Reading(1)：Thefirstundergroundintheworld

Unit4Publictransport,Reading,Variousmeansoftransportation,Lead-in,Q:Amongallthesetransportationmeansmentionedabove,whichcanyoutakeinourcity?zXxKQ:Haveyouevertriedothermeanswhichdonotexistinourcity?Q:Isthereanyundergroundrouteinourprovince?,WhenwetalkaboutLondon,whatwillyouthinkabout?,SomeScenerySpotsinBritain,BigBen,LondonTower,BuckinghamPalace,TheCityofFog,SomeoutstandingpeoplezXxK,DavidBeckham,QueenElizabeth,WhenvisitingLondon,youcan,Oldfashionedtaxicab,Two-storybus,Theoldestandthebestundergroundsystemintheworld:zXxK,Fastreadingforgeneralideas:1.Whenwasthefirstundergroundsystemopened?2.WhywastheVictoriaLineimportant?3.WhatdidCharlesHoldendo?,Checkyouranswers:1.Whenwasthefirstundergroundsystemopened?In1863.2.WhywastheVictoriaLineimportant?Becauseitlinkedwithotherlinesatalmosteverystation,makingthesystemmoreuser-friendly.3.WhatdidCharlesHoldendo?Heisthearchitectthatdesignedmanyofthenewstationsbuiltbetween1918and1938.Manyofthestationsarestillinusetoday.,Detailedreadingforimportantinformation,(1)WhywasanundergroundsystemfirstdevelopedinLondon?MostrailwaytracksdidnotgointotheLondoncitycentre,sobuseswererequired.Thisincreasedtrafficontheroad.Theundergroundsystemtransportedmorepeoplewithoutincreasingtrafficontheroad.(2)WhatwastheLondonUndergroundlikein1863?Thecarriagesdidnothavewindowsandwerepulledbysteamenginesthroughnarrowtunnels.,(3)WhatdidCharlesYerkesdotoimprovetheunderground?HeboughtmanyofthedifferentlinesandsetuptheUndergroundGroup.(4)Whataresomeofthedifferentthingsthattheundergroundhasfunctionedas?Theundergroundhasfunctionedasabombshelter,anaeroplanefactory,ananti-aircraftcentreandmeetingroomsforthegovernmentadministration.,(5)WhathappenedtotheLondonUndergroundafterWorldWarII?AfterWorldWarII,morelineswereaddedbecausemorepeopletraveledontheunderground.(6)Whatdoesitmeanwhenthebrochuresaysthattheundergroundsystemisuser-friendly?Itmeansthatmanyofthelinesarelinkedatmanystations.Therefore,itisveryconvenientforriderstogotodifferentplacesinthecityfromanystation.,Listentothetapeandfindtheinformationtomatchtheyear.,Gothroughthepassageagainandfindouthowmanypartsthepassagecanbedividedinto.,Languagepoints,Payattentiontothelanguagepointsinthetext.,1.distant:adj.farawayinthedistantpast/future:farawayinthepastorfuture:distance:nounCorUtheamountofspacebetweentwoplaces:Hetravelsquiteadistance(=alongway)toworkeveryday.Doesshelivewithinwalkingdistanceofherparents?,ThefacesoffourfamousAmericanpresidentsonMountRushmorecanbeseenfroma_of60miles.A.lengthB.distanceC.wayD.space,2.choke:nounCv.窒息；堵塞；阻塞1)Thechildswallowedapenandchockedtodeath.2)Theroadstothecoastwerechokedwithtraffic.3)Atlunchtimethestreetswerechokedwithtraffic.4)Childrencanchokeonpeanuts.引申：chockback忍住，抑制chockup因激动等说不出话来,典型题例,Duringtherushhourstheroadsareusually_upwithtraffic.A.chockedB.crowdedC.blockedD.checked,3.link:verbTtomakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorepeople,thingsorideas:1)Theexplosionsarenotthoughttobelinkedinanyway.linkup:toformaconnection,especiallyinordertoworkoroperatetogether:2)Theorganizationsaimistolinkuppeoplefromalloverthecountrywhoaresufferingfromthedisease.3)Theylinkeduptwoareasbytelephone.用法拓展:beconnectedwith与相接，和有联系,4.honor:aqualitythatcombinesrespect,prideandhonesty:amanofhonorWefoughtforthehonorofourcountry.nounCareward,prizeortitlethatpubliclyexpressesadmirationorrespect:Shereceivedanhonorforherservicestothecommunity.inhonorofsb./sth.inordertocelebrateorshowgreatrespectforsomeoneorsomething:abanquetinhonorofthepresident,Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas_it.A.infavorofB.inmemoryofC.inhonorofD.insearchof,5.permit:verb-tt-Ttoallowsomething:Theregulationsdonotpermitmuchflexibility.+ingformofverbTheprisonauthoritiespermitvisitingonlyonceamonth.+object+toinfinitiveThesecuritysystemwillnotpermityoutoenterwithoutthecorrectpassword.,6.order:nounU顺序inorderof:以的顺序outoforder:杂乱无序Thechildrenlinedupinorderofage/height.IcantfindthefileIneedbecausetheyrealloutoforder(=theyarenolongerarrangedinthecorrectway).Putthefilesinalphabeticalorder.,Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyoutof_.A.dateB.shapeC.orderD.balance,7.referto:phrasalverb1totalkorwriteaboutsomeoneorsomething,especiallybriefly提到，谈到Inherautobiographysheoccasionallyreferstoherunhappyschooldays.2Ifwritingorinformationreferstosomeoneorsomething,itrelatestothatpersonorthing:涉及到，与某人或某事相关Thenewsalaryscaleonlyreferstocompanymanagersanddirectors.,_hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where,8.discount:nounCareductionintheusualprice:折扣Theyusuallygiveyouadiscountifyoubuymultiplecopies.Theyoffera10percentdiscountonrailtravelforstudents.atadiscount:打折,典型题例Theysellthesweater_adiscountof30percent.A.onB.forC.atD.with,Consolidationexercises,TheLondonundergroundsystemhasthe(1)_ofbeingtheoldestandmostcomplexundergroundsystemintheworld.Before1850,trainservicestoLondonhadalreadybeen(2)_,butpeoplecouldntbuildrailwaysintothecitybecausedoingthatwouldcausegreat(3)_tomanyhistoricbuildings.,distinction,developed,damage,Somanybuseswereneededto(4)_peopletothecitycentre,which,however,often(5)_traffic.Thisproblemledtothedevelopmentoftheundergroundsystem.In1854,MetropolitanRailwayCompanywasallowedtobuildanundergroundrailwayandthefirsttunnelswereopenedin1863.In1868,thenext(6)_oftheundergroundsystemwasopenedbyanothercompanycalledtheMetropolitanDistrictRailway.,transport,chokedoff,section,In1884,thesetwocompanies(7)_andprovidedtheundergroundserviceinthemiddleofthecity.Withthedevelopmentofthe(8)_waysofdiggingtunnels,thefirstrailwaytunnelundertheRiverThameswasdugin1884,andoverthenext25years,six(9)_deepundergroundlinesweremade.Butbecausetheywere(10)_ownedandfarawayfromeachother,travelingontheselineswas(11)_,linkedup,advanced,independent,separately,inconvenient,Havingseenthesituation,CharlesYerkes,triedtoimprovethesystem.Heboughtmanyofth