James-Fenimore-Cooper.ppt

英语1121107071042王蓓蓓,JamesFenimoreCooper（詹姆斯费尼莫库珀）,JamesFenimoreCooper（詹姆斯费尼莫库珀）,JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851),1Lifestory1)borninarichfamily2)attendedYalebutexpelledbecauseofmisconduct3)fiveyearsatsea4)inheritedfortuneandlivedacomfortablelife,JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851),HewasoneofthefirstauthorstowriteabouttheAmericanWestwardmovement.“ThefatherofAmericannovels.”Beginningofhisliterarycareer:achallengefromhiswifeIn1819Cooperwasreadingarecentlypublishednoveltohiswife,andfindingitsopoorlydone,castitasideandclaimedhecoulddobetter.Hiswifelaughedathisdeclaration.,Majorworks:TheSpy(1821)间谍ThePilot(1824)舵手LeatherstockingTales:ThePioneers(1823),拓荒者TheLastoftheMohicans(1826),最后的莫西干人ThePrairie(1827),大草原ThePathfinder(1840),探路人TheDeerslayer(1841).杀鹿者,JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851),Threetypesofnovelshelaunched:Revolutionaryhistoricalnovel:TheSpy;Frontiernovel:ThePioneers;Seaadventurenovel:ThePilot.Majorthemes:Antithesisbetweennatureandcivilization;Antithesisbetweenfreedomandlaw;Antithesisbetweenindividualandsociety;Conflictbetweencultures.,JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851),ContributionsofCooperInhisthirty-twoyears(1820-1851)ofauthorship,Cooperproducedtwenty-nineotherlongworksoffictionandfifteenbooks-enoughtofillforty-eightvolumesinthenewdefinitiveeditionofhisWorks.Amonghisachievementsare:,JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851),Seven“firsts”:1.ThefirstsuccessfulAmericanhistoricalromance(TheSpy,1821).2.Thefirstseanovel(ThePilot,1824).3.Thefirstattemptatafullyresearchedhistoricalnovel(LionelLincoln,1825).莱昂内尔林肯4.Thefirstfull-scaleHistoryoftheNavyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica(1839).,JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851),5.ThefirstAmericaninternationalnovelofmanners(HomewardBoundandHomeasFound,1838).6.ThefirsttrilogyinAmericanfiction(Satanstoe,1845;TheChainbearer,1845;andTheRedskins,1846).7.Thefirstepicromancetocarryitsmythichero-NattyBumppo-fromyouthtooldage.whatsmore,hefoundtheWestandthefrontierlifeasmaterialsforliteraryworksandheintroducedWesterntraditionintoAmericanliterature.Therefore,wecancallCooperasthe“pioneer”ofAmericanliterature.,JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851),HisWritingStyles,Heisgoodatmakingplots.Allhisnovelsarefullofmyths.HehadneverbeentothefrontierandamongtheIndiansandyetcouldwritefivehugeepicbooksaboutthemisaneloquentproofoftherichnessofhisimagination.HecreatedthefirstIndianstoappearinAmericanfictionandprobablythefirstgroupofnoblesavages.Hehituponthenativesubjectoffrontierandwilderness,andhelpedtointroducethe“Western”traditionintoAmericanliterature.,HisWritingStyles,TheLastofTheMohicansistheuniversalfavoriteandbestknownoftheseriesofLeatherstockingtales.Aplaybaseduponthenovelwasproducedasearlyas1831,andithasalsobeenadaptedasanoperaandaballet.Twenty-fourfilmsbasedonthenovelhavebeenproduced.,TheLastoftheMohicans,Plotdevelopment:DuncanHeyward(MajorofFortEdward)CoraandAlice(daughtersofcolonelMunro,commandantofFortWilliamHenry)DavidGamut(singer)allofthemwereignorantofthewildernessMagua(Hunron)Hawkeye(hunter)ChingachgookandhissonUncas(Mohicans)cheatingandtrapescapeHawkeyeguidedthefourpersonspaddledacanoetoGlennsFallsabandofIroquoisledbyMaguacapturedthefourpersonsescapedandattemptedtorescuerescuedthefourpersonsandpushedonwarddrewnearFortWilliamHenryaFrenchsentinelstoppedthemFrencharmyunderMontcalmlaysiegetothefort,TheLastoftheMohicans,allowedtoproceedandarrivedatMunro(colonel)sentHawkeyetoseekhelpfromFortEdward,buttheywererefusedMunroacceptedthetermstoleavethefortdisturbedbytheIndianalliesamonstrousslaughterbeganthesistersandDavidwerecapturedHawkeyeandothermentriedtolookforthemfoundthetrailofAliceandDavidCorawastransferredtoanothertribeHeywardrescuedAliceandDavidtriedtorescueCoraMaguaFledwithCoraUncaswaskilledbyMaguaMaguawaskilledbyHawkeyeCorawaskilledbyaHuronUncasandCorawereburiedintheforestColonelMunroandHeywardconductedAlicetoEnglishterritoryHawkeyeremainedintheforestwithChingachgook.,TheLastoftheMohicans,TheLastoftheMohicans,Setting:InTheLastoftheMohicans,twosignificantelementsofsettingareatwork:thehistoricaleventsof1757andthenaturallandscapeofupstateNewYork.CopperaddressestheperiodoftheFrenchandIndianwar(1754-1763),specificallythemassacreatFortWilliamHenry(1757).TheFrenchandIndianwarwasaculminationofrivalrybetweenEnglandandFranceforcontroloftheNorthAmericancontinent.,Themes:culturesinconflictCooperperceivedinthisstorythepotentialforexploringtwoculturesinconflict,thatofthewhiteEuropeanimmigrantandthenativeAmericanIndian.AmpleevidenceisgiveninthenovelofthedestructioncausedtotheIndiansbythecomingofthewhitesHawkeyehimselfacknowledgesthatthisisso.ThereasonthatMaguawasdrivenfromtheHurons,forexample,wasbecausethewhitesintroducedtheIndianstoalcohol,andhefellvictimtoit.ThesavageryoftheconflictbetweenwhitesandIndiansisapparentinnumerousincidents.,TheLastoftheMohicans,TheLastoftheMohicans,Thetworacesdonotunderstandeachothersways,eventhoughtheymakemanyallianceswitheachother.Withinthislargerpatternofculturalconflict,Cooperalsoconsideredotherissues,includingtheevilsofthecolonialwar,thetensionbetweenwildernessandcivilization,theissueofraceasadeterminantofidentity,andthede