《IPv6技术讲座》PPT课件

2020/5/11,1,IPv6技术讲座,滕小玲teng北京大学计算中心,2020/5/11,2,主要内容,为什么使用IPv6IPv6主要特性IPv6报头IPv6地址IPv6的发展历程,2020/5/11,3,为什么使用IPv6,TheCaseforIPv6IPv4所面临的问题IPv4的地址严重匮乏路由表急剧膨胀网络安全暂时的解决方法NATCIDR,2020/5/11,4,IPv6主要特性,LargerAddressSpace128位Aggregation-basedaddresshierarchyEfficientbackboneroutingEfficientandExtensibleIPdatagramNofragmentationbyrouters64bitsfieldalignementSimplerbasicheaderAutoconfigurationSecurityIPRenumberingpartoftheprotocol,2020/5/11,5,IPv6报头,2020/5/11,6,IPv6报头,Version(4bits)6forIPv6TrafficClass(8bits)TOSinIPv4identifyclassesandpriorities(diffserv)FlowLabel(20bits)PayloadLength(16bits)NextHeader(8bits)ExtensibleheaderstructureHopLimit(8bits)TTLinIPv4,2020/5/11,7,IPv6地址类型,RFC2373可聚集全球地址（AggregateableGlobalUnicastAddresses）0011/8totalspace链路本地地址（Link-LocalUnicastAddresses）11111110101/1024totalspace节点本地地址（Site-LocalUnicastAddresses）11111110111/1024totalspace多点传送地址（MulticastAddresses）111111111/256totalspace,2020/5/11,8,IPv6地址,UnicastaddressesLink-LocalFE80:/10automaticallyconfiguredwithinterfaceidusedforneighborandrouterdiscoveryAggregateableGlobal2000:/3,2020/5/11,9,IPv6地址,MulticastAddressesRFC2375IPv6MulticastAddressAssignmentFF00:/8FFfs:/16f:flag0:permanent;1:notpermanents:scope1:node2:link5:site8:organizationE:globalFF02:1allnodesonthelocalnetworkFF02:2allroutersonthelocalnetwork,2020/5/11,10,IPv6地址,AnycastAddressesRFC2526ReservedIPv6SubnetAnycastAddressesAdvantagesofanycastroutingoptimizationserverloadAnycastaddressstyle,2020/5/11,11,IPv6地址表示,Formatisx:x:x:x:x:x:x:xxisa16bithexadecimalfieldFEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210Leadingzerosinafieldareoptional:canbeusedtorepresentmultiplegroupsof16bitsofzero:canonlybeusedonceinanaddressFF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101=FF01:1010:0:0:0:0:0:0:1=:10:0:0:0:0:0:0:0=:,2020/5/11,12,IPv6地址表示,LoopbackAddresses:1LikeinIPv4AutomaticIPv6OverIPv4Tunnel:IPv4CompatibleAddresses:FFFF:forIPv4-onlynodes,2020/5/11,13,IPv6地址表示,RFC2732:PreferredFormatforLiteralIPv6AddressesinURLhttp:/1080:8:800:200C:417A:80/index.html,2020/5/11,14,IPv6地址,RequiredNodeAddressesItsLink-LocalAddressforeachinterfaceAssignedUnicastAddressesLoopbackAddressAll-NodesMulticastAddressesSolicited-NodeMulticastAddressforeachofitsassignedunicastandanycastaddressesMulticastAddressesofallothergroupstowhichthehostbelongs.,2020/5/11,15,IPv6地址,RequiredRouterAddressesAlltherequirednodeaddressesTheSubnet-Routeranycastaddressesfortheinterfacesitisconfiguredtoactasarouteron.AllotherAnycastaddresseswithwhichtherouterhasbeenconfigured.All-RoutersMulticastAddresses,2020/5/11,16,IPv6的发展历程,6BONEIPv6地址分配CERNETIPv6实验床北京大学IPv6实验床,2020/5/11,17,6BONE,国际IPv6实验床，不是实用的网络。通过tunnels和一些纯IPv6链接(mostlyIPv6overATM)技术文档RFC2471IPv6TestingAddressAllocation3FFE:/166boneTLARFC25466boneroutingpolicies6Boneregistry,2020/5/11,18,IPv6地址申请,主要分配IPv6地址的机构：IANA（InternetAssignedNumbersAuthority)1999年12月，IANA开始通过分配正式的IPv6地址200:/13欧洲的RIPE-NCC亚太平洋地区的APNICCERNIC地址范围为2001:250:/35,2020/5/11,19,CERNETIPv6Testbed,背景1998年6月加入6BONE同年11月成为其骨干成员1999年，CERNET在国内教育网范围内组建了IPv6试验床目标研究同下一代互联网有关的网络技术开发新型网络应用示范上述技术和应用，推动国内IPv4向IPv6的过度,2020/5/11,20,Addressing,2020/5/11,21,Addressing,2020/5/11,22,CERNETIPv6Testbed,ContactInformation:TechnicalStaffstaffGeneralMailListcernetip6URL,2020/5/11,23,加入实验床,遵从如下的程序加入试验床的邮件列表Majordomo组建IPv6网络规划网络地址和拓扑申请地址空间和接入点配置主机和路由节点申请域名,2020/5/11,24,北京大学IPv6实验床,2000年4月开始Nokia路由器和FreeBSD系统IPv6overIPv4测试路由和DNS移植tcp_wrappers,2020/5/11,25,IPv6实