定语从句[1]课件

Heisthetallestboyinhisclass.Theapplesherearebigandsweet.,指出下列句中的定语成分:,定语从句,什么叫定语从句?为什么要有定语从句?,形容词,修饰boy,副词，修饰apples,比较：Theapplesthatheboughtforhisdaughteronhiswaybackyesterdaywerebigandsweet.,修饰名词的成分叫定语,这里的苹果,定语从句,修饰apples,他昨天在回来的路上为他女儿买的(苹果),以句子形式作定语叫做定语从句.从句能表达一个动作概念的修饰成分,个子最高的男孩,More,定语从句,2.它的作用相当于形容词,3.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,5.从句引导词:关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as,关系副词when,wherewhy,4.关系代词和关系副词，也叫引导词.联系定语从句和先行词.充当从句中的一个句子成分,6.定语从句必须跟在先行词后面.as从句例外,基本概念:,1.修饰名词或代词或整个句子的，起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句,1.修饰名词或代词或整个句子,Thewomanisadoctor.Anyonewillbefined.Theearthprovidesuswithheatandlight,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.,_那位妇女是一位医生.,任何_人将被处罚.who从句修饰_,太阳为我们提供光和热,_.which从句修饰_,和他在谈话的,who从句修饰_,名词thewoman,who在中文中未体现,但它是从句的引导词，不可缺少,不遵守规则的,代词he,整个主句,这使得植物生长,which意为“这、这件事、这一点”,whoistalkingwithhim,whodoesntobeytherules,2.定语从句的作用相当于形容词,Thewomanwhoistalkingwithhimisadoctor.Allthatglittersisnotgold.,和他在谈话的妇女是一位医生.who部分相当于一个_,修饰,修饰,闪光的不全是金子.thatglitters相当于一个_,3.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,1.Allthatglittersisnotgold.,all被thatglitters修饰,all是先行词,2.IdontknowthegirlswhoarefromJapan.,修饰,thegirls是先行词,形容词,形容词,修饰,4.关系代词和关系副词叫做从句的引导词a.联系定语从句和先行词b.充当定语从句的一个句子成分,任何一个从句都必须有它的引导词,1.HeisthemanwhomIwanttosee.,他就是我要见的人.whom联系定语从句和theman,whom充当定语从句中see的宾语,2.Thewomanwhoistalkingwithhimisadoctor.,和他在谈话的那位妇女是一位医生.,who联系定语从句和_who充当定语从句中的_,thewoman,主语,5.从句引导词:关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as,关系副词when,wherewhy,DoyouknowthemanwhocanspeakEnglish?.,2.Thatsthewomanwhomthepolicemanislookingfor.,3.Wehavesomestudentswhoseparentsarecollegeteachers,4.Icanlendyouaboxinwhichyouputyoubooks.,5.Lastweekhereadanovelthatwasveryinteresting,6.Hestudiedhereintheyearwhenhewasonlyfifteen.,8.Idontknowthereasonwhyheisangry.,7.Hefoundhisball-penintheroomwherewehadameeting,9.Asweallknow,TaiwanisapartoftheChinesemainland.,翻译成中文,定语从句必须跟在先行词后面.as从句例外,Theypassedthevillagewherehisgrandparentslived.Abookstoreisastorethatsellsbooks.,先行词/被修饰词在前,句首,句中,句尾,Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofofChina.Taiwan,asisknowntoall,isapartofofChina.TaiwanisapartofofChina,asisknowntoall.,不要了,他们经过了住着他们祖父母的那个村庄.,汉语与英语中定语的位置正好相反,定语从句在后,书店就是售书的店.,As从句,who指人,是主格,在从句中作主语,1.Thewomanwhoistalkingwithhimisadoctor.,2.Whereisthemanwhowashere?,正在和他交谈的那位妇女是医生.,刚才在这儿的那个人现在在哪儿?,从句中作主语,从句中作主语,3.Idontknowthegirlswho_(be)fromtheNo.2middleschool.,are,who的单复数取决于先行词,whom指人,是宾格,在从句中作宾语,可以省略,1.Theyoungwriter(whom)wevisitedlastweekhasleftforParis.,who可以代替whom,也可以说:TheyoungwriterwhowevisitedlastweekhasleftforParis.,因此，此句共有三种说法,从句中作宾语,介词可以放在whom前面,这时whom不可省略,who不能做介词宾语,Thewoman(whom/who)youspoketoisourclassteacher.,Thewomantowhom/towhoyouspokeisourclassteacher.,2.Thatstheman(whom/who)youshouldpayattention(？),漏了to,(whom/who)是payattentionto的宾语,请翻译:你和她讲话的那位妇女是我们的班主任.,又如:昨天我和他一起回家的那个男孩是约翰.(五种说法),TheboywhomIwenthomewithisJohn.,TheboywithwhomIwenthomeisJohn,TheboyIwenthomewithisJohn.,TheboywhoIwenthomewithisJohn,错,to.,TheboythatIwenthomewithisJohn.that可以指人,3.Theteacheryousawhimintheparkteachesphysics.(),saw的宾语是whom,这里省略了,him多余,说出其他三种正确的说法:,whose是所有格,“的”,指人,也指物,可与ofwhich互换使用,1.Theboywhosesisterisasingersingswell.,2.Theclassroomwhosewindows(=thewindowsofwhich)facesouthislargeandbright.,那个姐姐是歌唱家的男孩歌唱的很好.指人,那个窗子朝南的教室又大又明亮.指物,又:我借了一本红封面的书.(两种说法),1.Iborrowedabookwhosecoverisred.,2.Iborrowedabookthecoverofwhichisred.,无区别,错,More1,whose+名词=the名词+ofwhich,More2,which/that指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以被省略,1.Theball-penwhich/thatliesonthedeskismine.,2.Thenecklace(which/that)shelostyesterdaywasagiftfromhermother.,3.Heshowedmethepictureswhich/that_(be)interesting.,书桌上的圆珠笔是我的.(作主语,是单数),昨天她丢失的项链是她母亲给的生日礼物.(作宾语可以省略),were,which/that指pictures因此复数,只能用which时,在介词后面,作介词宾语时只用which,Thepenwithwhichhewrotetheletterwasexpensive.,不能说withthat,只能用that时,1.代替who/whom,指人,Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?which不能指人,2.在从句中作表语,Heisnottheman(that)hewasbefore.表语时不能用who,Itwastheonlyschool(that)therewasthen.也不用which,3.Who/Which问句中不能用that,Whichisthebook(that)youboughtyesterday?who见上例,4.当先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything,littleall,much时,1.Thereislittlethattheenemycoulddobesidessurrender.,was的表语,Those_wanttogopleasestaybehind.those后只接who,who,八种情况,2.OnlyMr.Whitecouldunderstandall(that)shesaid.,比较:Shetoldusallwhatshedidduringthesummervacation.all不做先行词,是us的同位语,what引导的是宾语从句,3.Imsureshehassomething(that/which)youcanborrow.实际使用中something后面也可用which,5.当先行词any,no,all,little,every,much,some被修饰时,Alllittlenames,Ivereadallthebooksthatyoulenttome.,注意:Anyonewhosmokesontheferrywillbefined.,任何人在渡船上吸烟都将被罚款.指人时仍用who,7.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,Solvethe4,1.Thatstheverybook(that)Iwantfind.,2.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.,这正是我要找的书.,我们最后参观的地方是化工厂.,8.当先行词指人又指物时,Hetalkedabouttheteachersandtheschoolsthathehadvisited.,他谈到了他所参观的老师和学校.,Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaseverwritteninEnglish.Thatsthebestnovel(that)Iveeverread.,6.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,More,As在从句中作主语或宾语,用法一:必须与such,thesame,as,so一起连用，作主语宾语表语，as代表thesame,such,as,so开始的整个短语,1.Heisnotthesameman_heusedtobe.,2.Letchildrenreadsuchbooks_willmakethembetterandwiser.,3.Hereissobigastone_nomancanlift.,4.Asmuchmoney_isnecessarymustbecollected.,as,as,as,as,他不再是从前的那个样子了.(作表语),让孩子们读那些使他们更好更聪明的书.(作主语),这儿有块石头很大没人能举起.(作宾语),必须凑足所需的钱.(作主语),两种用法,Iwanttoborrowthesamebookasyouhave.Iwanttoborrowthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.,我想借一本和你的那本一样的书。（两本书）,我想借你昨天买的那本书。（一本书）,注意,as指蓝字部分,More,用法二:1.as从句与主句用逗号分开,指整个主句或主句的一部分,解释“这一点，这件事”2.位于句首、句中、句尾,3.as作从句的主语,宾语或表语,Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofofChina.Hewaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.Itwas,ashelateradmitted,astupidthingtodo.Hewaslateagain,asheusedtobe.,作宾语,在句首,也可以在句中、句尾,作主语,同上句,作主语,同上句,作宾语,同上句,作表语,同上句,Aswenowknowthatthemoonmakesitsjourneyinaboutthirtydays.(),As指themoondays.整个主句,在从句中做know的宾语,去掉that,加逗号,常见as从句还有:,asanybodycanseeashasbeensaidbeforeasiswellknownaswasexpectedaswehadexpectedasmaybeimagined,正如任何人都可以看出的,如上所述,众所周知,正如预料的那样,正如我们所预料的那样,正如可以想象的那样,More1,More2,when表示时间,在从句中做时间状语,先行词往往是表示时间的名词:time,hour,morning,day,week,month,year,2.ThediarywaswrittenbyJohnin1997.Intheyearhewasamiddleschoolstudent.,日记是约翰在1997年当他是一个中学生那一年写的.,when指代1997,“在那一年”,在从句中作时间状语,July1,1921wasthedaywhentheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded.,Hewasverylonelyintheweekwhenhewasleftaloneathome.,when指theday,“在那一天”,注意:when可以用介词+which来表示,Hewasverylonelyintheweek_hewasleftaloneat.,inwhich,1.July1,1921wastheday.,3.他独自一人被留在家里的那个礼拜很孤独.,OnthatdaytheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded.,合并成一句,ThediarywaswrittenbyJohnin1997whenhewasamiddleschoolstudent,Hewillneverforgettheday.OnthatdayhejoinedtheLeague.TheprofessorcamebacktoChinain1949.Themainlandhadjustbeenliberatedintheyear.,合并成一句,并改成介词+which句型,HewillneverforgetthedaywhenhejoinedtheLeague,HewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhejoinedtheLeague,TheprofessorcamebacktoChinain1949whenthemainlandhadjustbeenliberated.,TheprofessorcamebacktoChinain1949inwhichthemainlandhadjustbeenliberatedintheyear.,还有三种说法,但不如前两种好,HewillneverforgetthedaywhichhejoinedtheLeagueon.,HewillneverforgetthedaythathejoinedtheLeagueon,HewillneverforgetthedayhejoinedtheLeagueon.,注意区别:,Wewillneverforgetthedays_weworkedonthefarm.Wewillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogetheronthefarm.,when,which,when指thedays,“在那些日子里”,表示劳动的时间,which指thedays,“那些日子”,做spent的宾语,时间状语,宾语,判断标准:3.作从句的时间和地点状语用when,where,作及物动词宾语时用which,August6wastheday_shewasborninapoorfamily.August6istheday_theywillalwaysremember.,when,which,when指出生的那一天,在从句中做时间状语which作及物动词remember的宾语,3.2008istheyear_theChinesepeoplearelookingforwardto.,which,Where表示地点，在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词往往是:place,table,room,spot,house,school,country,village,city,town,street,shop,Thisisthefactorywhereweworkedlastweek.,这就是上星期我们在那儿劳动的那家工厂.,where指代thefactory,“在那儿”,在从句中作地点状语,Theteachersofficeisasmallroom.Therearesomecomputersthere.Sheisonbusinessinthatcity.Hersisterisstudyingthere.,Theteachersofficeisasmallroomwheretherearesomecomputers.,Sheisonbusinessinthecitywherehersisterisstudying.,这就是他出生的地方。在我们居住的城市里发生了巨大的变化。昨天我在上次我们见面的那个图书馆里看到了我们的班主任.,Thisistheplacewherehewasborn.,Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywherewelive.,Imetourclassteacherinthelibrarywherewemetlasttime.,Note:,Thelaboratoryistheplace_studentsdotheirexperiments.ShanghaiMuseumistheplace_wevisitedlastweek.,where,which,关系副词where意为“在那个地方”,作从句的地点状语关系代词which作及物动词visited的宾语,Ifoundthedeskintheroom_neededrepairing.Theywaitedintheroom_thereisnothingbutsomebenches,which,where,注意:where可以用介词+which来表示,Thatsthehousewherewefoundthekidnappedchild.,2.Thatsthehouseinwhichwefoundthekidnappedchild.,还可以说:(介词后移),3.Thatsthehousewhichwefoundthekidnappedchildin.,4.Thatsthehousethatwefoundthekidnappedchildin.,5.Thatsthehousewefoundthekidnappedchildin.,我们参观了约翰叔叔在那儿工作的那个农场.,WevisitedthefarmwhereJohnsuncleworked.,WevisitedthefarmonwhichJohnsuncleworked.,WevisitedthefarmthatJohnsuncleworkedon.,WevisitedthefarmJohnsuncleworkedon.,WevisitedthefarmwhichJohnsuncleworkedon.,小结,1.when,where分别在从句中引导从句、作从句的时间和地点状语,2.when,where可以用介词+which来表示，介词还可以后移,3.作从句的时间和地点状语用when,where;作及物动词宾语时用which,Theycametoaplacewherewasfoundsomepollution.Theycametoaplacewherelivedsomelocalfarmers.,错,对,引导词where不能做从句的主语，改为_,wheresomepollutionwasfound,第二句从句部分是倒装句,where是状语,somelocalfarmer是主语,Why表示原因，做原因状语先行词只有一个reason,Ishouldliketoknowthereasonwhyhechangedthisplan.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuptoolate.,我想知道他为什么改变计划的原因.,你知道他为什么迟到的原因吗?,他为什么迟到的原因是因为他起床太晚了.,注意:这一句里的“因为”不能说成because,because,填空：Thereason_wewanttoknowisnowclear.,我们想知道的理由现在清楚了.know是及物动词,that/which,that/which做know的宾语,which,which,why,改错,Thereasonwhyhewasabsentisbecausehewasill.Thereasonwhyhetolduswasunsatisfactory.Thatsthereasonthatthehorserefusedtomove.,that,that,why,填空,Hegaveusthereason_wasreasonable.Thereason_werefusedtocomewas_wewerenotwellprepared.Thereason_hetrembledwashardtoexplain.Thereason_heofferedwashardtoexplain.,why,that,when和why在口语中可以省略,where不可以省略,Besuretocallonusnexttime(when)youcometotown.Thisisoneofthereasons(why)youmayliketoeatit.,Isthewomanwhooftengivesussomekindofhelp?,(wrong),Isthewomantheonewhooftengivesussomekindofhelp?,Isthatthewomanwhooftengivesussomekindofhelp?,woman被定语从句所修饰,应为特指,加the,right/wrong?,非限制性定语从句,是对先行词的补充/附加说明,与主句用逗号分开,如果省去,主句意思仍完整,HelivesinLujiazui,whichisaboutanhoursridefromhere.,他住在陆家嘴,离这儿大约有一小时的车程(附加说明),从句修饰_,陆家嘴(名词),引导词:,非限制性定语从句中指物,用引导词which,不用that,WeallknowXuHu,whoisamodelworker.,我们都认识徐虎,他是个劳动模范,非限制性定语从句中指人,用引导词who/whom,不用that,3.TheyarrivedinShanghai,wheretheywouldstayforaweek.,who,whom,whose,which,where,as,逗号,从句省去，主句依然完整,不能理解为:离这儿大约有一小时车程的陆家嘴,非限制性定语从句的先行词多为专有名词或独一无二,WecametoSpain,whichwasabeautifulcountry.AbrahamLincoln,whowasagainstslavery,wasmurderedatatheaterin1865.I,whoamfondofswimming,gotothebeacheveryday.,Note:HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.,没到过长城的人不算是真汉子。He泛指，“任何一个”,也有用普通名词做先行词的，表示关系松散,读时停顿一下,Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.Hisdog,whichwasoldnow,becameillanddied.,亚伯拉罕林肯在一家戏院被谋杀，他反对奴隶制度。,我每天去沙滩。我喜欢游泳。,非限制性定语从句练习,他会操作电脑,这一点大家都知道.我认识李教授,她是我们的英语老师.教学大楼,也就是我们上课的地方,有四层楼高.她上课老是开小差,这使老师感到很失望.他有两个女儿,两人都在国外念书.,Hecanoperateacomputer,asisknowntoall.,IknowProfessorLi,whoisourEnglishteacher.,Theclassroom,wherewehaveourlessons,isfourstorieshigh.,Sheisoftenabsent-minded,whichmakestheteacherverydisappointed.,Hehastwodaughters,bothofwhoarestudyingabroad.,限制性与非限制性定语从句用法区别,Ihavetwosisterswhoarestillatschool.Ihavetwosisters,whoarestillatschool.,我有两个还在上学的妹妹.(不止有两个妹妹),我有两个妹妹,她们还在上学.(只有两个妹妹),Isthatthewomanwhowantstobuyyourcar?IvejustmetthatMrs.Smith,whowantstobuyyourcar.,Shesaidthathersonwouldbecomeanartist,whichIthoughtpossible.,非限制性定语从句修饰短语。限制性定语从句不行,句义不同,限制性修饰普通名词，非限制性修饰专有名词,Tomisveryactiveinsports,whichhissisterrarelyis.,非限制性定语从句修饰另一从句。限制性定语从句不行,Thehillsideswerecoveredwithtreesofredandorange,whichextendedasfarastheeyescouldsee.,Theearthmovesaroundthesun,asisknowntoall.,非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句，限制性定语从句不行,小结：非限制性定语从句与主句用_分开，引导词不能用_,从句如果省去,主句意思仍_,非限制性定语从句修饰_,_,_或_,从句引导词不能_限制性定语从句只能修饰_,逗号,thatwhy,完整,专有名词,另一从句,整个主句,短语,普通名词,Thehillsideswerecoveredwithtreesofredandorange.Theyextendedasfarastheeyescouldsee.,Combinethetwosentences:,省略,改错,Theywerestandingbesideabuildingwhichouterwallswereoriginallypaintedyellow.Irarelyknowamusicianwhosfatherisablacksmith.Isthatthewomanwhomyouguesswilltakeyourplace?Theengineerwithwhohecarriedouttheexperimentmadenoanswer.Fatheraswellashischildrenwhowasfondofsportswashavingagoodtimeonthebeach.,Return,which,whose,who,who是定语从句的引导词和宾语从句的主语,需用主格,whose,1.withwhom,2.who/whom/thatwith,3./with,who指children,应为复数,故用were,were,As的正确理解,return,当as跟着从句时,as作从句的主语,宾语或表语,代表thesame,such,as,so开始的整个名词短语,Takeasmanybooksasyouwant.Ihopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.Heisthesamemanasalwaysthinksofothersfirst.Heissotallamanascanreachthetoptheblackboard.,你想拿多少书就拿多少.,我想弄到象他在使用的一样的工具.,as在从句中作宾语,代表asmanybooks,as在从句中作主语,代表suchatool,他就是那种总是先想到他人的人.作主语,指thesameman,(略),As后接名词,代词或相当于名词的从句时,as是介词,解释“象”,Ihaveneverseensuchalazymanasyou.Thatsnotthesameaswhatislearnedinexperience.,我从没见过象你这么懒的人.,as后接代词,as是介词,suchas“象”,那跟生活经历中学到的不一样.,后接名词性从句whatislearned,as是介词,Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?Thisisthetallestbuilding_Ihaveeverseen.Whichisthebook_youboughtlastweek?Whoistheman_wecandependon?Thestudentabout_youaretalkingisgoodatmaths.Hedidntfindthebottle_coverwasred.Hetoldthemall_hehadexperiencedinAfrica.Languageisatoolbymeansof_peoplecommunicatewitheachother.Sheisthesamewoman_youtalkedaboutyesterday.Heisnotsuchaman_willleavehisworkhalfdone.,that,that,that,that,/what,that,whom,whose,which,as,/that,as,return,who,whom,whose,which,that,as综合练习,Alibraryisaplacein_alargecollectionofbooksarekeptforreadingorreference.Thedoctortriedusingantibiotics,_oftencureinfectionfollowinganoperation.Heboughtapaw-pawfruitfromabiggrocerystoreinLondon,_sellsallkindsofexoticfood.Adrugcalleddigitalis,_isstillusedfortreatingheartdiseases,originatesfromawildplants.Illneverforgettheday_IwasadmittedintotheParty.Hedidntknowthereason_theremedyworkedsofast.Therearethreemainways_infectionsspreads.Thisistheway_thehumanbodyworks.Itwasameeting_importanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.Myfather,_hadbeenonavisittoAmerica,returnedyesterday.,which,which,which,which,when,why,which,whose,who,that,11.Heswrittenabookthenameof_Ivecompletelyforgotten.12.Itsafamilyofeightchildren,allof_arestudyingmusic.13.Hesdrivingacar_cantravelat150milesanhour.14.Hetriedtostandonhishandsforfiveminutes,_isratherdifficultformostofus.15.Therewasacertainoldmaninthevillage,_noneofusliked.16.All_glittersisnotgold.17.Canyousuggestanothertime_itwillbeconvenientforme?18.Wehadameetingthepurposeof_wascompletelyunclear.19.Shesmarriedtoamillionaireof_youmayhaveheard:hisnameisJohnson.20.Hemaybeill,in_caseweoughttoexcusehim.,which,whom,which,which,whom,that,when,which,which,whom,21.Withinaperiodoffiftyyears,airplaneswereinventedandimprovedtoapoint_airtravelwascommonplace.22.Itwouldbeaperiod_manysunspotsandsolarflareswouldoccur.23.Thetimewillcome_mancanflytoouterspacefreely.24.Thereason_awholeroomcanbewarmedisbecauseofthehotair.26.Theoffices,laboratory,andthemuseumaresituatedatthetopofthehill_theycommandafineview.27.ThepainterlivedmorethanadecadeinEurope,_hecouldbeinclosecontactwithothercubists.28.Theseventeenthcenturywasonein_manysignificantadvancesweremadeinbothscienceandphilosophy.29.Istherenooneamongyouto_Icanturntoforadviceandcomfort?30.TheTartarchiefcontrolsathousandmen,allof_mustobeyhisordersinbothwarandpeace.,where,when,when,why,where,when,when,whom,whom,InSwedenallrealestatebelongstotheCrown,andthereisnosuchthing_privateland.Itisthespiritofsuchmen_CaptainSmiththatmakesmeawarethatflyingisamenduringmiracleandjoy.33.Haveyouboughtthesamedictionary_Ireferredtoyesterday.34.Thereisnoone_loveshismother.35.Hereturnedhomemuchearlier_wasexpected.36.Nobodyknowsexactly_theChinesepeopleinventedgunpowder.37.EllisHaizlipbeganhisstagecareerinWashington,D.C.,_hesupervisedtheHowardUniversityPlayersduringtheirsummerseason.38.Herdoctor,_officewasnewlydecorated,startedtochargehigherfees.39.Thattree,_branchesarealmostbare,isaveryoldone.40.Heisamodestperson,_thebroad-mindedmenareapttobe.41.Heisagoodleader,_isclearfromhismanner.,Theexhibition_myfriendtookmetoseewasnotveryinteresting.Theheadmasterspoketotheboys_workwasbelowstandard.Thegarage_themanagersofthecompanyparktheircarsisveryexpensive.Icantlendyoutheonlydictionary_Ihave.Thevillagechurch,in_weweremarried,wasbuiltin1460.47.Ourdog,_isusuallyveryquiet,bitthepostman.48.Ourcentrallaboratory_youwilldoscientificexperimentsisontheleft.49.Wehavealtogetherthreeteachinghospitals,oneof_isacrossthestreetandtheothertwoareinthesuburbs.50.Ahospitalaffiliatedtoamedicalcollegeiscalledateachinghospital,_medicalstudentsgoforclinicalpractice.51.Worldtradepatternsareindicativeoftheimportanteconomicissues_confronttheworldtoday.52.EarlyformsoflifeonEarth,_livedintheabsenceofoxygen,requiredelementssuchassulfurinstead.,Thedigestiveenzymepepsinbreaksdownproteinsintocomponents_canbereadilyabsorbedbythehumanbody.Thedecibelisaunit_expressestheratioofthemagnitudeoftwoelectricvoltages.55.Thescienceofhorticulture,in_theprimaryconcernsaremaximumyieldandsuperiorquality,utilizesinformationderivedfromothersciences.56.Sturgeonsareprizedfortheirblackishroe,_whensaltedandservedasanappetizeriscalledcaviar.57.OfthethousandsofvarietiesofbirdspeciesinNorthAmerica,those_havebrightredplumage,likethecardinal,aremostoftendesignatedasstatebird.58.Despiteitswiderangeofstylesandinstrumentation,countrymusichascertaincommonfeatures_giveititsownspecialcharacter.59.Noiseinaroommaybereducedbycarpeting,draperiesandupholsteredfurniture,allof_absorbsound.60.Theblack-billedcuckoohasbeenknowntostealeggs_belongtootherbirds