雅思语法之定语从句ppt课件

.,1,定语从句,.,2,什么是定语？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.Eg:ablueseaahandsomeboyHegavemeabasketfullofeggs.Letsgosomewherequiet.,.,3,定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的关系词，一定要在从句中充当成分。关系词分关系代词和关系副词,.,4,一、关系代词,关系代词：who,whom,that，which,whose。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。1）指人：who,whom,thatEg：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）,.,5,一、关系代词,2）指物：that，which,Eg：Thisisthepen(which/that)heboughtyesterday.（which/that在句中作主语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.（which/that在句中作宾语）,.,6,一、关系代词,3）指人或物：whose=sbs/sths(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）Eg:Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.,.,7,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,.,8,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,.,9,定语从句使用中的特殊情况,二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.2.非限制性定语从句。Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.,aboutthat(X),that(X),.,10,定语从句使用中的特殊情况,一、只能用that的情况：1.先行词既有物又有人时。Hespokeofthepersonsandthingsthathehadseenabroad.2.先行词是something,anything,all,nothing等不定代词时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被,all,thevery,theonly,thejust修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,.,11,二、关系副词,关系副词：when，where，why（做状语）,1.when,先行词为时间名词作时间状语指时间,在从句中表示“在.时”、=in/on.+which,.,12,3.why,先行词为reason作原因状语指原因,在从句中表示因为.原因“=forwhich,2.where,先行词为地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,environment,scene)作地点状语指地点,在从句中表示“在.地点=in/on.+which,二、关系副词,.,13,Istillremembertheday.,=when,(1),(2),ontheday,Icamehere,=onwhich,我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。,(1)我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。,关系副词：when,Istillrememberthedayonwhich/whenIcamehere.,.,14,Thisisthehouse.lastyear.,=inwhich=where,Ilived,inthehouse,(1),(2),(1)就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。,Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereIlivedlastyear.,关系副词：where,就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。,.,15,Hegaveareason.,=forwhich=why,(1),(2),forthereason.,peoplelikemusic,(1)他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。,他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。,关系副词：why,Hegaveareasonforwhich/whypeoplelikemusic.,.,16,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,.,17,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,.,18,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,.,19,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,.,20,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,.,21,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,可见,who、that不能用与介词之后,.,22,介词+关系代词的情况2,Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,.,23,介词+关系代词的情况3,Helivesinalonelyvillage.Atthebackofitisahill.,Helivesinalovelyvillage,atthebackof_isahill.,Hehasthreesisters.Allofthemareabroad.,Hehasthreesisters,allof_areabroad.,which,whom,Jointhefollowingsentences:,.,24,介词+关系代词的情况4,Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,.,25,非限制性定语从句,非限定性定语从句的关系词：who,whom,whose,which,where,when,why,非限定性定语从句:1)从形式上看：主从句之间用逗号隔开。Eg:Wealllikethebook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.2)从内容上看：主从句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用。Eg:Bushwaselectedpresidentagain,whichmadeJimverysad.,.,26,限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。Eg:Thisisthemanwhogavemethemoney,非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。Eg:WangDong,whoisintheroom,wantstoaskyousomequestions,.,27,另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。Intheirclass,therearefi