotheport,arrangeforcustomsclearance,relateddocumentationformalitiesanddeliverthegoodstothecarrier.,2.Theforwardersservicesonbehalfofconsignor（exporter）,Attendtoforeignexchangetransactions,ifany.Payfeesandotherchargesincludingfreight.Obtainthesignedbillsofladingfromthecarrierandarrangedeliverytotheconsignor.Arrangefortransshipmentenrouteifnecessary.Monitorthemovementofgoodsallthewaytotheconsigneethroughcontractswiththecarrierandtheforwardersagentsabroad.Notedamagestoorlossesofthegoods,ifany.Assisttheconsignorinpursuingclaims（索赔）,ifany,againstthecarrierforlossofthegoodsorfordamagetothem.,3.Theforwardersservicesonbehalfofconsignee（importer）,Monitorthemovementofgoodsonbehalfoftheconsigneewhentheconsigneecontrolthefreight(goods).Receiveandcheckallrelevantdocumentsrelatingtothemovementofthegoods.Takedeliveryofthegoodsfromthecarrierand,ifnecessary,paythefreightcosts.Arrangecustomsclearanceandpayduties,feesandotherchargestothecustomsandotherpublicauthorities.,3.Theforwardersservicesonbehalfofconsignee（importer）,Arrangetransitwarehousing,ifnecessary.Delivertheclearedgoodstotheconsignee.Assisttheconsigneeinpursuingclaims,ifany,againstthecarrierforlossofthegoodsorfordamagetothem.Assisttheconsignee,ifnecessary,inwarehousinganddistribution.,UnitThreeIncoterms2010,（一）基本要求了解：PurposeofIncotermsandItsAmendments熟悉：FCA,CPTandCIP掌握：FOB,CFRandCIF（二）考试内容1.PurposeofIncotermsandItsAmendments2.FOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIP,1.FOB(FreeonBoard),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式FOBmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.,2.CFR(CostandFreight),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式CFRmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailintheportofshipment.Thesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.Buttheriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.TheCFRtermrequiredthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.,3.CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式、保险CIFmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailintheportofshipment.Thesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.TheCIFtermrequiredthesellertoclearthegoodsforexportThistermcanbeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.,4.FCA(FreeCarrier货交承运人),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式、交货点FCAmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoods,clearedforexport,tothecarriernominatedbythebuyeratthenamedplace.Itshouldbenotedthatthechosenplaceofdeliveryoccursatthesellerspremises,thesellerisresponsibleforloading.Ifdeliveryoccursatanyotherplace,thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransport,includingmultimodaltransport.Ifthebuyernominatesapersonotherthanacarriertoreceivethegoods,thesellerisdeemedtohavefulfilledhisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheyaredeliveredtothatperson.,5.CPT(carriagepaidto运费付至),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式CPTmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarriernominatedbyhimbutthesellermustinadditionpaythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenameddestination.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyothercostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.Thistermrequiredthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransport,includingmultimodaltransport.,6.CIP(carriageandinsurancepaidto),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式、保险CIPmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarriernominatedbyhimbutthesellermustinadditionpaythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenameddestination.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyothercostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransport,includingmultimodaltransport.,UnitFourUCP600（新内容）,（一）基本要求了解：TheStructureoftheUCP600熟悉：ReasonsforaRevision掌握：MajorChangesofUCP600（二）考试内容：1.ReasonsforaRevision2.TheStructureoftheUCP6003.MajorChangesofUCP600,1.ReasonsforaRevision,Toaddress（着重于）developmentsinthebanking,transportandinsuranceindustries.ToimprovethedraftingoftheUCPinordertofacilitateconsistentapplicationandinterpretationoftheRules.Toenhancethereputation（名誉）ofL/Cassettlementmeansofchoiceamonginternationaltraders.Toreducedocumentaryrejections.Overalleffectisoneofclarificationandconsolidation（澄清与合并）.,3.MajorChangesofUCP600,UCPdoesnotapplyunlessitisexpresslymentionedinthetextoftheL/C.Thebanksnowhaveamaximumoffivebankingdaysfollowingthedayofpresentation,andnolongerthereasonabletimenotexceeding7bankingdays.Datainadocument,whenreadincontextwiththecredit,thedocumentitselfandinternationalstandardbankingpractice,neednotbeidenticalto,butmustnotconflictwithdatainthedocument,anyotherstipulateddocumentortheL/C.（单据中内容的描述不必与信用证、信用证对该项单据的描述以及国际标准银行实务完全一致，但不得与该项单据中的内容、其它规定的单据或信用证相冲突）。UnderthenewUCP,thecommercialinvoicemustbemadeoutinthesamecurrencyastheL/C.Bs/Lmaynowallowtransshipment,providedthattheentirecarriageiscoveredbyoneandthesameB/L.,UnitFiveTermsofShipmentintheContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods,（一）基本要求了解：TermsofShipment熟悉：WaysofStipulatingTimeofShipment掌握：Interpretationoftermsandpointsofthetimeofshipmentinthecontract:（二）考试内容1.Timeofshipment2.Interpretationofterms3.Pointstonotewhenthetradersdiscussthetimeofshipmentinthecontract,1.WaysofStipulatingTimeofShipment,ShipmentonoraboutJune20,2008ShipmentnotlaterthanJuly31st,2008ShipmenttobemadeduringJune/July,2008Shipmentwithin15daysafterreceiptofremittance(汇款)Shipmentwithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C,2.Interpretationofterms,Iftheexpression“onorabout”orsimilarexpressionsareused,bankswillinterpretthemasastipulationthatshipmentistobemadeduringtheperiodfromfivedaysbeforetofivedaysafterthespecifieddate,bothenddaysincluded.Thewords“to,until,till,from,between”andwordsofsimilarexpressionsapplyingtoanydateorperiodinthecreditreferringtoshipmentwillbeunderstoodtoincludethedatementioned.,2.Interpretationofterms,Theword“beforeandafter”willbeunderstoodtoexcludethedatementioned.Theterms“firsthalf,secondhalf”ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe15th,andthe16thtothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.Theterms“beginning,middle,orend”ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe10th,the11thtothe20th,andthe21sttothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.,3.Pointstonote,(1)Theexportershouldconsiderwhetherhecangetthegoodsreadybeforetheshipmentdateandwhethertheshipisavailableifthegoodsareready.(2)Thetimeofshipmentshouldbestipulatedinaclearandflexibleway.Expressionssuchas“prompt”,“immediately”,“assoonaspossible”andthelikeshouldnotbeused.(3)Sometimes,theL/Csimplystipulatesanexpirydatewithoutashipmentdatewhichmeansthesetwodatesarethesame.,3.Pointstonote,(4)Iftheexpirydateofthecredit（信用证有效期）and/orthelastdayoftheperiodoftimeforpresentationofdocuments（交单期）stipulatedbythecreditfallsonadayonwhichthebanktowhichpresentationhastobemadeisclosed,thestipulatedexpirydateand/orthelastdayoftheperiodoftimeafterthedateofshipmentforpresentationofdocuments,asthecasemaybe,shallbeextendedtothefirstfollowingdayonwhichsuchbankisopen.,3.Pointtonote,(5)Thelatestdateforshipment（最迟装运期）shallnotbeextendedbyreasonoftheextensionoftheexpirydateand/ortheperiodoftimeafterthedateofshipmentforpresentationofdocuments.Ifnosuchlatestdateforshipmentisstipulatedinthecreditoramendments,bankswillnotaccepttransportdocumentsindicatingadateofshipmentlaterthantheexpirydatestipulatedinthecreditoramendments.,UnitSixDocumentaryCredit（新内容）,（一）基本要求了解：BasicContentsofanL/CandBasicProcedureofaDocumentaryLetterofCredit熟悉：Definition,CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C掌握：PartiestoanL/C,TypesofLettersofCredit（二）考试内容：1.Definition2.PartiestoanL/C3.BasicContentsofanL/C4.BasicProcedureofaDocumentaryLetterofCredit5.CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C6.TypesofLettersofCredit,1.Definition,Aletterofcreditisthewrittenpromiseofabank（银行书面保证文件）toactattherequestandontheinstructionsoftheapplicantandtoundertakepaymenttothebeneficiary（承诺付款给受益人）intheamountspecifiedinthecredit,providedthatthebeneficiarycomplieswiththetermsandconditionsofthecredit.,2.PartiestoanL/C,Applicant:thepartywhichappliestothebankforopeningL/C(buyerorimporter)Issuingbank:thebankthatissuesaL/CattherequestoftheapplicantAdvisingbank:thebankthatadvisesthebeneficiaryofanL/CBeneficiary:thepartyinwhosefavoranL/Cisopenedandwhichshouldcomplywiththetermsandconditionsofthecreditinordertoreceivetheproceeds(seller,exporter)Negotiatingbank:thebankthatnegotiatesthebeneficiarysdraft.Itmaybetheadvisingbankoranotherbankauthorizedtonegotiatethedocuments,5.CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C,Theissuingbankhastheprimaryliabilitiesforpayment;AnL/Cisaself-sufficientinstrument（自足文件）;Itissimplyadocumenttransaction.Therelevantpartiesdealwithdocumentsonly,ratherthanwiththegoodsorservices（银行处理的是单据，而不是单据所涉及的货物、服务）。Ifthegoodsdonotconformtothedocumentsaftertheapplicantpaystheissuingbank,theapplicantcanonlytakethismatterupwiththedefaultingparties.Ithasnothingtodowiththebank.Onthecontrary,ifthegoodsareinorder,butthedocumentarenotcorrect,theissuingbankandtheapplicanthavetherighttorefusetopaytheseller.,6.TypesofLettersofCredit,Documentarycredits(shippingdocumentsrequired)Cleancredits(光票信用证onlydraftsrequired)Irrevocabledocumentarycredits(cannotbecancelled)Confirmedcredits(confirmedbyanotherbank)Unconfirmedcredits(非保兑notconfirmedbyanotherbank)Sightcredits(effectpaymentimmediately)Timecredits(effectpaymentnotimmediately)OtherCredit：Payment（付款）credits,acceptance（承兑）credits,negotiation（议付）credits,anticipatory（预支）credit,revolving（循环）credits,transferable（可转让）credits,back-to-backcredits,etc.,Unit7ThePracticeofInternationalOceanCargoTransportation,（一）基本要求了解：Transportgeography熟悉：DifferentTypesofShippingServices掌握：ShippingDocuments（二）考试内容：1.Transportgeography2.DifferentTypesofShippingServices3.ShippingDocuments,2.DifferentTypesofShippingServices,2.1Conferencelines（班轮公会航线）(1)definitionAshippingconference（班轮公会）isagroupofshippinglinesoperatinginanyparticularrouteunderagreementtoprovidedascheduledservicewithacommontariffandafixeditineraryofportofcall.(2)purposetoeliminatepricecompetitionamongmemberlinestoreduceoutsidecompetition(3)advantagestoshippersarestabilityoffreightratesandregularityofservices.(4)disadvantagesRatesareusuallyhigh.RatesdonotfluctuateaccordingtosupplyanddemandRatesandproceduresareinflexible.,2.2Non-ConferencelinesThisisattributabletothedevelopmentofcontainerizationandemergenceofmanyindependentcarriers.2.3Non-vesseloperatingcommoncarrier(NVOCC)AnNVOCCisacarrierwhooperatesaregularscheduledservice.Hedoesnotownoroperatethevesselsbywhichseatransportationisprovided.AlthoughtheNVOCCisacarrierinhisrelationshipwiththeactualshipper,heisashipperinhisrelationshipwiththeactualcarrier.Herendersausefulservicebyprovidinggroupageorconsolidationservices,particularlytosmallshipperwhodonothavemuchbargainingpowerinnegotiatingrates.2.4Trampservice（不定期船运输）Trampservicehasnofixeditineraryorscheduleandisoperatedonanyrouteaccordingtosupplyanddemand.,3.Shippingdocuments,(1)ThebillofladingThebillofladingbyitselfisnotacontractofcarriageasitsignedonlybythecarrier.However,itprovidesevidenceofcontractofcarriage.Itservesasareceiptforgoodsdeliveredtothecarrier.Besides,thebillofladingservesasadocumentoftitleenablingthegoodstobetransferredfromtheshippertotheconsigneeoranyotherpartybyendorsement.(2)SeawaybillAseawaybillisthereplacementofthetraditionaloceanbilloflading.Thewaybillisanon-negotiabledocumentandmadeouttoaconsigneewhoisallowed,uponproductionofproperidentification,toclaimthegoodswithoutpresentingthewaybill.,3.Shippingdocuments,(3)CargomanifestAcargomanifestprovidesinformationregardingcargoonboard.Themanifestispreparedbythecarriersagentbutthefreightforwarderhavetohandleitwhiledealingwiththecustomsandportauthorities.(4)Shipping(Booking)noteAshippingnoteisissuedbytheshippertothecarrierrequestingallocationofshippingspace.Itisacommitmentonthepartoftheshippertoshipthegoodsandservesasthebasisforthepreparationofthebilloflading.,3.Shippingdocuments,(5)DeliveryorderAdeliveryorderisissuedbythecarrierorhisagenttoenabletheconsigneeorhisforwardingagenttotakedeliveryofthecargofromthevessel.(6)MatesreceiptAmatesreceiptisthereceiptissuedbythemateintheacknowledgementofthegoodsreceivedonboardwhichissubsequentlyexchangedforthebilloflading.,Unit9MarineB/L,（一）基本要求了解：ElectronicDeliveryofMarineBillsofLading熟悉：GeneralConceptofMarineBillsofLading,DrawingupMarineBillsofLading掌握：FunctionsofMarineBillsofLading,TypesofMarineBillsofLading（二）考试内容：1.GeneralConceptofMarineBillsofLading2.FunctionsofMarineB/L3.TypesofMarineBillsofLading4.DrawingupMarineBillsofLading5.ElectronicDeliveryofMarineBillsofLading,1.GeneralConceptofmarinebillsoflading,Abillofladingisadocumentwhichservesasanevidenceofthecontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseaandthetakingoverorloadingofthegoodsbythecarrier,andbasedonwhichthecarrierundertakestodeliverthegoodsagainstsurrenderingthesame.Aprovisioninthedocumentstatingthatthegoodsaretobedeliveredtotheorderofanamedperson,ortoorder,ortobearer,constitutessuchanundertaking.（提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。提单中载明的向记名人交付货物，或者按照指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。）,2.Functionsofmarinebilloflading,Itisreceiptforthegoodsshippedareceiptissuedbyacarrierthatidentifiableconsignmentofgoodshasbeenreceivedbyhimforshipment,oractuallyloadedonboardhisshipAdocumentoftitletothegoodsThepossessionofaB/Lisequivalentinlawtopossessionofthegoods.Evidenceofthetermsofthecontractofaffreightment.Thetermsofthebillofladingcontainthetermsofthecontract.,3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading,3.1OrderbillsofladingOrderbillsareissuedbythecarrierstotheorderofshipperorconsignee.Anorderbillofladingisanegotiabledocument.Orderbillsmadeouttoconsigneeorordercanbetransferredbythembyendorsement.3.2StraightbillsofladingStraightbillsofladingarethosemadeouttonamedconsigneeswithouttheadditionofthewords“ororder”.Theyarenotnegotiableandcannotbetransferredtothirdparties.Deliveryofgoods,therefore,canonlybetakenbythenamedconsignee.3.3ShippedbillsofladingShippedbillsstatedefinitelythatthegoodshavebeenloaded.Itconfirmsthatthegoodsareactuallyonboardthevessels.,3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading,3.4Receivedforship