语法填空公开课.ppt

RationalCloze,语法填空专题给出提示词的解题技巧,语法填空题型概述：,设10个空，其中有6-7空为纯空格题，另有3-4空为括号中词语的正确形式(即给出提示词题）。,Focusoftoday!,给出提示词解题策略,1.“有提示词题”一般设3-4小题，且七年高考（07-13年）来只考查了动词的谓语和非谓语、词类转换、形容词的比较级。具体分布为：(1)动词做谓语：1-2题；(2)动词做非谓语：1-2题；(3)词类转换：1-2题；(4)比较等级：0-1题。,peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_（push）youwiththeirelbows（肘部），hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.(09高考）Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(08高考)“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_(inform).(09高考),给出动词题(),考什么？,().谓语动词的时态和语态(主动/被动).时态题每年都考,被动语态考过一次.,pushed,results,wasinformed,Tips1:如果句中缺少谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。,1)InLogan,threepeople_(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.Twomonthsago,I_(start)myownprogramofjustdailywalking,例17Hisfearoffailure_(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(2008年深圳一模)ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.(2008年广州一模),weretaken,完成以下句子，想想有什么好的解题思路或技巧？,1.判断句子有无谓语动词,如果没有谓语动词或要作并列谓语，那么要填的是_谓语动词,started,kept,closed,Theyoftentakechildrenonday-trips,_(bring)alongwiththemallkindsoffoodforthekidstoenjoy.(2013广州一模）2)Theheadmasterwentintothelab,_(follow)bytheforeignguests.,().非谓语动词：-ing形式、-ed和不定式形式的运用。每年均有一道题。,给出动词题(),bringing,followed,如果有谓语动词且又不作并列谓语,那么要填的是非谓语动词,前面为句子,分词在句子后独立出来做伴随状语,_(shock)atthenews,Idecidedtomakeitconfirmedfirst._(delight)bytheresult,Ishareitwithmyfriendsandparents._(look)atmeblankly,heturnedaroundandwalkedawaywithoutaword.,Shocked,Delighted,Looking,非谓语做状语,观察给出动词与主句主语的关系主动的用doing,被动用done.,Thereisnospecificskill_(need)tomasterthistask.2.Ihadnootherchoice_(leave),soIagreedtopay,butonlyaftermybagwasreturned.Lessons_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.3.AsIgotofftheplane,thefirstthingthatIdidwas_(put)onmythickcoat.(2013广州二模）3)_(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.,needed,left,toput,Tocomplete,learned,句子已经有谓语,给出的动词在某个名词后面,做后置定语,(Todo)1,未做的动作.2,表目的.,ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.(09年广东高考）Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_(nature)course.（08年广东高考）Wedranktogetherandtalked_(merry)tillfarintothenight.(07年广东高考）,III.词类转换题。根据该词在句子中所做的句子成分来确定用哪种形式。每年高考都考查了一题。,词类转换题,choice,natural,merrily,Hewasverytired,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”_(high).(08年高考）Wewillhavea_(far)discussionaboutthisproblematthenextmeeting.“Everythinghappensforthe_(good),”mymothersaidwheneverIfaceddisappointment.(2013广州一模）,().形容词和副词比较级（七年高考中有五年考到）,比较等级题(),higher,further,best,时态,语态,非谓语,1.动词,2.词类转换,分析其在句子中充当的成分来决定用什么词性。,3.比较等级,通常是形容词、副词的比较级或最高级,小结：,实战演练()_句子,1.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he_(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.(13年广东）2.Hewasbadlyhurtandhe_(lie)inbedwithahightemperatureforthepastfivedays.(2014肇庆一模)3.He_(teach)todoeverythingthechickensdo.(13肇二）4.Inonestudio,akindladytoldmebigstationscouldntrisk_(hire)inexperiencedperson.(2013肇庆一模）5.TheNECCstudentsandoneoftheirteachersspentpartoftheirspringbreakinNewYorkCity,helpingrepairanarea_(destroy)bythehurricane.(2014广州一模）6.TheDorrityshavebeenworkinghard_(improve)theconditionattheWelfareInstitutesincetheycame.(13广州一模）7.Itcanbehardtoknowwhoisreallyinneedandwhoistryingtoexploitotherpeoples_(kind).（2014肇庆一模）8.Butsuchasmallthingcouldnt_(possible)destroyedavillage.(2013广东高考）9.Thiswasthe_(bad)thingIeverexperiencedin“InterestingIndia.”(2013广州二模）,hiring,haslain,destroyed,wastaught,toimprove,found,possibly,kindness,worst,实战演练()_篇章,Aimingtocultivatethegoodhabitofprotectingtheenvironment,theStudentsUnionhelda_1_(create)workcompetitionwiththethemeofmakinggooduseofwastematerials.FromJan.1sttoFeb,10th,morethan900students_2_(participate)andpresentedthroughtheInternetover1,000worksmainly_3_(make)ofwastematerials.About200participantsgotthefirst,secondandthirdprizesrespectively.ZhangHua,whosework“Protectingtheforests,_4_(include)youandme!”_5_(make)ofoldnewspapersandmagazines,gotthefirstplace.Inthisactivity,thestudentsnotonly_6_(show)havetheir_7_(enthusiastic),butalsohaveraisedtheirawarenessof_8_(environment)protection.,Aimingtocultivatethegoodhabitofprotectingtheenvironment,theStudentsUnionhelda_(create)workcompetitionwiththethemeofmakinggooduseofwastematerials.FromJan.1sttoFeb,10th,morethan900students_(participate)andpresentedthroughtheInternetover1,000worksmainly_(make)ofwastematerials.About200participantsgotthefirst,secondandthirdprizesrespectively.ZhangHua,whosework“Protectingtheforests,_(include)youandme!”_(make)ofoldnewspapersandmagazines,gotthefirstplace.Inthisactivity,thestudentsnotonly_(show)havetheir_(enthusiastic),butalsohaveraisedtheirawarenessof_(environment)protection.,creative,made,including,wasmade,haveshown,enthusiasm,environmental,participated,ThePursuitofHappiness,_1_(direct)byGabrieleMuccino,isbasedonafamousAmericansexperience.Thethemedealswithasinglefatherwhoovercameallthedifficultiesinordertolivea_2_(good)lifewithhisson.Becauseofthe_3_(poor),Themanswifelefthim,_4_(leave)himandhissoneatingandsleepinginthestreet.He_5_(require)tofocusmoreonhisworkandmadeuphismind_6_(keep)himselfawayfromallthebadhabitsforbetterlivingconditionsforhisson._7_(final),hebecameamillionaire.Wegainedlotsof_8_(beneficial)fromthemovie,whichaffectedourlifeinapositiveway.,ThePursuitofHappiness,_(direct)byGabrieleMuccino,isbasedonafamousAmericansexperience.Thethemedealswithasinglefatherwhoovercameallthedifficultiesinordertolivea_(good)lifewithhisson.Becauseofthe_(poor),Themanswifelefthim,_(leave)himandhissoneatingandsleepinginthestreet.He_(require)tofocusmoreonhisworkandmadeuphismind_(keep)himselfawayfromallthebadhabitsforbetterlivingconditionsforhisson._(final),hebecameamillionaire.Wegainedlotsof_(beneficial)fromthemovie,whichaffectedourlifeinapositiveway.,directed,better,poverty,leaving,wasrequired,tokeep,Finally,benefits,考点综合应用,MostAmericansdontliketogetadvice1membersoftheirfamily.Theygetadvicefrom“2(strange)”.Whentheyneedadvice,theydontusuallygotopeopletheyknow.3,manyofthemwriteletterstonewspapersandmagazines4giveadviceonanydifferentsubjects5(include)familyproblems,theuseoflanguage,health,cooking,childcare,clothes,6evenonhowtobuyahouseoracar.Mostnewspapers7(regular)printlettersfromreaderswithproblems.Alongwiththelettersthereareanswers8(write)bypeoplewhoaresupposedtoknowhowtosolvesuchproblems.Someofthesewritersaredoctors,9arelawyersoreducators.Buttwoofthemostfamouswritersofadvicearewomenwithoutspecial10(train)forthiskindofwork.,from,strangers,Instead,that,including,and,regularly,written,others,training,Onceuponatime,threemenwerehikingintoamountain.Oneday,_16_unexpectedlycameuponalargeriver.Nobridgewasseen_17_theriver.Theyneededtogetto_18_otherside,buthadnoideaofhowtodoso.ThefirstmanprayedtoGod,saying,“PleaseGod,givemethestrengthtocrossthisriver.”Poof!Godgavehimbigarms_19_stronglegs,andhewasable,toswimacrosstheriverinabouttwohours,afteralmostdrowningacoupleoftimes.解题思路：1快速通读全文2请根据句子结构，试判断每个空格所填词的词性或语法功能。(16)_(17)_(18)_(19)_(20)_,人称代词,介词,冠词,连词,over,they,the,and,_20_(see)this,thesecondmanprayedtoGod,saying,“PleaseGod,givemethestrengthandthetoolstocrossthisriver.”Poof!Godgavehimaboat;_21_helpedhimacrosstheriverinaboutanhour.Thethirdmanhadseenhowthisworkedout_22_theothertwo,sohealsoprayedtoGod,saying,“PleaseGod,givemethestrength,thetoolsandthe_23_(intelligent)tocrossthisriver.”Poof!Godturnedhimintoawoman.Shelookedatthemap,_24_(hike)upstreamacoupleofhundredyards,thenwalkedacrossthebridge_25_(safe).(20)_(21)_(22)_(23)_(24)_(25)_,名词,谓语动词,非谓语,连词,连词,副词,Seeing,which,but,intelligence,hiked,safely,Skill1.缺主语或宾语，一定填代词IcansendamessagetokenyawheneverIwantto,and_getstherealmostinasecond.Onceuponatime,threemenwerehikingintoamountain.Oneday,_16_unexpectedlycameuponalargeriver.,it,they,Skill2.若空格后是名词，且它没有限定词（冠词/形容词性物主代词/不定代词)修饰，很可能填的就是限定词1）Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynastywasveryanxioustohelp_ricecropgrowupquickly.2)theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto_smalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.,his,a,冠词+形容词+名词,Skill3若空格后是名词，代词或动名词，且他们不在句中作主语，或动词的宾语。那么这个空就很可能填介词(然后根据句意和语境来确定填哪个介词！)whoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme_aguestintheirhouse.Nobridgewasseen_17_theriver.,as,over,Skill4若两个主谓之间如果没有分号或句号，很可能填连词或从句引导词1)Iwantedtoseeasmuchofthecityaspossibleinthetwodays_IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.2)Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,_hefeltveryhappy,before,but,一、冠词1ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw_firstquestion.(广州二模)2ThenIwenttothedepartmentstoreandboughtherexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.(广州一模)3.Tom,8yearoldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop.（深一模）4HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand_goodmanyotherthings.（深二模）5.Itoldthebusdriverthatmybabyhadjusthadheartoperationandthatshewashaving_heartfailure.（汕头二模）6.Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso_comparativelycheapone.（东莞一模）,the,an,an,a,a,a,总结：名词前考虑填冠词和不定冠词，记住结构：冠词+形容词+名词,二、代词挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯。1.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax.（广州二模）2.Thelittleboypulledrighthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit.（深一模）3.thedriverdidtohelpandevenstoppedoncetopickupmorepassengers.（汕头二模）4Ifyougiveyourchildrenthattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregardasunfitorunablepersons.（深圳罗湖）5.Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000ofwereself-fundedstudents,（茂名二模）6Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearspoken.（佛山一模）,his,myself,nothing,themselves,them,it,总结：缺主语或宾语，一定填代词,三、介词1.IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,wereasurepathsuccess.(广州二模)2Dontbealwaysparticularyourpresentworkandincome.(惠州一模)3.ItbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealongconstructivecriticism.（深二模）4.Heshowedthepublicalimitededitionfour-wheeldrivecar,whichisespeciallymadehispersonaltaste.(梅州一模)5.Fivewereincriticalconditionheadtrauma(外伤,损伤),saidLizCrouch,thecenterschiefoperatingofficer.(梅州二模)6Thereisnoeasywaytosuccesslanguagelearning.,to,about,with,to,with,in,总结：若空格后是名词，代词或动名词，且他们不在句中作主语，或动词的宾语。那么这个空就很可能填介词(然后根据句意和语境来确定填哪个介词！),四、从句从属连词,定从:which,that,who,whose,whom,when,where,why名从：what,that，whether,if,where,how,who,when,where,whatever,whoever,whichever状从：when，before,after,if,although/though,unless,because若两个主谓之间如果没有分号或句号，很可能填连词或从句引导词,1.ThenIwenttothedepartmentstoreIworkedpart-timeandboughtheranexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.（广州一模）2.Myfaceturnedredonhearing_mymothersaid.(惠州一模)3.MoreandmoreChinesestudentsgoabroadforstudy,issupportedbytheChinesegovernment.（茂名二模）.4.Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchasthepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis.（广州一模）5.Ialmoststartedtoyellhisname_Isuddenlyrememberedhewasinbedasleep.（深二模）,where,what,who,what,when,6.Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisisprecisely_thedangerlies.7.wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.（佛山一模）8.Ihadnoideahowtodoit.ItriedtostaypositiveandperseveredIfinallyfoundthesolution.（广州二模）9.This,didntbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.(广州二模)10.shewouldpointouttheyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed.（深圳罗湖）,where,If,until,however,what,五、并列连词，如and,but,or,though,although,so，until，挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。1Ihadnoideahowtodoit.ItriedtostaypositiveandperseveredIfinallyfoundthesolution.（广州二模）2Iaskedmyclassm