2012年中考英语语法复习

中考语法专项复习,代词,中考语法专项复习,代词,人称代词：主格、宾格,不定代词,物主代词：形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,疑问代词,一、人称代词：主格和宾格主格宾格第一人称单数Ime（我）复数weus（我们）第二人称单数youyou（你）复数youyou（你们）第三人称单数he/she/ithim/her/it复数theythem（他们）用法：1。主格+动词+宾格eg:Ihelphimandhehelpsme2.介词后用宾格eg:Someofthemlikeplayingfootball.,3.人称的排列：二，三，一(单数）一，二，三（复数）eg:you,heandI(你，他，我）we,youandthey(我们，你们，他们）Ex：MissZhangteaches_math.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours2._likeplayingsoccerwith_.A.Them,meB.They,IC.They,meD.Them,I3.Tomisanewstudent._knewnoneof_.A.He,usB.He,weC.Him,usD.His,we4.Youcansitbetween_.A.heandIB.himandmeC.meandhim5._allcomehereearly.A.ThemB.SheC.WeD.Us,BCABC,1._amastudent.Jimismybrother._isastudent,too.Bothof_likeEnglish.2.MaryisanEnglish._teachesusEnglish.3.Hismotherasked_tolookafterhissister.4._arestudents.So_muststudyhard(我们）5.Canyoulookafter_?（他们）6.Myfatherisverykind._likestalkingto_（我们）.7.DoyouknowwhereLucyandLilyare._（我）cantfind_（他们）8._amhere.Canyousee_（我）?9.Does_（她）like_（它）?10._(他)playsbasketballbetterthan_(我）,IHeusShehimWewethemHeusIthemImesheitHeme,二、物主代词：“的”形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数mymine（我的）复数ourours（我们的）第二人称单数youryours（你的）复数youryours（你们的）第三人称单数his/her/itshis/hers/its（他的）复数theirtheirs（他们的）用法：形容词性物主代词+名词Eg:Thisismybook=ThebookismineThatisyourpen,mineisinmybag.,Ex.Sheisastudent._nameisLucy.A.HerB.HersC.HisD.He2.Whosephotoisthis?Its_A.herB.myC.mineD.me3.Isthis_book?No,its_.A.your,hisB.his,herC.hers,his4.Wecanput_bikeshere.A.usB.oursC.ourD.themYouhave_ticket.welost_.A.your,ourB.your,oursC.your.Us6.Thisis_pencil.Thatis_.A.his,herB.him,herC.my,hisD.his,me,ACACBC,7._roomisbetterthan_.A.They,usB.Their,ourC.Their,ours8.Isthis_sister?No,Sheis_sister.A.your,hisB.your,mineC.his,mine9.Sheis_Englishteacher.Sheteaches_well.A.our,oursB.our,usC.their,they10.Must_goto_officenow?A.we,hisB.he,youC.they,yours11.Youmustbring_notebooktotheschool.A.youB.yourC.yours12.Theredbagis_._iswhite.A.his,MineB.him,MyC.mine,Him13.Can_use_bike?A.I,youB.I,yourC.me,your,CABABAB,三、反身代词：。自己第一人称单数myself（我自己）复数ourselves（我们自己）第二人称单数yourself（你自己）复数yourselves（你们自己）第三人称单数himself/herself/itself(他自己）复数themselves(他们自己）用法：与主语的人称一致Eg:IcanteachmyselfEnglish.Weenjoyedourselves.,常用词组：Helponeselftosth请自便/别客气Pleasehelpyourselftotheapple.Youcanhelpyourselvestothecake,children.2.enjoyoneself玩得开心Heenjoyedhimselfyesterday.teachoneselfsth=learnsthbyoneself自学WecanteachourselvesEnglish.=WecanlearnEnglishbyourselves.lookafteroneself照顾自己Theycanlookafterthemselves.5.leaveonebyoneself把某人单独留下ShecantleaveTombyhimself.6.byoneself靠自己7.dressoneself自己穿衣服,Ex.Lucy,canyoudoitby_?Mymothersaidshecouldlookafter_.Wemustfinishitby_.Theycametoseethehouse_yesterday.Lileicandress_andwash_.Myparentsenjoy_everyday.Didhehurt_?Youcanpicktheappleby_,John.MissLiutaught_Japanese.Thetwinscorrectthemistakesby_.Whoteaches_English?Heteaches_.A.himself,himselfB.him,himselfC.his,himself,yourselfherselfourselvesthemselveshimselfhimselfthemselveshimselfyourselfherselfthemselvesB,四、指示代词1、指示代词的形式：单数：this,that复数：these,those如：Thisismywatch.Thatishiswatch.Thesearemybooks.Thosearehisbooks.2、打电话时，常用“that”询问对方是“谁”，用“this”介绍自己。如：-Hello,IsthatLucy?-Hello,thisisLucy.,五、不定代词1.常见的不定代词有：some,any,one,each,every,no,none,all,both,either,neither,many,much,afew,alittle,other,another,theother等2.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody,everything,everyone,everybody等不定代词时，放在后面。如：Isthereanythingimportantintodaysnewspaper?Thereisnothingwrongwithyourbike.,六、疑问代词指人：who,whom,whose，which指物：what,which指时间：when指地点：whereEg:Whoareyoutalkingto?Whosebookisthis?Wherehaveyoubeen?,七、it的用法1、指时间、天气或距离等如：Itseightoclocknow.Itstimeforclass.Itsgettinghotterandhotter.Itsfivemilesfrommyhometoschool.2、指谈话双方都知道的或都不知道的人或事如：-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-ItmustbeLilei.Hesaidhewouldcometonight.-Whoisit?-Itsme.3、做形式主语或形式宾语如：ItsveryimportanttostudyEnglishwell.Wefoundithardtofinishtheworkontime.,1.adj修饰不定代词时,形容词要放在不定代词的后面eg,somethingdifferentnothinginteresting2.many+可数名词eg,manybooks/pens/peoplemuch+不可数名词eg,muchwater/money/milk3.all是在三者或三者以上eg,Lily,LucyandIareallstudents.Weallstandhere.,当表示两者都用botheg,LilyandLucyarebothclever.MysisterandIbothgotoschool.4.little和alittle,few和afewalittle+不可数名词一点点,肯定little+不可数名词几乎没有,否定eg,Thereis_meatinthefridge.Letsgoandgetsome.Iamverythirsty.Luckily,thereis_teaintheteapot.IhavelearnedEnglishforoneyear.Icanspeak_now.,littlealittlealittle,5,every和each后都可以接单数可数名词eg,every/eachteacher但each则是指两者或两者以上中的每一个，且可用于eachof结构，every表示三个或三个以上中的每一个，且不可以用of结构.eg,Everyboyhasabike.-Eachboyhasabike.-Eachoftheboyshasabike.eg,on_sideofthestreet,6,some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句eg,Thereissomewaterinthecup,butnotanymilk.Isthereanynewstoday?,each,但在疑问句中，当说话者希望对方做肯定回答时要用some,而不是anyeg,-MayIhavesomepaper,please?-Sure.Hereyouare.7,either:任意一个（两个中选一个）eg,-Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?-Eitherisok,Idontmind.构成eitheror词组或者或者Eitheryouoryourbrotherishere.-Eitheryourbrotheroryouarehere.Eitheryouoryourbrotherworkshere.-Eitheryourbrotheroryou_here.,work,neither（两个中）一个都没有-Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?-Neither.Ilikeorangejuice.neithernor既不、也不、NeitheryounoryourbrotherisinRow3.-NeitheryourbrothernoryouareinRow3Neitherhenorhissistershaveacar.-Neitherhissistersnorhe_acar.,has,none表示三个或三个以上中一个都没有，常用于of结构eg,Everypersonsawthecat,but_ofthemgavesomefoodtoit.,none,8,another:另一个,单数可数名词other:另外的，其余的+复数名词,泛指theother:另外的，其余的+复数名词,特指others:另外的（人或物）,泛指theothers:另外的（人或物）,特制此外，固定词组onetheother一个、另一个、eg,Ofthetwoboys,oneismybrother,_ishisbrother.Ofthethreeteachers,oneisfromAmerica,_twoarefromEngland.Wouldyoulike_cupoftea?,theothertheotheranother,1.-Isthisyourdictionary?-No,_isinmybag.A.hersB.mineC.yours2.-Wehavetobequick.Thetrainstartsat10:35.-Dontworry.Thereis_timetogo.A.alittleB.fewC.littleD.any3.WevegottwoTVsets,but_workswell.anyB.bothC.eitherD.neither,BAD,4.Howmanyofthesebookshaveyouread?-_ofthem,everyone.A.ManyB.SomeC.AllD.None5.-Didyourparentsgotothefilmyesterdayevening?-No,we_stayedathomewatchingTV.bothB.allC.eitherD.none6.Boysandgirls!Pleasehelp_tosomeapples.A.youB.yourselfC.yourselves,CBC,4.Myparents_teachers.Theyworkhard.A.areallB.arebothC.bothare5.Listen!Ihave_totellyou.A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.anythingimportantD,nothingimportant6.Ihavetwofriends.Oneisafarmer,_isateacher.A.anotherB.otherC.theother,BBC,7.Youlookthirsty.Wouldyouliketo_water.A.anyB.someC.afew8.Look!Thereareso_studentsinthefield.A.muchB.littleC.many9.Therearesometreeson_sidesoftheroad.A.bothB.eitherC.neither10.Theboyislookingfor_mother.A.herB.heC.his,BCAC,11,-Isthere_intheroom?-No,_isin.A,anybody,nobodyB,anybody,everybodyC,somebody,anybody12,_doyouhaveforlunch?A,WhichB,WhereC,What13,Terryenjoyed_verymuch.A,heB,himC,himself14,Themanis_Chineseteacher.A,TomandTimB,TomsandTimsC,TomandTims,ACCC,定语从句,中考语法专项复习,定语从句,ThisisthepenwhichIboughtyesterday.,which,先行词,定语从句,关系词,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。,宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。,了解宾语从句,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g.Ihear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,hewillbebackinanhour,hemissedusverymuch,theearthmovesaroundthesun,由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_.（他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否要下雨）,if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus,whether(if)hecancome,whetheritisgoingtorainornot,当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.,Beijing,Whatrethese?,Theyrecats_,先行词/关系词（做主语=cats）,Whatdotheylooklike?,-Theyrecats.,Theyhavewhitehair.,whichhavewhitehair.,Hongkong,Whatisthis?,Itsaplane_,先行词/关系词（在从句中做主语),Itsaplane,Itcantakeustoeverywhere.,whichcantakeustoeverywhere.,ThisisanEnglishbook.,WeuseitinourEnglishclass,ThisisanEnglishbookwhichweuseinourEnglishclass.,先行词/关系词（做use的宾语）,当先行词指物时，关系词用_.,which,总结,Iknowthegirl_,Whatisthegirldoing?Sheisreading.Doyouknowher?-Yes,Ido.Iknowher.ShesfromClassthree.,先行词/关系词（做主语=theboy）,whoisreading,（二）,Hemakesalotofmoney.,Heismorethan2meterstall.,YaoMingisanathlete_,YaoMingisanathlete_,Heisanathlete.,Guesswhoheis!,whomakesalotofmoney.,whoismorethan2meterstall,Hewearsglasses.,Heisveryfamousintheworld.,Hehasblueeyes.,Heoftenseesstrangethings.,HarryPorterisaboy_.,HarryPorterisaboy_.,HarryPorterisaboy_.,whowearsglasses,whoisfamousintheworld,whohasblueeyes,当先行词指人时，关系词用_.,总结：,who,1Ilikethemovies_makemehappy.2Heisthekindofperson_helpsothers.3Ilovesingers_candance.4Chinaisabigcountry_haslonghistory.5Doyoulikethejacket_ismadeinJapan?6Heisateacher_youcanmakefriendswith.,which,who,who,which,which,who,补充：其实在定语从句中，无论先行词是指人或物，都可以使用that作为关系词。,/that,/that,/that,/that,/that,/that,whoorwhich?,ThisisHawaii.,ThisisHawaiiwherethebeachesarebeautiful.,ThebeachesarebeautifulinHawaii.,先行词/关系词（在从句中做状语=inHawaii）,（三）,IlikeCanada.,WecanseeNiagaraFallsinCanada.,IlikeCanadawherewecanseeNiagaraFalls.,(=inCanada),IwanttovisitAfrica.,ThepeoplearereallyfriendlyinAfrica.,IveneverbeentoAfricawhere_,thepeoplearereallyfriendly.,(=inAfrica),试比较：HongKongisaplace.Wecandolotsofshoppinginthisplace.2.HongKongisaplace.Theplacehaslotsofthingstoseeandbuy.,Hongkongisaplace_wecandolotsofshopping.,Hongkongisaplace_haslotsofthingstoseeandbuy.,where,which/that,(做状语=inHongKong),(做主语=HongKong),1.当先行词是表地点的名词时，而且它在从句中做状语，那么关系词就用_.,总结,where,2.但表地点的名词如果在从句中做主语或宾语时，关系词就用_.,which/that,1.Ilikemusic.Themusichasgreatlyrics.,2.Ilovemusic.Icansingalongwithmusic.,3.Ilikemusic.Themusicisnttooloud.,4.Ilikemusic.Icandancetomusic.,Ilikemusic_.,Ilovemusic_.,Ilikemusic_.,Ilikemusic_.,that/whichhasgreatlyrics,that/whichIcansingalongwith,that/whichisnttooloud,that/whichIcandanceto,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,陈述句变为引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.,HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.,HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,e.g.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.,Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.,Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgovisittheGreatWall.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.,HeaskedwhereIlived.,Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g.Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.,注意：,willbe,goes,wereplaying,hasreturned,hadbeen,travels,aretalking,were,weredoing,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)Ithinkyou_abouttherelayracenow.(talk)Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be),10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do),wrote,moves,hastaken,hasbeen,rises,did,将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.,Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.,Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?,Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.,Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.,Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.,Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework.,7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.8.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?9.“Whyisthetrainlate?”Wouldyoutellme?10.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.,Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.,CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?,Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?,TheyaskedwhereTomwas.,2012年中考英语语法复习连词,连词在句中的作用是把词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来。它不能在句中单独作句子成分。,并列连词和从属连词的用法：连词是连结单词、短语、从句或句子的虚词，在句子中不单独作句子成份。连词按其性质可分为：,1、并列连词如：and,or,but,for,等，连接并列的词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子。如：Riceandpotatoesarecommonfoods.（词与词）Todaywecantravelbyplane.（短语与短语）Manytreeslosetheirleavesinwinter,butevergreentreesdonot.（句子与句子）,关联连词是一类成对使用的连词。如：bothand,notbut.，notonlybutalsonotonlybutaswelleitheror，neithernor关联连词必须后接同样的语法结构。如：Eitherthewindowswereopenedorthedoorwasopened.,2从属连词如：that,whether,when,because,though等，用以引导名词性从句和状语从句。,3从属连词引导的从句不可以被断成一个句子。如果断开，就错了。如：Whenthealarmclockrang.（不完整）,4though(although)引导让步状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，所以though(although)不能和并列连词but，because不能和并列连词so一起使用。只能单独使用。,连词用法例题选讲：,例1：hedidnotknowmuchEnglish，hegotouthisdictio