大学英语第四册的第.ppt

1.Warm-upQuestions,2.BackgroundInformation,3.WhiteLies,Collegeenglish(thirdedition)bookfourintensivereading,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,ThreeTypesofDoctors,4.IntroductoryRemarks,AboutMedicine,AboutDoctors,OtherMedicalWorkers,DefinitionofaWhiteLie,PairWorkonWhiteLies,UNIT5Tolieornottolie-TheDoctorsDilemma,Name:杨立文StudentNumber:0903010302Class:093Major:English,BeforeReading_1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Warm-upQuestions,1.2.3.,Haveyoueverbeentohospital?Whatdidyouthinkofthedoctorsattitude?Haveyoueverthoughtofbeingadoctor?Whyorwhynot?Supposeyouareseriouslyill,doyouwantthedoctortotellyouthetruthornot?Why?,BeforeReading_1_aboutMedicine,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,AboutMedicine,Medicineisthepracticeofmaintainingofhealthandpreventing,alleviating,orcuringofdisease.WHO,ortheWorldHealthOrganization,declaredthathealthis“astateofcompletephysical,mentalandsocialwell-being,andnotmerelytheabsenceofdisease”.Obviouslythegoalofmedicineistomaintainhealth.,BeforeReading_1_aboutdoctors,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,AboutDoctors,Doctorsrefertophysiciansandothermedicalhealers.IntheUnitedStatestheyarecalledhealthcareprofessionals,whichincludephysicians,surgeons,dentists.Mostofthemworkinhealthcareservices,whichinvolvediagnosingandtreatingpatients.Othersworkmainlyinresearching,teaching,oradministrationofmedicalfacilities.,BeforeReading_1_Threetypesofdoctors,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,ThreeTypesofDoctors,Generalpractitioners:,(全科医生)Theymaynothavespecialtraininginanyparticularmedicalfield,butdevelopsawideknowledgeofallkindsofillness.,Specialists:,(专家，专科医生)Somedoctorsprefertotreatonlycertainkindsofillness,thusbecomingspecialistsintheirchosenfield.,BeforeReading_1_threetypesofdoctors2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Researchers:,(医学研究人员)Thosedoctorsoftenhelpteachfuturephysiciansinmedicalschools.Atthesametime,theyusethelaboratoriesandhospitalfacilitiesofthemedicalschoolstoconductresearchprograms.,BeforeReading_1_othermedicalworkers,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,OtherMedicalWorkers,Physician,内科医生,Surgeon,外科医生,BeforeReading_1_othermedicalworkers,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,OtherMedicalWorkers,Dentist,牙医,Intern,Resident,ChiefResident,实习医生，住院医生，住院总医师,Nurse,HeadNurse,护士，护士长,BeforeReading_1_othermedicalworkers,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,OtherMedicalWorkers,Veterinarian(Vet),兽医,Quack,江湖游医,Awhitelieisaliethatisconsideredtobejustified,orevenpraiseworthy,ifitisintheinterestsofthepersonorpeopletowhomitistold.Quiteoften,adoctorslieisthoughttobeacaseinpoint.,BeforeReading_lies,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,DefinitionofaWhiteLie,1.Compilealistofsituationsinwhichyouthinkawhiteliewouldbejustified.2.Recalloccasionsonwhichyouhavetoldawhitelieandexplainwhyitwasjustified.3.Discussaboutthewould-bebenefitsandwould-becostsaboutwhitelies.,BeforeReading_Iies,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,PairWorkonWhiteLies,BeforeReading_India_introductoryremarks,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,IntroductoryRemarks,Whentreatingseriouslyillpatients,manydoctorsthinkthatitisbestnottotellthemthetruthabouttheircondition.Thesedoctorssincerelybelievethattheyhavegoodreasonstotellliesforthepatientsownbenefit.,Buttheauthorofthisarticletakesadifferentviewonthisissue.Shegivesseveralreasonswhypatients,especiallythosewhoaredying,shouldbetoldthetruth.Shealsodiscussesthegreatharmdoctorsliesdonotonlytotheirpatients,butalsotothedoctorsthemselvesandtotheentiremedicalprofession.Andinthelastparagraphofthearticle,theauthorurgesthatanopendebatebeheldonthisissue.,GlobeReading_main,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,1.PartDivisionoftheText,2.GroupPresentation,3.FurtherUnderstanding,ForPart1,ForPart2,BlankFilling,MultipleChoice,TrueorFalse,ForPart3,GlobeReading._QuestionsAbouttheText1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,PartDivisionoftheText,MainIdeas,Lines,Parts,1,126,2,2755,3,5671,Doctorsreasonsfortellinglies,Theauthorsreasonswhypatientsshouldbetoldthetruth,Theauthorurgesthatanopendebatebeheldonthisissue.,AfterReading_4,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,GroupPresentation,1)DoctorsreasonsfortellingliesLiesmaybenefitLiesmayhelpspeedSuchliesdifferTheseriouslyilldontwanttoknowTellingthemthetruthrisksAfterlearningthetruthoftheircondition,patientsmaymoreslowlyorfaster,perhapsevenwill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.,Dividetheclassintotwogroups.Askthefirstgrouptogooverthefirstpartofthetextandfindoutthereasonswhysomedoctorstellliestotheirseriouslyillpatientsandaskthesecondgrouptogooverthesecondpartofthetextandlookfortheauthorsreasonswhypatientsshouldbetoldthetruth.,thepatient,_.,recovery,_.,sharplyfromself-servingones,_.,thetruthabouttheircondition,_.,destroyingtheirhope,_.,recover,_,deteriorate,_,commitsuicide,_.,Deceptivepractices,_,Evidenceisnowbeingprovidedthatitisthatliescanbehelpful.StudiesshowthatanoverwhelmingmajorityofdowanttobetoldthetruthandthattheyfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenkeptTruthfulinformation,helpspatientsillness.Ithelpsthembetter,needlessmedicine,andevenaftersurgery.Liesinvadetheandrenderthemmakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth.DyingpatientswhoareliedtoabouttheirconditioncantLiesalsodoharmtodoctorsandtheirLiesalsothosedoctorswhoareLiestheentire,AfterReading_4,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,2)Theauthorsreasonswhypatientsshouldbetoldthetruth,untrue,_,patients,_,inthedark,_.,humanelyconveyed,_,copewith,_,toleratepain,_,recoverfaster,_,autonomyofpatients,_,unableto,_,makedecisionsabouttheendoflife,_.,integrity,_,credibility,_.,hurt,_,honestwiththeirpatients,_.,injure,_,medicalprofession,_.,1.Theauthorwantstotellusinthispart_.A)whydoctorsdontalwaystellthetruthB)thebenefitsofnotknowingtheseriousnessofanillnessC)whysometimesdoctorslieespeciallytoseriouslyillpatientsD)tohavearoutinephysicalcheckup,GlobeReading._multiple1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,MultipleChoice,GlobeReading_multiple2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,2.Somedoctorspracticedeceptionbecausetheybelievethat_.A)tellingthepatientsthetruthmaydestroytheirhopeofrecoveryB)theirliesareabsolutelydifferentfromself-servingonesC)theseriouslyilldontwanttoknowthetruthabouttheirconditionD)alloftheabove,3.Studiesshowthatdoctorsdeceptionabouttheseriousnessofanillness_.A)maydestroythepatientshopeofrecoveryB)makeapatientrecoverfasterC)makeapatientcommitsuicideD)makeapatientfeelbetter,GlobeReading_multiple3,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,4.Patientsmosteasilymisledarethosewhoare_.A)goingtobeoperatedonB)dyingC)justenteringhospitalD)recoveringslowly,GlobeReading._trueorfalse,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,TrueorFalse,Peoplehavefullyunderstoodtheharmfulnessofdoctorsdeception.,Truthfulinformation,properlyexpressed,canhelppatientsdealwithillnessbetter.,Intheauthorseyes,itisnotsuchabadthingsometimeswhenpatientsarenottoldthetruth.,1.,2.,3.,F,(),Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.,T,(),F,(),Wearebecomingincreasinglyawareofallthatcanbefallpatientsinthecourseoftheirillnesswheninformationisdeniedordistorted.,GlobeReading._trueorfalse,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Liesonlydoharmtoseriouslyillpatients.,4.,F,(),Liesnotonlydoharmtopatients,butalsotothosewhotellthem.,T,Doctorsdeceptiontopatientscontributestothespiraloflawsuits.,(),5.,GlobeReading._blankfilling,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,BlankFilling,Sharpconflictsarenowarising.Patientsarelearningtoanswersfromdoctorsandtheyrequirethattheyshouldbeinformedaboutfortreatment.Thoughmostdoctorstoprovidetrueinformationtotheirpatients,somearestilltryingpractices.ItisespeciallydifficultfornursestoonthisissuebecausetheyfeelTheauthorasksforanopenaboutthisissuenotonlyinmedicinebutalsoinother.Manydoctorshavetoavoidtheseriousthroughdeception.Eventuallylieswillspreadandtrust.Sothepublicshouldbeprofessionaldeception.,Listentothefollowingparagraphfromthetextandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.,Directions:,pressfor,_,alternatives,_,gotogreatlengths,_,age-old,_,takeastand,_,powerless,_.,debate,_,professions,_,erode,_,waryof,_,consequences,_,Article_S,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Isiteverproperforamedicaldoctortolietohispatients?Shouldhetellapatientheisdying?Thesequestionsseemsimpleenough,butitisnotsosimpletogiveasatisfactoryanswertothem.,Article1_S,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatientstospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy;toexposecorruptionortopromotethepublicinterest.,ToLieorNotToLieTheDoctorsDilemmaSisselaBok,Article2_S,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupjustbeforegoingonvacationwithhisfamilywho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancerthatwillcausehimtodiewithinsixmonths?Isitbesttotellhimthetruth?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctorsdenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Shouldtheyatleastconcealthetruthuntilafterthefamilyvacation?,Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatientsownsake;intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.,Article3_S,Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruthssake,andthatisasfaraspossibledonoharm.”Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.Theymayprescribeinnumerableplacebos,soundmoreencouragingthanthefactswarrant,anddistortgravenews,especiallytotheincurablyillandthedying.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Article4_S,Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness:helpsthemtoleratepainbetter,needlessmedicine,andevenrecoverfasteraftersurgery.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Notonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception;theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth,includingthechoiceofwhethertobeapatientinthefirstplace.Wearebecomingincreasinglyawareofallthatcanbefallpatientsinthecourseoftheirillnesswheninformationisdeniedordistorted.,Article5_S,Dyingpatientsespeciallywhoareeasiesttomisleadandmostoftenkeptinthedarkcanthennotmakedecisionsabouttheendoflife:aboutwhetherornottheyshouldenterahospital,orhavesurgery;aboutwhereandwithwhomtheyshouldspendtheirremainingtime;abouthowtheyshouldbringtheiraffairstoacloseandtakeleave.Liesalsodoharmtothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.Lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.Thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarescrupulouslyhonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine”,andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Article6_S,Sharpconflictsarenowarising.Patientsarelearningtopressforanswers.Patientsbillsofrightsrequirethattheybeinformedabouttheirconditionandaboutalternativesfortreatment.Manydoctorsgotogreatlengthstoprovidesuchinformation.Yeteveninhospitalswiththemosteloquentbillofrights,believersinbenevolentdeceptioncontinuetheirage-oldpractices.Colleaguesmaydisapprovebutrefrainfromobjecting.Nursesmaybitterlyresenthavingtotakepart,dayafterday,indeceivingpatients,butfeelpowerlesstotakeastand.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Article7_S,Thereisurgentneedtodebatethisissueopenly.Notonlyinmedicine,butinotherprofessionsaswell,practitionersmayfindthemselvesrepeatedlyindifficultywhereseriousconsequencesseemavoidableonlythroughdeception.Yetthepublichaseveryreasontobewaryofprofessionaldeception,forsuchpracticesarepeculiarlylikelytobecomedeeplyrooted,tospread,andtoerodetrust.Neitherinmedicine,norinlaw,government,orthesocialsciencescantherebecomfortintheoldsaying,“Whatyoudontknowcanthurtyou.”,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Article1_w,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatientstospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy;toexposecorruptionortopromotethepublicinterest.,ToLieorNotToLieTheDoctorsDilemmaSisselaBok,Article2_w,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupjustbeforegoingonvacationwithhisfamilywho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancerthatwillcausehimtodiewithinsixmonths?Isitbesttotellhimthetruth?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctorsdenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Shouldtheyatleastconcealthetruthuntilafterthefamilyvacation?,Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatientsownsake;intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.,Article3_w,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruthssake,andthatisasfaraspossibledonoharm.”Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.Theymayprescribeinnumerableplacebos,soundmoreencouragingthanthefactswarrant,anddistortgravenews,especiallytotheincurablyillandthedying.,Article4_w,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness:helpsthemtoleratepainbetter,needlessmedicine,andevenrecoverfasteraftersurgery.,Notonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception;theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth,includingthechoiceofwhethertobeapatientinthefirstplace.Wearebecomingincreasinglyawareofallthatcanbefallpatientsinthecourseoftheirillnesswheninformationisdeniedordistorted.,Article5_w,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Dyingpatientsespeciallywhoareeasiesttomisleadandmostoftenkeptinthedarkcanthennotmakedecisionsabouttheendoflife:aboutwhetherornottheyshouldenterahospital,orhavesurgery;aboutwhereandwithwhomtheyshouldspendtheirremainingtime;abouthowtheyshouldbringtheiraffairstoacloseandtakeleave.Liesalsodoharmtothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.Lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.Thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarescrupulouslyhonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine,”andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.,Article6_w,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Sharpconflictsarenowarising.Patientsarelearningtopressforanswers.Patientsbillsofrightsrequirethattheybeinformedabouttheirconditionandaboutalternativesfortreatment.Manydoctorsgotogreatlengthstoprovidesuchinformation.Yeteveninhospitalswiththemosteloquentbillofrights,believersinbenevolentdeceptioncontinuetheirage-oldpractices.Colleaguesmaydisapprovebutrefrainfromobjecting.Nursesmaybitterlyresenthavingtotakepart,dayafterday,indeceivingpatients,butfeelpowerlesstotakeastand.,Article7_w,But,youmayask,whyiswritingnecessary?Well,thephysicalactofwriting,withyourownhand,bringswordsandsentencesmoresharplybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory.Tosetdownyourreactiontoimportantwordsandsentencesyouhaveread,andthequestionstheyhaveraisedinyourmind,istopreservethosereactionsandsharpenthosequestions.Youcanpickupthebookthefollowingweekoryear,andthereareallyourpointsofagreement,disagreement,doubtandinquiry.Itslikeresuminganinterruptedconversationwiththeadvantageofbeingabletopickupwhereyouleftoff.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Article8_w,Andthatisexactlywhatreadingabookshouldbe:aconversationbetweenyouandtheauthor.Presumablyheknowsmoreaboutthesubjectthanyoudo;naturallyyoullhavetheproperhumilityasyouapproachhim.Bu